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Kore’de Doğumla İlgili Geleneksel İnançlar ve Ritüeller Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 100 - 120, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.61729/uhad.1443678

Abstract

Öz
Kore kültüründe doğuma dair birçok farklı geleneksel inanç ve ritüeller bulunmaktadır. Kore kadınları hem hamilelik öncesinde çocuk sahibi olabilmek için hem de doğum sonrasında çocuk en az bir yaşına gelinceye kadar, bereket ve doğum tanrıçasına, birtakım adaklar adamanın yanı sıra ritüeller gerçekleştirmiştir. Aynı zamanda Koreliler doğum tanrısının, hamilelik süresince fetüsü ve Kore kadınını kötü ruhlardan koruyacağına, özellikle erkek çocuk sahibi olmasına ve doğum sonrasında da çocuğa uzun bir ömür bahşedeceğine inanmaktaydılar.
Bu çalışmada, hamilelik öncesi geleneksel Tegyo (태교) eğitim yönteminden başlayarak, bebek sahibi olmak için yapılan Gica Ritüelleri (기자속) ve doğum adetleri (산속) ele alınmanın yanı sıra bebeğin cinsiyetinin rüyalarla haber verildiğine dair bir inanç olan Temonğ (태몽) kavramı açıklanmıştır. Hamilelik sırasında uygulanan diğer adetlerle birlikte, doğum sonrasında çocuğun sağlıklı olması için tanrılara adak hazırlanarak uygulanan Yüzüncü Gün Töreni (Bekilcançi-백일잔치) ve Birinci Yaş Günü Töreni (Dolcançi-돌잔치) gibi diğer etkinlikler de çalışmanın konusuna dahil edilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak, Kore kültüründe doğum ritüellerinde önemli olan semboller ve nesneler de çalışmada açıklanmıştır.
Bu çalışma, Kore’nin doğuma dair inanç ve ritüel faaliyetlerinin incelenmesiyle Kore kültüründeki yeri ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır.

References

  • BAYIRLI, Ramazan (2019). “Antik Çağdan Milenyuma Doğum Felsefesi”, Türk Dünyası Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Yenidoğan Dergisi, S. 4 (2), s. 324-333.
  • CHANG, Jungho (2005). “A study on the antenatal training theory of <Taegyosingi> from the perspective of Confucian education”, Daedong Munhwa Yeongu, S. 50, s. 475-502.
  • CHANG, Jungho (2008). “A Comparative Study on the Antenatal Training Theory of the Traditional Chinese And Korean Society”, History of Education, S. 18(1), s. 59-82.
  • CHO, Heeyeon (2019). “A Comparative Study on Childbirth Custom in Korea and France”, The Study of Practice Folkloristics, S. 33, s. 277-317.
  • GWAK, Hwangji (2015). A study on the Rock-carved Buddha Triad of Sammaksa temple. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Seul: Graduate school of Ewha Womans University-Department of Art History.
  • HAN, Yangmyung (1999). “The Systematic Understanding on Birth Custom in Korea”, Asian Comparatıve Folklore, S. 16, s. 109-127.
  • HEOJUN (2014). Donguibogam 4, national translation. Seul: Hanbulhakye.
  • HUONG, Ho Thı Thu (2015). “A Comparative Study on Child-Birth Custom in South Korea and Vietnam”, Youngsan Journal of East Asian Cultural Studies, S. 21, s. 313-343.
