Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Russian and Turkish Foreign Policy Think Tanks: Institutional Barriers to Influence over Decision-Making

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 79 - Guest Editor: Dimitar BECHEV | Russia and Turkey in a Changing Global Order, 165 - 182, 17.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1357714

Abstract

The paper discusses the institutional factors that influence the development of think tanks in different political systems, with a focus on Russia and Turkey. It identifies various institutional factors such as the structure of the decision-making process, the type of regime, bureaucratic structure, level of democratization, approach of decision-makers, presence of pluralism, effectiveness of political parties, strength of foundations, legal norms, state of civil society, presence of an open public debate culture, and autonomy of the business world that influence the operation of think tanks. The study examines the similarities and differences between the institutional environment of Russia and Turkey, provides examples of how political and institutional factors in different periods in Turkey and Russia have had a facilitating or complicating effect on the establishment and development of think tanks. This paper contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of institutional factors in the formation, development, role, and structure of think tanks.

References

  • Aras, Bülent, Şule Toktaş and Ümit Kurt (2010). Araştırma Merkezlerinin Yükselişi, Türkiye’de Dış Politika ve Ulusal Güvenlik kültürü. Ankara, SETA.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu 2020 Türkiye Raporu. (2020). https://www.ab.gov.tr/siteimages/trkiye_raporustrateji_belgesi_2020/turkey_report_30.10.2020.pdf (Accessed 25 July 2023).
  • Aydın, Mustafa and Sinem Açıkmeşe (2007). “Europeanization through EU Conditionally: Understanding the New Era in Turkish Foreign Policy”, Journal of Southeastern European and Black Sea Studies, Vol. 9, No 3, p. 263-274.
  • Bağcı, Hüseyin and Aziz Aydın (2009). “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Düşünce Kuruluşu Kültürü”, Hasan Kanbolat ve Hasan Ali Karasar (eds.), Türkiye’de Düşünce Merkezi Kültürünün Oluşum Süreci: Türkiye’de Dış Politika ve Güvenlik Alanındaki Düşünce Merkezleri. Ankara, Nobel Yayınları, p. 57-125.
  • Bedir, Umur (2021). “Türkiye’de Düşünce Kuruluşlarının Dış Politika Bağlamında Kamu Diplomasisi İşlevleri”, Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, No 6, p. 7-35.16
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı Politika Kurulları Faaliyetler ve Hedefler. (2023). İstanbul, Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı Yayınları.
  • Güvenç, Serhat (2006). “Türkiye Dış Politikası ve Düşünce Kuruluşları”, Semra Cerit Mazlum ve Erhan Doğan (eds.), Sivil Toplum ve Dış Politika: Yeni Sorunlar, Yeni Aktörler. İstanbul, Bağlam Yayınları, p.159-180.
  • Hale, H. E., and T. J. Colton (2010). “Russians and the Putin-Medvedev ‘Tandemocracy’ A SurveyBased Portrait of the 2007-2008 Election Season”, Problems of Post-Communism, Vol. 57, No 2, p. 3-20.
  • Karaosmanoǧlu, Ali L. (2000). “The Evolution of the National Security Culture and the Military in Turkey”, Journal of International Affairs, p. 199-216.
  • Kelstrup, Jesper Dahl (2016). The Politics of Think Tanks in Europe. London and New York, Routledge.
  • Kınıklıoğlu, Suat (2009). “Türkiye’nin Düşünce Kuruluşları Meselesi”, Hasan Kanbolat ve Hasan Ali Karasar (der.), Türkiye’de Düşünce Merkezi Kültürünün Oluşum Süreci: Türkiye’de Dış Politika ve Güvenlik Alanındaki Düşünce Merkezleri. Ankara, Nobel Yayınları, p. 373-377.
  • Köllner, Patrick et al. (2014). Towards a Comparative Analysis of International Affairs Think Tanks.
  • McGann, James (2016). The Fifth Estate: Think Tanks, Public Policy, and Governance. Washington, Brookings Institution Press.
  • McGann, James G., and Erik C. Johnson (2005). Comparative Think Tanks, Politics and Public Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • McGann, James G., and Kent R. Weaver. (2000). Think Tanks and Civil Societies: Catalysts for Ideas and Action. New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction Publications.
