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AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI EKSENİNDE TERÖRİZM VE RADİKALİZASYONLA MÜCADELE: AZERBAYCAN VE TUNUS İNCELEMESİ

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 1 - 29, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.51763/uid.1702138

Abstract

The beginning of the 21st century has seen a global rise in radicalization, extremism and terrorism. The European Union (EU), together with its eastern and southern neighboring countries, has been directly affected by this phenomenon.
States, societies and institutions have been largely unprepared for this development and how to deal with it. Strategic approaches and solutions against terrorism and all forms of radicalization are an absolute necessity for the European Union and its neighbouring countries, which are becoming increasingly vulnerable. Due to its multidimensional nature, encompassing socio-economic, cultural, security and foreign policy aspects, addressing the causes and effects of radicalization and terrorism should be a policy priority for the EU for the foreseeable future, both domestically and in relations. In this article, the EU’s policies in the context of countering violent extremism and radicalization will be examined through the cases of Tunisia and Azerbaijan. It will also provide a set of conclusions and policy recommendations on how to improve the policies to prevent radicalization leading to counter-terrorism in these countries and how the EU can better support them through the work of its delegations.

References

  • “Avrupa Komisyonu: Tunus”, https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/european neighbourhood-policy/countries-region/tunisia_en, (08.11.2022).
  • “Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti’nin Dini Aşırıcılıkla Mücadele Yasası”, 2, 27-VQ - Dini ekstremizmə qarşı mübarizə haqqında, e-qanun.az, (31.10.2022).
  • “Azerbaycan Tarihi”, Tarih, culture.gov.az, (01.11.2022).
  • “Barselona Süreci: Akdeniz için Birlik”, EUR-Lex - rx0001 - TR - EUR-Lex, europa.eu, (05.11.2022).
  • “Counter-terrorism strategy, (Terörle mücadele stratejisi)”, europa.eu, (01.11.2022).
  • “Dini güvenlik, ulusal güvenliğin bir parçasıdır” (2015), Zaman Gazetesi, anl.az/down/meqale/zaman/2015/mart/426816.htm, (21.10.2022).
  • “Doğu Ortaklığı - Avrupa Komşuluğu - Avrupa Komisyonu”, europa.eu. “Dünya Bankası ve AB’nin Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası”, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası (ENP), worldbank.org, (30.10.2022).
  • “Dünya Bankası ve AB’nin Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası”, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası (ENP), worldbank.org, (30.10.2022).
  • “Radicalization, Terrorism and Deradicalization: Perspectives from Azerbaijan” (2020), 1595512334E Conference Proceedings_18 June 2020.pdf (ada.edu.az), (31.10.2022).
  • “Relations between Azerbaijan and European Union”, Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, mfa.gov.az, (01.11.2022).
  • “Tunus binlerce İslam Devleti savaşçısının geri dönüşüne hazır mı?”, https://www.al monitor.com/originals/2016/06/tunisia-return-of-islamic-state-members-syria iraq.html#ixzz7jxzjIWzw, (07.11.2022).
  • Amnesty International (2017) “We Want an End to the Fear: Abuses under Tunisia’s State of Emergency”, London: Amnesty International, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde30/4911/2017/en/, (18.05.2025).
  • Avrupa Birliği (2005), “Avrupa Birliği Terörle Mücadele Stratejisi”, Brüksel: Avrupa Birliği Müzesi, https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST%2014469%202005%20REV%204/EN/pdf, (29.10.2022).
  • Avrupa Birliği (2014), “Radikalleşmeyle Mücadele ve Terörizm İstihdam için Gözden Geçirilmiş AB Stratejisi “, Brüksel: Avrupa Birliği Müzesi, europa.eu, (29.10.2022).
  • Avrupa Birliği (2017), “AB Dış Eylemine ilişkin Konsey Kararları “, Brüksel: Avrupa Birliği Müzesi, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/23999/st10384en17-conclusions-on-eu-external-action-on counter-terrorism.pdf, (29.10.2022).
  • Avrupa Parlamentosu (2015) “Dini Köktencilik ve Radikalizm”, Brifing.
  • Aydın Düzgit, S. (2009) “Avrupa Birliği’ne Giriş Tarih, Kurumlar Ve Politikalar - Avrupa Birliği Genişlemesi ve Komşuluk Politikası” Kaya vd. (ed). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1. Baskı, İstanbul.
  • Ballı, E. ve Güreşçi Pehlivan, G. (2013) “Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası’nın Ülkeler Üzerindeki Ekonomik Etkileri” International Conference On Eurasian Economies, 518-523. https://www.avekon.org/papers/777.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • Boubekeur, A. (2017) “Islamists, Secularists and Old Regime Elites in Tunisia: Bargained Competition”, Mediterranean Politics, 22(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2016.1230948
  • Campagna, J. (2009) “Tunisia Report: The Smiling Oppressor”, New York: Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), https://cpj.org/reports/2008/09/tunisia-oppression/, (18.05.2025).
  • Ceza Adaleti Standartları ve Hedefleri Ulusal Danışma Komitesi (1976) “Hastalıklar ve Terörizm”, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/39469NCJRS.pdf, (31.10.2022).
  • Dalgaard-Nielsen, A. (2022) “Preventing Violent Extremism: A Revised Framework for International Donor
  • Engagement”, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 45(11), 983-1005. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1759263
  • Demir, H. (2016) “Radikal Selefi hareketler ve terör örgütleri: Kavram ve teorik çerçeve”, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Demir, H. (2017) “Yabancı savaşçılar ve homegrown teröristler: Kavramsal ve teorik bir çerçeve”, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14(54), 109-130.
  • Demir, H. (2018) “Şiddeti anlamada engel bir söylem: Ortodoks yöntem ve Haricilik ruhu”, İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, (39), 29-52.