  • JUNG, Yonhak (2011). “Rites of Passage -Focusing on the birth rites and the wedding rites-”, The Journal of Korean Historical-forklife, S. 37, s. 67-102.
  • KIM, Incu ve Jeon, Jungmi. (2012). “A Study on the Meaning of Childhood Education Through Exploring the Process of Change of Korean Custom of Childbirth”, Asian Journal of Education, S. 13(3), s. 203-232.
  • KIM, Joohee vd. (2006). “A Case Study on Korean birth customs during 1930s-40”, Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review, S. 10 (1), s. 17-32.
  • KIM, Yeongwan vd. (2012). “Handing down among people and aspects of application of ancient medical childbirth folklore of Korea - with focus on Dangun mythology–”. Journal of Koreanology, S. 10, s. 175-200.
  • KOVÁCS, Fajkuszne K. (2019). “Fertility rites and cults in the traditional Korean belief system”, Korean Ways of Diversity-Proceedings of the 4th Conference of Young Koreanist. Prag, C.4, s. 111-139
  • KÜÇÜK, Mehmet A. (2013). “Geleneksel Türk Dini’ndeki ‘Ana / Dişil Ruhlar’a Mitolojik Açıdan Bakış”, Iğdır Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, S. 1, s. 105-134.
  • LEE, Kyeonghwa (2009). “Understanding the Traditional Customs of Childbirth in Jeju”, Journal Of North-East Asıan Cultures, S. 18, s. 175-191.
  • LEE, Pilyoung (2001). “The History of the placenta burying ritual: Continuity and Change”, The Journal of Korean Historical-forklife, S. 13, s. 7-29.
  • MIN, Hayeong ve YU Anjin (2004). “Cross-Cultural Study on the Infant Rearing Practices in Young Mother- Grandmother Generations of Korea, Hong-Kong, and the United State”, The Korean Home Economics Association, S. 42 (4), s. 55-68.
  • MUN, Heesoo ve Choi, Euysoon. (2002). “A Study on the Cognition and Practice of the Delivered Woman and Her Husband for the Fetal Education”, KJWHN, S. 8 (4), s. 583-594.
  • NRICH (National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage). (1977). Korean Folk Research Report Book 8, Gangwon-do. DeJeon.
  • O, Chulse (1990). “Rites of Birth in the Classic Novel”, The Studies in Korean Literature, S. 13, s. 149-204.
  • SIM, Kyung Ho (2009). “Sajudang Lee's Life and Scholarship”, Korean Classical Woman Literature Studies, S. 18, s. 241-279.
  • YUN, Tehu (2017). “The Thought of Filial Piety in Gyenyeseo by Song, Si-Yeol”, Journal of Korean Hyo Studies, S. 25, s. 57-86.
  • URL-1 Cultureline. A Korean Lifetime Ritual - North Chungcheong Province. Cultureline Korea: https://www.cultureline.kr/webgear/board_pds/11314/[%207%20]%20옥천군.pdf adresinden alındı. (E.T.: 12.10.2023)
  • URL-2 Cultureline. A Korean Lifetime Ritual - North Chungcheong Province. Cultureline Korea: https://www.cultureline.kr/webgear/board_pds/11314/[%2013%20]%20청주시.pdf adresinden alındı (E.T.: 12.10.2023)
  • URL-3 SON İnsu. Taegyo. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: https://encykorea.akac.kr/Article/E0058885 adresinden alındı. (E.T.: 12.10.2023)

