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1857 Büyük Hint İsyanının İngilizlere Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 29 - 45, 26.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.588671

Abstract

1857 Büyük Hint isyanı İngilizlerin kolonilerin de karşılaştıkları en büyük isyan hareketi olarak İngiliz tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Hindistan İngilizler için doğunun zenginliklerini İngilizlere sunan bir kolonidir. Ülkeye ilk olarak ticari faaliyetler için gelen İngilizler büyük servetler elde etmişlerdi. Bu servet sayesinde İngiltere güçlü bir ülke haline gelmişti. Hindistan’da kurulan özel ordular da yüz binlerce Hintli maaşlı asker istihdam edilmiş ve ülke bu askerler sayesinde daha fazla sömürülmüştür. Hint halkı yıllar içinde birçok sebepten dolayı İngilizler’den şikâyet etmeye başlamıştır. Nihayetinde İngilizlerin dünya üzerindeki en güçlü döneminde gerçekleşen 1857 isyanı büyüklüğü ve binlerce İngiliz’in hayatına sebep olması açısından İngilizler üzerinde önemli etkiler bırakmıştır. Özellikle Kanpur’da masum İngiliz bayan ve çocukların öldürülmesi İngiliz toplumunda infiale sebep olmuştur. İngiliz halkı isyanı Hintlilerin bir özgürlük mücadelesi olarak görmemiştir. Hintli halkın İngilizlere karşı gelebilmesi bile toplum tarafından nefretle karşılanmıştır. Bundan dolayı çalışmamız 1857 isyanının İngilizler üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu sayede İngilizlerin bağımsızlık mücadelesi vermek için çabalayan Hint halkına bakış açısı da tam olarak ortaya konulabilecektir. İngiliz halkı ve yöneticileri yaşanan isyan hareketinden Hindistan’ı yöneten Doğu Hindistan şirketini sorumlu tutmuşlardır. Kraliçe adına ülkeyi yöneten şirketin yanlış politikaları sonucu Hintlilerin isyan ettiklerine inanılmıştır. Böylece 250 yıldır Hindistan’ı yöneten şirketin faaliyetlerine son verilme kararı alınmıştır. Bu çalışma İngiliz yetkililerin şirkete nasıl son verdiklerini ve Hindistan için nasıl bir yönetim yapılanmasına gittiklerini de ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma 1857 Hint isyanının İngilizler üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymakla birlikte koloni dönemi İngiliz-Hint tarihi çalışmaları içinde önem arz etmektedir. Gelecekte yapılacak İngiliz ve Hint tarihi çalışmalarının bir parçası olarak daha detaylı çalışmaların ortaya konulacağı düşünülmektedir. 