  • Dworkin, A. ve El Malk, F. Z. (2018) “The Southern Front Line: EU Counter terrorism Cooperation with Tunisia and Morocco”, Policy Brief, London: European Council on Foreign Relations, 1-37. https://ecfr.eu/wp-content/uploads/the_southern_front_line_eu_counter_terrorism_cooperation.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • European Commission. (2023) “Joint Staff Working Document: Report on the implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in Azerbaijan in 2022”. SWD(2023) 85 final. https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-05/SWD_2023_85_final_report_az.pdf
  • European Commission. (2023) “Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation” Instrument (NDICI) – ‘Global Europe’ Programming: Azerbaijan Multiannual Indicative Programme 2021-2027. https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-06/01-06-2023-mip-2021-2027-azerbaijan-adopted_en.pdf
  • European External Action Service (2017) “Second high level political dialogue on ‘security and counter terrorism’: European Union and Tunisia renew their cooperation”, Press Release, Second high level political dialogue on ‘security and counter-terrorism’: European Union and Tunisia renew their cooperation | EEAS Website, europa.eu, (07.11.2022).
  • European Union External Action Service (EU Delegation to Tunisia). (2022) “Action Document for the Support Programme to Justice Reform in Tunisia” – AP-JUST. https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/file/132280/download?token=...
  • Fahmi, G. ve Hamza M. (2015) “Market for Jihad: Radicalization in Tunisia”, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Middle East Center. Mejri, Walid.
  • Gahramanova, A. (2020) “Azerbaijan’s Security Policy and the Challenges of the South Caucasus”, Caucasus Survey, 8(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761199.2019.1705770
  • Haxholli, F. (2018) “Avrupa’nın Komşularında Terörizm Ve Radikalizasyonla Mücadele: Ab Çabalarının Ölçeklendirilmesi”, Avrupa Politika Merkezi, 39-45.
  • Hoffman, B. (1998) “İç Terör”, The New York Times,
  • https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hoffman-terrorism.html, (20.10.2022).
  • International Crisis Group (2013) “Tunisia: Violence and the Salafi Challenge”, Middle East and North Africa Report, 137: https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/tunisia-violence-and-the-salafi-challenge.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • International Crisis Group (2013) “Tunisia’s Borders: Jihadism and Contraband”, Middle East and North Africa
  • Report, 148: 1-33. https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/tunisia-s-borders-jihadism-and-contraband.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • International Crisis Group (2016), “Jihadist Violence in Tunisia: The Urgent Need for a National Strategy”, Middle East and North Africa Briefing, Brussels: International Crisis Group (ICG), 50: 1-18.
  • https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/jihadist-violence-in-tunisia-the-urgent-need-for-a-national-strategy.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • International Crisis Group (ICG). (2022) “Tunisia’s Crisis: A Last Chance for Stability? Middle East & North Africa Report N°233”, https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/north-africa/tunisia/233-tunisias-crisis-last-chance-stability
  • International Republican Institute (2016) “Understanding Local Drivers of Violent Extremism in Tunisia”, Washington, D.C.: Centre for Survey in Survey Research, International Republican Institute, https://www.iri.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/beja_report_winter_2016.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • Karabel, S. (2016) “Avrupa Birliği’nin 2016 Güvenlik Strateji Belgesi”, Bilgesam, Analiz/Avrupa, 1308: 1-9. https://www.scribd.com/document/656511972/AB-Strateji, (18.05.2025).
  • Knop, A. (2021) “The Radical System in the Hebrew Bible”, Academic & Scientific Publishers, 129-151. Lutterbeck, D. (2015) “Tool of rule: the Tunisian police under Ben Ali”, The Journal of North African Studies, 20(15): 813 831.
  • Önal, B. (2022) “Terörizm ve Yalnız Kurtlar”, 1. b., Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler Yayıncılık.
  • Öztekin, Y. S. (2019) “Avrupa Birliği Ve Ukrayna Krizi: Neo-Realist Bir Eleştiri”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Parker, T. ve Sitter, N. (2016) “The Four Horsemen of Terrorism: It’s Not Waves, It’s Strains”, 28(2):197-216,
  • https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09546553.2015.1112277?needAccess=true, (20.10.2022).
  • Rapoport, D. C. (2008) “Before the Bombs There Were the Mobs: American Experiences with Terror 1”,20(2):167-194, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09546550701856045?needAccess=true
  • Ratka, E. ve Roux, M. C. (2016) “Jihad instead of Democracy? Tunisia’s Marginalised Youth and Islamist Terrorism”, The Globalisation of Terrorism, Berlin: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 1: 68-74.
  • Temmerman, J. (ed) (2021) “Religious Radicalism Demarcations and Challenges”, Academic & Scientific Publishers
  • Torelli, S. M. (2013) “Meeting the Jihad Challenge in Tunisia: The Military and Political Response”, Terrorism Monitor, Washington, D.C.: The Jamestown Foundation, 11(17): 5-7.
  • Torelli, S. M. (2013) “Tunisia’s Elusive Jihadist Network”, Terrorism Monitor, Washington, D.C.: The Jamestown Foundation, 11(12): 4-6.
  • Torelli, S. M. (2016) “Ben Guerdane Saldırısı ve Tunus’un Terörle Mücadelesi”, Washington DC: Jamestown Vakfı, 14(6).
  • Torelli, S. M. (2018) “Avrupa’nın Komşularında Terörizm Ve Radikalizasyonla Mücadele: Ab Çabalarının Ölçeklendirilmesi”, Avrupa Politika Merkezi, 15-25.
  • Watanabe, L. (2018), “Preventing Violent Extremism in Tunisia”, in Policy Perspectives, Zurich: Center for Security Studies, 6(3): 1-4.