  • Medvetz, Thomas (2012). Think tanks in America. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • Nachiappan, K. (2013). “Think Tanks and the Knowledge–policy Nexus in China”, Policy and Society, Vol. 32, No 3, p. 255-265.
  • Neset, Siri et al. “Turkish Foreign Policy: Structures and Decision-making Processes”, CMI Report, 2019.3, 2019.
  • Pautz, Hartwig (2020). Think Tanks and Policymaking. Oxford, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
  • Rich, Andrew (2004). Think Tanks, Public Policy and the Politics of Expertise. New York, Cambridge University Press.
  • Sandle, Mark (2004). “Think Tanks, Post Communism and Democracy in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe”, Diana Stone and A. Denham (eds.), Think Tank Traditions: Policy Research and the Politics of Ideas. Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2004, p. 121-137.
  • Statement by the Presidential Spokesperson (11 December 2014 - 4 June 2023). Ambassador İbrahim Kalın, on His Visit to Kyiv, the Capital of Ukraine, https://www.tccb.gov.tr/cumhurbaskanligisozculugunden/1695/136730/cumhurbaskanligi-sozcusu-buyukelci-ibrahim-kalin-in-ukraynanin-baskenti-kiev-e-gerceklestirdigi-ziyarete-iliskin-aciklama
  • Stone, Diane, Think Tanks and Policy Advice in Countries in Transition”, Toru Hashimoto, Stefan Hell and Sang-Woo Nam (eds.), Public Policy Research and Training in Vietnam, Tokyo, Asia Development Institute, p. 38-109.
  • Stone, Diane and A. Denham (eds.) (2004). Think Tank traditions: Policy Research and the Politics of Ideas. Manchester, Manchester University Press.
  • Sözen, Ülker (2022). “Civil Society under Siege in Turkey: Authoritarianism, Polarisation and Counterstrategies”, https://www.alternatives-humanitaires.org/en/2022/08/16/civil-society-under-siegein-turkey-authoritarianism-polarisation-and-counterstrategies/17
  • Toktaş, Şule and Bülent Aras (2012). “National Security Culture in Turkey: A Qualitative Study on Think Tanks”, Bilig, No 61, p. 245-264.
  • Weaver, R. Kent (1989). “The Changing World of Think Tanks”, PS: Political Science & Politics, Vol. 22, No 3, p. 563-578.
  • Yakubovsky, V. B. (1995). “A Short History of Russian Think Tanks”, https://www.nira.or.jp/past/publ/ review/95winter/yakubo.html
  • Аверков, В. В. (2012). Принятие внешнеполитических решений в России [Averkov, V.V. Making Foreign Policy Decisions in Russia],Международные процессы, 10(2), p. 110-123.
  • Информация по субсидиям [Information on subsidies], https://spending.gov.ru/subsidies/subsidies_ list/m
  • Конституция Рoссийской Фeдерации [Constitution of the Russian Federation], http://www.constitution.ru/10003000/10003000-6.htm Малинова, О. Ю. (2017). Экспертно-аналитические организации и идеологическая конкуренция в современной России. Роль экспертно-аналитических сообществ в формировании общественной повестки дня в современной России [Malinova, O. Yu., Expert-analytical organizations and ideological competition in contemporary Russia. The role of expert-analytical communities in shaping the public agenda in modern Russia], p. 50-70.
  • Перечень иностранных и международных неправительственных организаций, деятельность которых признана нежелательной на территории Российской,Федерации [List of foreign and international non-governmental organizations, whose activities are recognized as undesirable on the territory of the Russian Federation], https://minjust.gov.ru/ru/documents/7756/ Предвыборная Программа [Pre-election Program] , https://spravedlivo.ru/1_82.html Проекты Фонда президентских грантов [Projects of the Presidential Grants Fund], https://xn- -80afcdbalict6afooklqi5o.xn--p1ai/public/application/item?id=ea17b86f-799b-4635-8155- 0a1c56f911bc
  • Программа Партии[Party Program], https://newpeople.ru/program_newpeople Совет Безопасности[Security Council], http://www.kremlin.ru/structure/security-council
  • Чернышев, Н. И. (2014). “Влияние институционального механизма принятия политических решений в России на формирование курса внешней политики в отношениях с Европейским союзом” [Chernyshev, N. I. The Influence of the Institutional Mechanism of Policy Decision-making on the Formation of the Foreign Policy Course in Relations with the European Union],Вестник международных организаций: образование, наука, новая экономика, №9 (3), p. 21-30

Russian and Turkish Foreign Policy Think Tanks: Institutional Barriers to Influence over Decision-Making