References

  • Annual Register (1857-1858). British Parliament Records. XCIX-C.
  • Argyll, G. D., Duke of (1906). Autobiography and Memoirs of George Douglas, Eighth Duke of Argyll, Dowager Duchess of Argyll, (Ed.). 2 vols. London: Murray Albermarle.
  • Ashley, E. (1876). Life of Lord Palmerston.London: Richard Bentley and Son.
  • Ball, C. (1858). The History of the Indian Mutiny. London: The London Printing and Publishing Company.
  • Barnes, G. F. (2007). Essential Histories: The Indian Mutiny 1857-58. New York: Osprey Publishing.
  • Bearce, G. D. (1961). British Attitudes towards India. 1784-1858. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Bengal Hurkaru (1841-1858). English Newspaper in India, 19 Kasım 1841, 11 Mayıs 1857, 28 Mayıs 1857, 12 Haziran 1857, 19 Haziran 1857, 15 Nisan 1858.
  • Blackwoods Magazine (1857). Weekly Magazine. Britain, London, Aralık 1857.
  • Blake, R. (1967). Disraeli. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Brantlinger, P. (1988). Rule of Darkness: British Literature and Imperialism, 1830-1914. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Connell, B. (1961). Victoria, Queen, Regina vs. Palmerston: The Correspondence between Queen Victoria and her Foreign and Prime Minister. 1837-1865. New York: Doubleday and Company Inc.
  • Dallas, G. M. (1891). Diary of George Mifflin Dallas. Susan Dallas (Ed.). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co.
  • Disraeli B. (1857). Parliament Speech. London. 27 July 1857.
  • Edinburg Review (1857-8). India-CVI, 1857 and The Second Derby Government-CVII.
  • English, B. (1994). The Kanpur Massacres in India in the Revolt of 1857. Past and Present, 142, 169-178.
  • Englishwoman’s Review (1857). London Newspaper. Britain, 19 September 1857.
  • Forrest, G. W. (1904-12). A History of the Indian Mutiny. 3 vols, Edinburgh: W. Blackwood. Government of India Act (1858). Government Records. BFSP, XLIX.
  • Gregg, H (1897). The Indian Mutiny in English Fiction.Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine 161, Feb, 218-231.
  • Hansard (1857). Parliamentary Debates: Earl of Ellenborough. 29 June 1857, Vol. CXLV, CXLVI, CXLVII, third series, London: Cornelius Buck.
  • Herbert, C. (2008). War of No Pity: The Indian Mutiny and Victorian Trauma. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Howe, S. (2010). Colonising and Exterminating? Memories of Imperial Violence in Britain and France. Histoire@Politique. Politique, culture, société, No: 11, mai-août.
  • Illustrated London News (1857-1947). Daily Newspaper. 4 Temmuz 1857, 22-29 Ağustos 1857, 5-26 Eylül 1857, 10-17 Ekim 1857, 16 Ağustos 1947. London, Britain.
  • Imlah, A. H. (1939). Lord Ellenborough: A Biography of Edward Law, Earl of Ellenborough, Governor General of India. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Kaye, John, W. (1864-1876). History of the Sepoy War. 3 Vols., 1864-1867, (Diffrent Ed.). Vols. I and II in 1870, III in 1876. London: W. H. Allen.
  • Longford, E. (1964). Queen Victoria. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Lothspeich, P. (2007). Unspeakable outrages and Unbearable Defilements: Rape Narratives in the literature of colonial India.International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, Postcolonial Text, Vol. 3, No 1.
  • McCarthy, J. (1901). History of Our Own Times from the Accession of Queen Victoria to the General Election of 1880. 3 vols., New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers.
  • Molesworth, W. N. (1873-1878). History of England from the Year 1830. 3 vols., London: Chapman and Hall.
  • Monypenny, W. F., and Buckle, G. E. (1916). The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, 6 vols., London: John Murray Albemarle.
  • Palmegiano, E. (1991). The Indian Mutiny in the Mid-Victorian Press. Journal of Newspaper and Periodical History 7. 3-11.
  • Parliamentary Debates (1857-1858). Great Britain. Parliament, third series, T. C. Hansard (Ed.). Vols. CXLV-CLI.
  • Quarterly Review (1858). Records. British India. XCXIV.
  • Randall, D. (2003). Autumn 1857: The Making of the Indian ‘Mutiny’. Victorian Literature and Culture 31.1, JSTOR, 3-17.
  • Shafeeq, S. (1970). British Reaction to the Sepoy Mutiny, 1857-1858. (Master Thesis). North Texas State University, Denton, Texas.
  • Times (1857-1930). British Newspaper in England. 28 Temmuz 1857, 7-8-26 Ağustos 1857; 1 Eylül 1857, 18 Şubat 1930. London.
  • Victoria Letters, Queen Victoria (1907). The Letters of Queen Victoria: A Selection from Her Majesty’s Correcpondence between the years 1837 and 1861, first series, Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Esher, 3 vols, London: John Murray.