COMBATING TERRORISM AND RADICALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN NEIGHBORHOOD POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF AZERBAIJAN AND TUNISIA

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 1 - 29, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.51763/uid.1702138

Abstract

The beginning of the 21st century has seen a global rise in radicalization, extremism and terrorism. The European Union (EU), together with its eastern and southern neighboring countries, has been directly affected by this phenomenon.
States, societies and institutions have been largely unprepared for this development and how to deal with it. Strategic approaches and solutions against terrorism and all forms of radicalization are an absolute necessity for the European Union and its neighbouring countries, which are becoming increasingly vulnerable. Due to its multidimensional nature, encompassing socio-economic, cultural, security and foreign policy aspects, addressing the causes and effects of radicalization and terrorism should be a policy priority for the EU for the foreseeable future, both domestically and in relations. In this article, the EU’s policies in the context of countering violent extremism and radicalization will be examined through the cases of Tunisia and Azerbaijan. It will also provide a set of conclusions and policy recommendations on how to improve the policies to prevent radicalization leading to counter-terrorism in these countries and how the EU can better support them through the work of its delegation.

References

  • “Avrupa Komisyonu: Tunus”, https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/european neighbourhood-policy/countries-region/tunisia_en, (08.11.2022).
  • “Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti’nin Dini Aşırıcılıkla Mücadele Yasası”, 2, 27-VQ - Dini ekstremizmə qarşı mübarizə haqqında, e-qanun.az, (31.10.2022).
  • “Azerbaycan Tarihi”, Tarih, culture.gov.az, (01.11.2022).
  • “Barselona Süreci: Akdeniz için Birlik”, EUR-Lex - rx0001 - TR - EUR-Lex, europa.eu, (05.11.2022).
  • “Counter-terrorism strategy, (Terörle mücadele stratejisi)”, europa.eu, (01.11.2022).
  • “Dini güvenlik, ulusal güvenliğin bir parçasıdır” (2015), Zaman Gazetesi, anl.az/down/meqale/zaman/2015/mart/426816.htm, (21.10.2022).
  • “Doğu Ortaklığı - Avrupa Komşuluğu - Avrupa Komisyonu”, europa.eu. “Dünya Bankası ve AB’nin Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası”, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası (ENP), worldbank.org, (30.10.2022).
  • “Dünya Bankası ve AB’nin Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası”, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası (ENP), worldbank.org, (30.10.2022).
  • “Radicalization, Terrorism and Deradicalization: Perspectives from Azerbaijan” (2020), 1595512334E Conference Proceedings_18 June 2020.pdf (ada.edu.az), (31.10.2022).
  • “Relations between Azerbaijan and European Union”, Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, mfa.gov.az, (01.11.2022).
  • “Tunus binlerce İslam Devleti savaşçısının geri dönüşüne hazır mı?”, https://www.al monitor.com/originals/2016/06/tunisia-return-of-islamic-state-members-syria iraq.html#ixzz7jxzjIWzw, (07.11.2022).
  • Amnesty International (2017) “We Want an End to the Fear: Abuses under Tunisia’s State of Emergency”, London: Amnesty International, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde30/4911/2017/en/, (18.05.2025).
  • Avrupa Birliği (2005), “Avrupa Birliği Terörle Mücadele Stratejisi”, Brüksel: Avrupa Birliği Müzesi, https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST%2014469%202005%20REV%204/EN/pdf, (29.10.2022).
  • Avrupa Birliği (2014), “Radikalleşmeyle Mücadele ve Terörizm İstihdam için Gözden Geçirilmiş AB Stratejisi “, Brüksel: Avrupa Birliği Müzesi, europa.eu, (29.10.2022).
  • Avrupa Birliği (2017), “AB Dış Eylemine ilişkin Konsey Kararları “, Brüksel: Avrupa Birliği Müzesi, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/23999/st10384en17-conclusions-on-eu-external-action-on counter-terrorism.pdf, (29.10.2022).