A Study on Traditional Korean Birth Beliefs and Rituals

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 100 - 120, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.61729/uhad.1443678

Abstract

In the culture of history of Korean society, there are many different traditional beliefs and rituals related to childbirth. Korean women performed rituals as well as making some offerings to the goddess of fertility and childbirth, both before pregnancy and after birth until the child was at least one year old. They also believed that the god of childbirth would protect the fetus and the Korean woman from evil spirits during pregnancy, especially for the birth of a male child and to grant the child a long life after birth.
In this study, starting from the traditional Taegyo (태교) education method before pregnancy, the Gica Rituals (기자속) performed to have a baby were examined and birth customs (산속), and the concept of Conception Dreams (태몽), which is a belief that the sex of the baby is extraordinarily announced by dreams, was explained. Along with other customs practiced during pregnancy, other traditional customs such as The Hundredth Day (백일잔치) and the First Birthday Ceremony (Dolcançi-돌잔치), which are performed by making offerings to the gods for the health of the child after birth, have also been unearthed. In addition to these, symbols and objects that are important in birth menstruation were also explained and included in the study.
This study aims to reveal its important in Korean culture by examining Korea's beliefs and ritual activities regarding birth.

References

  • BAYIRLI, Ramazan (2019). “Antik Çağdan Milenyuma Doğum Felsefesi”, Türk Dünyası Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Yenidoğan Dergisi, S. 4 (2), s. 324-333.
  • CHANG, Jungho (2005). “A study on the antenatal training theory of <Taegyosingi> from the perspective of Confucian education”, Daedong Munhwa Yeongu, S. 50, s. 475-502.
  • CHANG, Jungho (2008). “A Comparative Study on the Antenatal Training Theory of the Traditional Chinese And Korean Society”, History of Education, S. 18(1), s. 59-82.
  • CHO, Heeyeon (2019). “A Comparative Study on Childbirth Custom in Korea and France”, The Study of Practice Folkloristics, S. 33, s. 277-317.
  • GWAK, Hwangji (2015). A study on the Rock-carved Buddha Triad of Sammaksa temple. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Seul: Graduate school of Ewha Womans University-Department of Art History.
  • HAN, Yangmyung (1999). “The Systematic Understanding on Birth Custom in Korea”, Asian Comparatıve Folklore, S. 16, s. 109-127.
  • HEOJUN (2014). Donguibogam 4, national translation. Seul: Hanbulhakye.
  • HUONG, Ho Thı Thu (2015). “A Comparative Study on Child-Birth Custom in South Korea and Vietnam”, Youngsan Journal of East Asian Cultural Studies, S. 21, s. 313-343.
  • JUNG, Yonhak (2011). “Rites of Passage -Focusing on the birth rites and the wedding rites-”, The Journal of Korean Historical-forklife, S. 37, s. 67-102.
  • KIM, Incu ve Jeon, Jungmi. (2012). “A Study on the Meaning of Childhood Education Through Exploring the Process of Change of Korean Custom of Childbirth”, Asian Journal of Education, S. 13(3), s. 203-232.
  • KIM, Joohee vd. (2006). “A Case Study on Korean birth customs during 1930s-40”, Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review, S. 10 (1), s. 17-32.
  • KIM, Yeongwan vd. (2012). “Handing down among people and aspects of application of ancient medical childbirth folklore of Korea - with focus on Dangun mythology–”. Journal of Koreanology, S. 10, s. 175-200.
  • KOVÁCS, Fajkuszne K. (2019). “Fertility rites and cults in the traditional Korean belief system”, Korean Ways of Diversity-Proceedings of the 4th Conference of Young Koreanist. Prag, C.4, s. 111-139
  • KÜÇÜK, Mehmet A. (2013). “Geleneksel Türk Dini’ndeki ‘Ana / Dişil Ruhlar’a Mitolojik Açıdan Bakış”, Iğdır Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, S. 1, s. 105-134.
  • LEE, Kyeonghwa (2009). “Understanding the Traditional Customs of Childbirth in Jeju”, Journal Of North-East Asıan Cultures, S. 18, s. 175-191.
  • LEE, Pilyoung (2001). “The History of the placenta burying ritual: Continuity and Change”, The Journal of Korean Historical-forklife, S. 13, s. 7-29.
  • MIN, Hayeong ve YU Anjin (2004). “Cross-Cultural Study on the Infant Rearing Practices in Young Mother- Grandmother Generations of Korea, Hong-Kong, and the United State”, The Korean Home Economics Association, S. 42 (4), s. 55-68.
  • MUN, Heesoo ve Choi, Euysoon. (2002). “A Study on the Cognition and Practice of the Delivered Woman and Her Husband for the Fetal Education”, KJWHN, S. 8 (4), s. 583-594.
  • NRICH (National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage). (1977). Korean Folk Research Report Book 8, Gangwon-do. DeJeon.
  • O, Chulse (1990). “Rites of Birth in the Classic Novel”, The Studies in Korean Literature, S. 13, s. 149-204.
  • SIM, Kyung Ho (2009). “Sajudang Lee's Life and Scholarship”, Korean Classical Woman Literature Studies, S. 18, s. 241-279.
  • YUN, Tehu (2017). “The Thought of Filial Piety in Gyenyeseo by Song, Si-Yeol”, Journal of Korean Hyo Studies, S. 25, s. 57-86.
  • URL-1 Cultureline. A Korean Lifetime Ritual - North Chungcheong Province. Cultureline Korea: https://www.cultureline.kr/webgear/board_pds/11314/[%207%20]%20옥천군.pdf adresinden alındı. (E.T.: 12.10.2023)
  • URL-2 Cultureline. A Korean Lifetime Ritual - North Chungcheong Province. Cultureline Korea: https://www.cultureline.kr/webgear/board_pds/11314/[%2013%20]%20청주시.pdf adresinden alındı (E.T.: 12.10.2023)
  • URL-3 SON İnsu. Taegyo. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture: https://encykorea.akac.kr/Article/E0058885 adresinden alındı. (E.T.: 12.10.2023)
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Asian Cultural Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hatice Köroğlu Türközü 0000-0002-3735-5652

Semra Er 0000-0001-5695-5752

Early Pub Date May 30, 2024
Publication Date May 31, 2024
Submission Date February 27, 2024
Acceptance Date May 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Köroğlu Türközü, H., & Er, S. (2024). Kore’de Doğumla İlgili Geleneksel İnançlar ve Ritüeller Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Uluslararası Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 100-120. https://doi.org/10.61729/uhad.1443678