Influence of the 1857 Great Indian Rebellion on the British

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 29 - 45, 26.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.588671

Abstract

1857 The Great Indian rebellion has an important place in British history as the biggest rebellion movement of the British in the colonies. India is a colony for the British who presents the riches of the east to the British. The British first came to the country for commercial activities and they had acquired great wealth. With this wealth, England had become a powerful country. Hundreds of thousands of Indian soldiers were employed in the special armies established in India and the country was further exploited by these soldiers. Over the years, the Indian people have begun to complain about the British for many reasons. In the end, the 1857 rebellion took place in the strongest period of the British history. Because thousands of British died, they had a significant impact on the British. The killing of innocent British women and children, especially in Kanpur, caused an infestation in British society. The British people did not see the revolt as a struggle for freedom by the Indians. Even the ability of the Indian people to oppose the British has been met with hatred by the society. Therefore, our study aimed to reveal the effects of the 1857 revolt on the British. In this way, the perspective of the British to the Indian people trying to the struggle for independence will be fully revealed. The British people and rulers held the Indian company which ruled India, responsible for the rebellion. It was believed that the Indians rebelled as a result of the wrong policies of the company that governed the country on behalf of the Queen. Thus, it was decided to put an end to the activities of the company governing India for 250 years. This study also reveals how the British authorities put an end to the company and what kind of management structure they had for India. This study revealed the impact of the 1857 Indian revolt on the British. In addition, this issue is important in the studies of British-Indian colony history. It is thought that more detailed studies will be presented as a part of future studies in English and Indian history.

References

  • Annual Register (1857-1858). British Parliament Records. XCIX-C.
  • Argyll, G. D., Duke of (1906). Autobiography and Memoirs of George Douglas, Eighth Duke of Argyll, Dowager Duchess of Argyll, (Ed.). 2 vols. London: Murray Albermarle.
  • Ashley, E. (1876). Life of Lord Palmerston.London: Richard Bentley and Son.
  • Ball, C. (1858). The History of the Indian Mutiny. London: The London Printing and Publishing Company.
  • Barnes, G. F. (2007). Essential Histories: The Indian Mutiny 1857-58. New York: Osprey Publishing.
  • Bearce, G. D. (1961). British Attitudes towards India. 1784-1858. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Bengal Hurkaru (1841-1858). English Newspaper in India, 19 Kasım 1841, 11 Mayıs 1857, 28 Mayıs 1857, 12 Haziran 1857, 19 Haziran 1857, 15 Nisan 1858.
  • Blackwoods Magazine (1857). Weekly Magazine. Britain, London, Aralık 1857.
  • Blake, R. (1967). Disraeli. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Brantlinger, P. (1988). Rule of Darkness: British Literature and Imperialism, 1830-1914. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Connell, B. (1961). Victoria, Queen, Regina vs. Palmerston: The Correspondence between Queen Victoria and her Foreign and Prime Minister. 1837-1865. New York: Doubleday and Company Inc.
  • Dallas, G. M. (1891). Diary of George Mifflin Dallas. Susan Dallas (Ed.). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co.
  • Disraeli B. (1857). Parliament Speech. London. 27 July 1857.
  • Edinburg Review (1857-8). India-CVI, 1857 and The Second Derby Government-CVII.
  • English, B. (1994). The Kanpur Massacres in India in the Revolt of 1857. Past and Present, 142, 169-178.
  • Englishwoman’s Review (1857). London Newspaper. Britain, 19 September 1857.
  • Forrest, G. W. (1904-12). A History of the Indian Mutiny. 3 vols, Edinburgh: W. Blackwood. Government of India Act (1858). Government Records. BFSP, XLIX.
  • Gregg, H (1897). The Indian Mutiny in English Fiction.Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine 161, Feb, 218-231.
  • Hansard (1857). Parliamentary Debates: Earl of Ellenborough. 29 June 1857, Vol. CXLV, CXLVI, CXLVII, third series, London: Cornelius Buck.
  • Herbert, C. (2008). War of No Pity: The Indian Mutiny and Victorian Trauma. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Howe, S. (2010). Colonising and Exterminating? Memories of Imperial Violence in Britain and France. Histoire@Politique. Politique, culture, société, No: 11, mai-août.
  • Illustrated London News (1857-1947). Daily Newspaper. 4 Temmuz 1857, 22-29 Ağustos 1857, 5-26 Eylül 1857, 10-17 Ekim 1857, 16 Ağustos 1947. London, Britain.
  • Imlah, A. H. (1939). Lord Ellenborough: A Biography of Edward Law, Earl of Ellenborough, Governor General of India. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Kaye, John, W. (1864-1876). History of the Sepoy War. 3 Vols., 1864-1867, (Diffrent Ed.). Vols. I and II in 1870, III in 1876. London: W. H. Allen.
  • Longford, E. (1964). Queen Victoria. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Lothspeich, P. (2007). Unspeakable outrages and Unbearable Defilements: Rape Narratives in the literature of colonial India.International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, Postcolonial Text, Vol. 3, No 1.
  • McCarthy, J. (1901). History of Our Own Times from the Accession of Queen Victoria to the General Election of 1880. 3 vols., New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers.
  • Molesworth, W. N. (1873-1878). History of England from the Year 1830. 3 vols., London: Chapman and Hall.
  • Monypenny, W. F., and Buckle, G. E. (1916). The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, 6 vols., London: John Murray Albemarle.
  • Palmegiano, E. (1991). The Indian Mutiny in the Mid-Victorian Press. Journal of Newspaper and Periodical History 7. 3-11.
  • Parliamentary Debates (1857-1858). Great Britain. Parliament, third series, T. C. Hansard (Ed.). Vols. CXLV-CLI.
  • Quarterly Review (1858). Records. British India. XCXIV.
  • Randall, D. (2003). Autumn 1857: The Making of the Indian ‘Mutiny’. Victorian Literature and Culture 31.1, JSTOR, 3-17.
  • Shafeeq, S. (1970). British Reaction to the Sepoy Mutiny, 1857-1858. (Master Thesis). North Texas State University, Denton, Texas.
  • Times (1857-1930). British Newspaper in England. 28 Temmuz 1857, 7-8-26 Ağustos 1857; 1 Eylül 1857, 18 Şubat 1930. London.
  • Victoria Letters, Queen Victoria (1907). The Letters of Queen Victoria: A Selection from Her Majesty’s Correcpondence between the years 1837 and 1861, first series, Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Esher, 3 vols, London: John Murray.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hüseyin Günarslan 0000-0002-7276-7476