  • Avrupa Parlamentosu (2015) “Dini Köktencilik ve Radikalizm”, Brifing.
  • Aydın Düzgit, S. (2009) “Avrupa Birliği’ne Giriş Tarih, Kurumlar Ve Politikalar - Avrupa Birliği Genişlemesi ve Komşuluk Politikası” Kaya vd. (ed). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 1. Baskı, İstanbul.
  • Ballı, E. ve Güreşçi Pehlivan, G. (2013) “Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası’nın Ülkeler Üzerindeki Ekonomik Etkileri” International Conference On Eurasian Economies, 518-523. https://www.avekon.org/papers/777.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • Boubekeur, A. (2017) “Islamists, Secularists and Old Regime Elites in Tunisia: Bargained Competition”, Mediterranean Politics, 22(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2016.1230948
  • Campagna, J. (2009) “Tunisia Report: The Smiling Oppressor”, New York: Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), https://cpj.org/reports/2008/09/tunisia-oppression/, (18.05.2025).
  • Ceza Adaleti Standartları ve Hedefleri Ulusal Danışma Komitesi (1976) “Hastalıklar ve Terörizm”, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/39469NCJRS.pdf, (31.10.2022).
  • Dalgaard-Nielsen, A. (2022) “Preventing Violent Extremism: A Revised Framework for International Donor
  • Engagement”, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 45(11), 983-1005. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1759263
  • Demir, H. (2016) “Radikal Selefi hareketler ve terör örgütleri: Kavram ve teorik çerçeve”, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Demir, H. (2017) “Yabancı savaşçılar ve homegrown teröristler: Kavramsal ve teorik bir çerçeve”, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14(54), 109-130.
  • Demir, H. (2018) “Şiddeti anlamada engel bir söylem: Ortodoks yöntem ve Haricilik ruhu”, İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, (39), 29-52.
  • Dworkin, A. ve El Malk, F. Z. (2018) “The Southern Front Line: EU Counter terrorism Cooperation with Tunisia and Morocco”, Policy Brief, London: European Council on Foreign Relations, 1-37. https://ecfr.eu/wp-content/uploads/the_southern_front_line_eu_counter_terrorism_cooperation.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • European Commission. (2023) “Joint Staff Working Document: Report on the implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in Azerbaijan in 2022”. SWD(2023) 85 final. https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-05/SWD_2023_85_final_report_az.pdf
  • European Commission. (2023) “Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation” Instrument (NDICI) – ‘Global Europe’ Programming: Azerbaijan Multiannual Indicative Programme 2021-2027. https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-06/01-06-2023-mip-2021-2027-azerbaijan-adopted_en.pdf
  • European External Action Service (2017) “Second high level political dialogue on ‘security and counter terrorism’: European Union and Tunisia renew their cooperation”, Press Release, Second high level political dialogue on ‘security and counter-terrorism’: European Union and Tunisia renew their cooperation | EEAS Website, europa.eu, (07.11.2022).
  • European Union External Action Service (EU Delegation to Tunisia). (2022) “Action Document for the Support Programme to Justice Reform in Tunisia” – AP-JUST. https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/file/132280/download?token=...
  • Fahmi, G. ve Hamza M. (2015) “Market for Jihad: Radicalization in Tunisia”, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Middle East Center. Mejri, Walid.
  • Gahramanova, A. (2020) “Azerbaijan’s Security Policy and the Challenges of the South Caucasus”, Caucasus Survey, 8(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761199.2019.1705770
  • Haxholli, F. (2018) “Avrupa’nın Komşularında Terörizm Ve Radikalizasyonla Mücadele: Ab Çabalarının Ölçeklendirilmesi”, Avrupa Politika Merkezi, 39-45.