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 79 - Guest Editor: Dimitar BECHEV | Russia and Turkey in a Changing Global Order, 165 - 182, 17.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1357714

Abstract

References

  • Aras, Bülent, Şule Toktaş and Ümit Kurt (2010). Araştırma Merkezlerinin Yükselişi, Türkiye’de Dış Politika ve Ulusal Güvenlik kültürü. Ankara, SETA.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu 2020 Türkiye Raporu. (2020). https://www.ab.gov.tr/siteimages/trkiye_raporustrateji_belgesi_2020/turkey_report_30.10.2020.pdf (Accessed 25 July 2023).
  • Aydın, Mustafa and Sinem Açıkmeşe (2007). “Europeanization through EU Conditionally: Understanding the New Era in Turkish Foreign Policy”, Journal of Southeastern European and Black Sea Studies, Vol. 9, No 3, p. 263-274.
  • Bağcı, Hüseyin and Aziz Aydın (2009). “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Düşünce Kuruluşu Kültürü”, Hasan Kanbolat ve Hasan Ali Karasar (eds.), Türkiye’de Düşünce Merkezi Kültürünün Oluşum Süreci: Türkiye’de Dış Politika ve Güvenlik Alanındaki Düşünce Merkezleri. Ankara, Nobel Yayınları, p. 57-125.
  • Bedir, Umur (2021). “Türkiye’de Düşünce Kuruluşlarının Dış Politika Bağlamında Kamu Diplomasisi İşlevleri”, Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, No 6, p. 7-35.16
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı Politika Kurulları Faaliyetler ve Hedefler. (2023). İstanbul, Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı Yayınları.
  • Güvenç, Serhat (2006). “Türkiye Dış Politikası ve Düşünce Kuruluşları”, Semra Cerit Mazlum ve Erhan Doğan (eds.), Sivil Toplum ve Dış Politika: Yeni Sorunlar, Yeni Aktörler. İstanbul, Bağlam Yayınları, p.159-180.
  • Hale, H. E., and T. J. Colton (2010). “Russians and the Putin-Medvedev ‘Tandemocracy’ A SurveyBased Portrait of the 2007-2008 Election Season”, Problems of Post-Communism, Vol. 57, No 2, p. 3-20.
  • Karaosmanoǧlu, Ali L. (2000). “The Evolution of the National Security Culture and the Military in Turkey”, Journal of International Affairs, p. 199-216.
  • Kelstrup, Jesper Dahl (2016). The Politics of Think Tanks in Europe. London and New York, Routledge.
  • Kınıklıoğlu, Suat (2009). “Türkiye’nin Düşünce Kuruluşları Meselesi”, Hasan Kanbolat ve Hasan Ali Karasar (der.), Türkiye’de Düşünce Merkezi Kültürünün Oluşum Süreci: Türkiye’de Dış Politika ve Güvenlik Alanındaki Düşünce Merkezleri. Ankara, Nobel Yayınları, p. 373-377.
  • Köllner, Patrick et al. (2014). Towards a Comparative Analysis of International Affairs Think Tanks.
  • McGann, James (2016). The Fifth Estate: Think Tanks, Public Policy, and Governance. Washington, Brookings Institution Press.
  • McGann, James G., and Erik C. Johnson (2005). Comparative Think Tanks, Politics and Public Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • McGann, James G., and Kent R. Weaver. (2000). Think Tanks and Civil Societies: Catalysts for Ideas and Action. New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction Publications.
  • Medvetz, Thomas (2012). Think tanks in America. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • Nachiappan, K. (2013). “Think Tanks and the Knowledge–policy Nexus in China”, Policy and Society, Vol. 32, No 3, p. 255-265.
  • Neset, Siri et al. “Turkish Foreign Policy: Structures and Decision-making Processes”, CMI Report, 2019.3, 2019.
  • Pautz, Hartwig (2020). Think Tanks and Policymaking. Oxford, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
  • Rich, Andrew (2004). Think Tanks, Public Policy and the Politics of Expertise. New York, Cambridge University Press.
  • Sandle, Mark (2004). “Think Tanks, Post Communism and Democracy in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe”, Diana Stone and A. Denham (eds.), Think Tank Traditions: Policy Research and the Politics of Ideas. Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2004, p. 121-137.
  • Statement by the Presidential Spokesperson (11 December 2014 - 4 June 2023). Ambassador İbrahim Kalın, on His Visit to Kyiv, the Capital of Ukraine, https://www.tccb.gov.tr/cumhurbaskanligisozculugunden/1695/136730/cumhurbaskanligi-sozcusu-buyukelci-ibrahim-kalin-in-ukraynanin-baskenti-kiev-e-gerceklestirdigi-ziyarete-iliskin-aciklama
