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Politicization, Ratification of International Agreements, and Domestic Political Competition in Non-Democracies: The Case of Iran and the Paris Climate Accords

Year 2024, , 5 - 25, 14.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1406808

Abstract

While some degree of competition is present in many authoritarian regimes, the implications of such controlled competition on international issues have not received much consideration, including towards international environmental accords. We attempt to rectify this through a framework where we focus on internal political competition in a hybrid, nondemocratic system where national elections are held regularly. Specifically, we argue that the presence of multiple actors competing in elections in nondemocratic settings results in them assuming positions on various issues, justifying their positions, and attempting to mobilize their supporters with considerable implications for international environmental policies. We display our argument in the context of Iranian debates on the ratification of the Paris Climate Accords. Our findings demonstrate that the competing Iranian sides rely on different justifications for their environmental positions, resulting in extensive (negative) competitions of rhetoric where the international dimension emerges as an important feature in the internal competition. Overall, we show that political competition within non-democracies is likely to add to the complexity of international (environmental) negotiations and cooperation.

References

  • Abdollahi, Mohsen. 2021. Economic Sanctions and Effectiveness of the Global Climate Change Regime. In Climate Change Law and Policy in the Middle East and North Africa Region, ed. Damilola Olawuyi. London, Routledge: 1191-1136.

Politicization, Ratification of International Agreements, and Domestic Political Competition in Non-Democracies: The Case of Iran and the Paris Climate Accords

Year 2024, , 5 - 25, 14.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1406808

Abstract

While some degree of competition is present in many authoritarian regimes, the implications of such controlled competition on international issues have not received much consideration, including towards international environmental accords. We attempt to rectify this through a framework where we focus on internal political competition in a hybrid, nondemocratic system where national elections are held regularly. Specifically, we argue that the presence of multiple actors competing in elections in nondemocratic settings results in them assuming positions on various issues, justifying their positions, and attempting to mobilize their supporters with considerable implications for international environmental policies. We display our argument in the context of Iranian debates on the ratification of the Paris Climate Accords. Our findings demonstrate that the competing Iranian sides rely on different justifications for their environmental positions, resulting in extensive (negative) competitions of rhetoric where the international dimension emerges as an important feature in the internal competition. Overall, we show that political competition within non-democracies is likely to add to the complexity of international (environmental) negotiations and cooperation.

References

  • Abdollahi, Mohsen. 2021. Economic Sanctions and Effectiveness of the Global Climate Change Regime. In Climate Change Law and Policy in the Middle East and North Africa Region, ed. Damilola Olawuyi. London, Routledge: 1191-1136.
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Constitutional and Political Theories
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Reşat Bayer

Bıjan Tafazzolı 0000-0002-1424-0000

Early Pub Date December 21, 2023
Publication Date March 14, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Bayer, R., & Tafazzolı, B. (2024). Politicization, Ratification of International Agreements, and Domestic Political Competition in Non-Democracies: The Case of Iran and the Paris Climate Accords. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 21(81), 5-25. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1406808
AMA Bayer R, Tafazzolı B. Politicization, Ratification of International Agreements, and Domestic Political Competition in Non-Democracies: The Case of Iran and the Paris Climate Accords. uidergisi. March 2024;21(81):5-25. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1406808
Chicago Bayer, Reşat, and Bıjan Tafazzolı. “Politicization, Ratification of International Agreements, and Domestic Political Competition in Non-Democracies: The Case of Iran and the Paris Climate Accords”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 21, no. 81 (March 2024): 5-25. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1406808.
EndNote Bayer R, Tafazzolı B (March 1, 2024) Politicization, Ratification of International Agreements, and Domestic Political Competition in Non-Democracies: The Case of Iran and the Paris Climate Accords. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 21 81 5–25.
IEEE R. Bayer and B. Tafazzolı, “Politicization, Ratification of International Agreements, and Domestic Political Competition in Non-Democracies: The Case of Iran and the Paris Climate Accords”, uidergisi, vol. 21, no. 81, pp. 5–25, 2024, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.1406808.
ISNAD Bayer, Reşat - Tafazzolı, Bıjan. “Politicization, Ratification of International Agreements, and Domestic Political Competition in Non-Democracies: The Case of Iran and the Paris Climate Accords”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 21/81 (March 2024), 5-25. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1406808.
JAMA Bayer R, Tafazzolı B. Politicization, Ratification of International Agreements, and Domestic Political Competition in Non-Democracies: The Case of Iran and the Paris Climate Accords. uidergisi. 2024;21:5–25.
MLA Bayer, Reşat and Bıjan Tafazzolı. “Politicization, Ratification of International Agreements, and Domestic Political Competition in Non-Democracies: The Case of Iran and the Paris Climate Accords”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, vol. 21, no. 81, 2024, pp. 5-25, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1406808.
Vancouver Bayer R, Tafazzolı B. Politicization, Ratification of International Agreements, and Domestic Political Competition in Non-Democracies: The Case of Iran and the Paris Climate Accords. uidergisi. 2024;21(81):5-25.