  • Hoffman, B. (1998) “İç Terör”, The New York Times,
  • https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hoffman-terrorism.html, (20.10.2022).
  • International Crisis Group (2013) “Tunisia: Violence and the Salafi Challenge”, Middle East and North Africa Report, 137: https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/tunisia-violence-and-the-salafi-challenge.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • International Crisis Group (2013) “Tunisia’s Borders: Jihadism and Contraband”, Middle East and North Africa
  • Report, 148: 1-33. https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/tunisia-s-borders-jihadism-and-contraband.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • International Crisis Group (2016), “Jihadist Violence in Tunisia: The Urgent Need for a National Strategy”, Middle East and North Africa Briefing, Brussels: International Crisis Group (ICG), 50: 1-18.
  • https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/jihadist-violence-in-tunisia-the-urgent-need-for-a-national-strategy.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • International Crisis Group (ICG). (2022) “Tunisia’s Crisis: A Last Chance for Stability? Middle East & North Africa Report N°233”, https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/north-africa/tunisia/233-tunisias-crisis-last-chance-stability
  • International Republican Institute (2016) “Understanding Local Drivers of Violent Extremism in Tunisia”, Washington, D.C.: Centre for Survey in Survey Research, International Republican Institute, https://www.iri.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/beja_report_winter_2016.pdf, (18.05.2025).
  • Karabel, S. (2016) “Avrupa Birliği’nin 2016 Güvenlik Strateji Belgesi”, Bilgesam, Analiz/Avrupa, 1308: 1-9. https://www.scribd.com/document/656511972/AB-Strateji, (18.05.2025).
  • Knop, A. (2021) “The Radical System in the Hebrew Bible”, Academic & Scientific Publishers, 129-151. Lutterbeck, D. (2015) “Tool of rule: the Tunisian police under Ben Ali”, The Journal of North African Studies, 20(15): 813 831.
  • Önal, B. (2022) “Terörizm ve Yalnız Kurtlar”, 1. b., Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Eserler Yayıncılık.
  • Öztekin, Y. S. (2019) “Avrupa Birliği Ve Ukrayna Krizi: Neo-Realist Bir Eleştiri”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Parker, T. ve Sitter, N. (2016) “The Four Horsemen of Terrorism: It’s Not Waves, It’s Strains”, 28(2):197-216,
  • https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09546553.2015.1112277?needAccess=true, (20.10.2022).
  • Rapoport, D. C. (2008) “Before the Bombs There Were the Mobs: American Experiences with Terror 1”,20(2):167-194, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09546550701856045?needAccess=true
  • Ratka, E. ve Roux, M. C. (2016) “Jihad instead of Democracy? Tunisia’s Marginalised Youth and Islamist Terrorism”, The Globalisation of Terrorism, Berlin: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 1: 68-74.
  • Temmerman, J. (ed) (2021) “Religious Radicalism Demarcations and Challenges”, Academic & Scientific Publishers
  • Torelli, S. M. (2013) “Meeting the Jihad Challenge in Tunisia: The Military and Political Response”, Terrorism Monitor, Washington, D.C.: The Jamestown Foundation, 11(17): 5-7.
  • Torelli, S. M. (2013) “Tunisia’s Elusive Jihadist Network”, Terrorism Monitor, Washington, D.C.: The Jamestown Foundation, 11(12): 4-6.
  • Torelli, S. M. (2016) “Ben Guerdane Saldırısı ve Tunus’un Terörle Mücadelesi”, Washington DC: Jamestown Vakfı, 14(6).
  • Torelli, S. M. (2018) “Avrupa’nın Komşularında Terörizm Ve Radikalizasyonla Mücadele: Ab Çabalarının Ölçeklendirilmesi”, Avrupa Politika Merkezi, 15-25.
  • Watanabe, L. (2018), “Preventing Violent Extremism in Tunisia”, in Policy Perspectives, Zurich: Center for Security Studies, 6(3): 1-4.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Terrorism in International Relations
Journal Section Review
Authors

