AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN GÖÇ VE SIĞINMA POLİTİKASINDA İNSAN GÜVENLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMI

Abstract

Bu makale, 1990’lardan itibaren Avrupa Birliği’nin ortak bir göç ve sığınma politikası geliştirme çabalarını, insan güvenliği perspektifinden incelemektedir. Nitel içerik analizi yöntemini kullanan çalışma, resmi AB dokümanlarını temel almaktadır. Araştırma, göçmenlerin ve sığınmacıların hakları ile AB’nin stratejik çıkarları arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktadır. Schengen Bölgesi’nin oluşumundan Tampere Sonuçları’na ve yakın tarihli Göç ve Sığınma Paktı’na kadar uzanan süreçte AB, üçüncü ülkelerle iş birliğini, geri dönüş sisteminin etkinliğini ve dış sınırların kontrolünü giderek daha fazla ön plana çıkarmıştır. Ortak Avrupa Sığınma Sistemi kapsamında koruma, yeniden yerleştirme ve ortak prosedürler gibi yasal gelişmeler ilerleme anlamına gelse de, göç kontrolünün dışsallaştırılması ve sınır güvenliğinin güçlendirilmesi, insan güvenliği ilkeleriyle sıklıkla çelişmektedir. Makale, göçün güvenlik meselesi olarak çerçevelenmesinin AB düzeyinde politika uyumunu kolaylaştırdığını; ancak bu güvenlik odaklı yaklaşımın, göçmenlerin haklarını ve güvenliğini arka plana ittiğini savunmaktadır.

Keywords

• İnsan Güvenliği
• Koruma
• Göç ve Sığınma Politikası
• Sınır Kontrolü

HUMAN SECURITY APPROACH IN MIGRATION AND ASYLUM POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

Abstract

This article examines the European Union’s efforts to develop a common policy on migration and asylum since the 1990s from a human security perspective. Using qualitative content analysis, it examines official EU documents. The study highlights the complex relationship between the rights of migrants and asylum seekers and the EU’s strategic interests. From the formation of the Schengen Area to the Tampere Conclusions and the recent Migration and Asylum Pact, the EU has increasingly emphasized cooperation with third countries, the effectiveness of the return system, and external border control. Although legal developments under the Common European Asylum System—such as protection, resettlement, and common procedures—represent progress, the externalization of migration control and strengthened border security often clash with human security principles. The article argues that framing migration as a security issue has facilitated policy harmonization at the EU level; however, this security-oriented approach has also led to the marginalization of migrants’ rights and security.

Keywords

• Human Security
• Protection
• Migration and Asylum
• Border Control

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