Abstract
Soğuk Savaş döneminin başlangıcında, İkinci Dünya Savaşında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği liderlerinin savaş sonrası planlarının içeriği önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Bu iki süpergüç arasındaki gelişmelerde savaştan mağlup çıkan Almanya’nın durumunun ne olacağı da kritik bir rol oynamıştır. Nitekim, 1948-1949 Berlin Krizi ile Soğuk Savaş gerçeklik kazanmış ve taraflarbirbirlerinden net bir şekilde ayrılmıştır. Bunun sonrasında Sovyet Bloğu veya Doğu Bloğu olarak adlandırdığımız ideolojik jeopolitik yapılanmada, arzu edilen değişime direnç ve başkaldırılar oluşmuştur. Doğu Demokratik Almanya, Polonya ve Macaristan’daki tepkiler Stalin ve Kruşçov dönemlerinde bastırılırken, Brejnev döneminde de bir yumuşama sağlansa da, Çekoslovakya’daki kalkışma benzer şekilde bastırıldı. Yine de Brejnev dönemindeki Doğu-Batı ilişkileri genelde yumuşamanın gerçekleştiği, karşılıklı ticaretin, kültürel alışverişin arttığı bir dönem olarak öncüllerinden farklı algılanır. Bunun sebebi ise, ideolojik şartların gerektirdiklerinin her iki blok mensupları üzerindeki baskılaması ve Brejnev’in öncülleri gibi açıktan saldırgan bir tavır sergilememesi olarak gözlemlenebilir
References
- Litván, György (1996): The Hungarian Revolution of 1956: Reform, Revolt, and Repression, Longman, Londra.
- McCauley, Martin (1998): Russia, America, & the Cold War: 1949-1991, Longman, Londra.
- Okey, Robin (1986): Eastern Europe 1740-1985: Federalism to Communism, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
- Partos, Gabriel (1993): The World That Came In From The Cold: Perspectives From East and West On the Cold War, BBC/Royal Institute of International Affairs, Londra.
- Peacock, H. L. (1982): A History of Modern Europe: 1789-1981, Heinemann Educational, Oxford.
- Svoboda, Jan (1956): Jan Svoboda’s Notes on the CPSU CC Presidium Meeting with Satellite Leaders, October 24, 1956, https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB76/doc5.pdf
- https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB76/doc5.pdf
Abstract
At the beginning of the Cold War era, the content of the post-war plans of the war-time leaders of both the United States of America and of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics has a significant place. The question on the fate of Germany that lost the war played a crucial role. As a matter of fact, with the 1948-1949 Berlin Crisis Cold War came into existence and the sides have separated very clearly from each other. In the wake of this crisis, there was resistance and rebellion against the desired change within the ideological-geopolitical space that is referred to as either the Soviet Bloc or the Eastern Bloc. While the reactions in Eastern Democratic Germany, Poland, and Hungary were suppressed during the leadership periods of Stalin and Khrushchev, under Brezhnev, the uprising in Czechoslovakia was suppressed in a similar manner even though a thaw was accepted to be experienced in the Brezhnev era. Nonetheless, the Brezhnev era is seen as a period in which a political thaw was experienced in EastWest relations, and an increase is experienced in trade and cultural ties, and thusly this period is seen in a different light from its predecessors. The reasons for this situation are the ideological pressure created on both sides and that Brezhnev has not pursued an openly hostile attitude as his predecessors
References
- Litván, György (1996): The Hungarian Revolution of 1956: Reform, Revolt, and Repression, Longman, Londra.
- McCauley, Martin (1998): Russia, America, & the Cold War: 1949-1991, Longman, Londra.
- Okey, Robin (1986): Eastern Europe 1740-1985: Federalism to Communism, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
- Partos, Gabriel (1993): The World That Came In From The Cold: Perspectives From East and West On the Cold War, BBC/Royal Institute of International Affairs, Londra.
- Peacock, H. L. (1982): A History of Modern Europe: 1789-1981, Heinemann Educational, Oxford.
- Svoboda, Jan (1956): Jan Svoboda’s Notes on the CPSU CC Presidium Meeting with Satellite Leaders, October 24, 1956, https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB76/doc5.pdf
- https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB76/doc5.pdf
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 1, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 15 |