Publication Date June 26, 2020
Submission Date July 8, 2019
Acceptance Date April 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Günarslan, H. (2020). 1857 Büyük Hint İsyanının İngilizlere Etkisi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(5), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.588671
AMA Günarslan H. 1857 Büyük Hint İsyanının İngilizlere Etkisi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. June 2020;3(5):29-45. doi:10.35235/uicd.588671
Chicago Günarslan, Hüseyin. “1857 Büyük Hint İsyanının İngilizlere Etkisi”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 3, no. 5 (June 2020): 29-45. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.588671.
EndNote Günarslan H (June 1, 2020) 1857 Büyük Hint İsyanının İngilizlere Etkisi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 3 5 29–45.
IEEE H. Günarslan, “1857 Büyük Hint İsyanının İngilizlere Etkisi”, Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 29–45, 2020, doi: 10.35235/uicd.588671.
ISNAD Günarslan, Hüseyin. “1857 Büyük Hint İsyanının İngilizlere Etkisi”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 3/5 (June 2020), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.588671.
JAMA Günarslan H. 1857 Büyük Hint İsyanının İngilizlere Etkisi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2020;3:29–45.
MLA Günarslan, Hüseyin. “1857 Büyük Hint İsyanının İngilizlere Etkisi”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 5, 2020, pp. 29-45, doi:10.35235/uicd.588671.
Vancouver Günarslan H. 1857 Büyük Hint İsyanının İngilizlere Etkisi. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2020;3(5):29-45.

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