Aybüke Burcu Er 0000-0002-5792-3928

Submission Date May 20, 2025
Acceptance Date July 4, 2025
Publication Date December 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Er, A. B. (2025). AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI EKSENİNDE TERÖRİZM VE RADİKALİZASYONLA MÜCADELE: AZERBAYCAN VE TUNUS İNCELEMESİ. Uluslararası İlişkiler Ve Diplomasi, 8(2), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.51763/uid.1702138
AMA Er AB. AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI EKSENİNDE TERÖRİZM VE RADİKALİZASYONLA MÜCADELE: AZERBAYCAN VE TUNUS İNCELEMESİ. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi. December 2025;8(2):1-29. doi:10.51763/uid.1702138
Chicago Er, Aybüke Burcu. “AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI EKSENİNDE TERÖRİZM VE RADİKALİZASYONLA MÜCADELE: AZERBAYCAN VE TUNUS İNCELEMESİ”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Ve Diplomasi 8, no. 2 (December 2025): 1-29. https://doi.org/10.51763/uid.1702138.
EndNote Er AB (December 1, 2025) AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI EKSENİNDE TERÖRİZM VE RADİKALİZASYONLA MÜCADELE: AZERBAYCAN VE TUNUS İNCELEMESİ. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi 8 2 1–29.
IEEE A. B. Er, “AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI EKSENİNDE TERÖRİZM VE RADİKALİZASYONLA MÜCADELE: AZERBAYCAN VE TUNUS İNCELEMESİ”, Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1–29, 2025, doi: 10.51763/uid.1702138.
ISNAD Er, Aybüke Burcu. “AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI EKSENİNDE TERÖRİZM VE RADİKALİZASYONLA MÜCADELE: AZERBAYCAN VE TUNUS İNCELEMESİ”. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi 8/2 (December2025), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.51763/uid.1702138.
JAMA Er AB. AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI EKSENİNDE TERÖRİZM VE RADİKALİZASYONLA MÜCADELE: AZERBAYCAN VE TUNUS İNCELEMESİ. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi. 2025;8:1–29.
MLA Er, Aybüke Burcu. “AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI EKSENİNDE TERÖRİZM VE RADİKALİZASYONLA MÜCADELE: AZERBAYCAN VE TUNUS İNCELEMESİ”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Ve Diplomasi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2025, pp. 1-29, doi:10.51763/uid.1702138.
Vancouver Er AB. AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI EKSENİNDE TERÖRİZM VE RADİKALİZASYONLA MÜCADELE: AZERBAYCAN VE TUNUS İNCELEMESİ. Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi. 2025;8(2):1-29.