  • Stone, Diane, Think Tanks and Policy Advice in Countries in Transition”, Toru Hashimoto, Stefan Hell and Sang-Woo Nam (eds.), Public Policy Research and Training in Vietnam, Tokyo, Asia Development Institute, p. 38-109.
  • Stone, Diane and A. Denham (eds.) (2004). Think Tank traditions: Policy Research and the Politics of Ideas. Manchester, Manchester University Press.
  • Sözen, Ülker (2022). “Civil Society under Siege in Turkey: Authoritarianism, Polarisation and Counterstrategies”, https://www.alternatives-humanitaires.org/en/2022/08/16/civil-society-under-siegein-turkey-authoritarianism-polarisation-and-counterstrategies/17
  • Toktaş, Şule and Bülent Aras (2012). “National Security Culture in Turkey: A Qualitative Study on Think Tanks”, Bilig, No 61, p. 245-264.
  • Weaver, R. Kent (1989). “The Changing World of Think Tanks”, PS: Political Science & Politics, Vol. 22, No 3, p. 563-578.
  • Yakubovsky, V. B. (1995). “A Short History of Russian Think Tanks”, https://www.nira.or.jp/past/publ/ review/95winter/yakubo.html
  • Аверков, В. В. (2012). Принятие внешнеполитических решений в России [Averkov, V.V. Making Foreign Policy Decisions in Russia],Международные процессы, 10(2), p. 110-123.
  • Информация по субсидиям [Information on subsidies], https://spending.gov.ru/subsidies/subsidies_ list/m
  • Конституция Рoссийской Фeдерации [Constitution of the Russian Federation], http://www.constitution.ru/10003000/10003000-6.htm Малинова, О. Ю. (2017). Экспертно-аналитические организации и идеологическая конкуренция в современной России. Роль экспертно-аналитических сообществ в формировании общественной повестки дня в современной России [Malinova, O. Yu., Expert-analytical organizations and ideological competition in contemporary Russia. The role of expert-analytical communities in shaping the public agenda in modern Russia], p. 50-70.
  • Перечень иностранных и международных неправительственных организаций, деятельность которых признана нежелательной на территории Российской,Федерации [List of foreign and international non-governmental organizations, whose activities are recognized as undesirable on the territory of the Russian Federation], https://minjust.gov.ru/ru/documents/7756/ Предвыборная Программа [Pre-election Program] , https://spravedlivo.ru/1_82.html Проекты Фонда президентских грантов [Projects of the Presidential Grants Fund], https://xn- -80afcdbalict6afooklqi5o.xn--p1ai/public/application/item?id=ea17b86f-799b-4635-8155- 0a1c56f911bc
  • Программа Партии[Party Program], https://newpeople.ru/program_newpeople Совет Безопасности[Security Council], http://www.kremlin.ru/structure/security-council
  • Чернышев, Н. И. (2014). “Влияние институционального механизма принятия политических решений в России на формирование курса внешней политики в отношениях с Европейским союзом” [Chernyshev, N. I. The Influence of the Institutional Mechanism of Policy Decision-making on the Formation of the Foreign Policy Course in Relations with the European Union],Вестник международных организаций: образование, наука, новая экономика, №9 (3), p. 21-30
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Politics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çağrı Adil This is me 0000-0003-2641-8053

Early Pub Date September 13, 2023
Publication Date October 17, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 20 Issue: 79 - Guest Editor: Dimitar BECHEV | Russia and Turkey in a Changing Global Order

Cite

APA Adil, Ç. (2023). Russian and Turkish Foreign Policy Think Tanks: Institutional Barriers to Influence over Decision-Making. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 20(79), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1357714
AMA Adil Ç. Russian and Turkish Foreign Policy Think Tanks: Institutional Barriers to Influence over Decision-Making. uidergisi. October 2023;20(79):165-182. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1357714
Chicago Adil, Çağrı. “Russian and Turkish Foreign Policy Think Tanks: Institutional Barriers to Influence over Decision-Making”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 20, no. 79 (October 2023): 165-82. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1357714.
EndNote Adil Ç (October 1, 2023) Russian and Turkish Foreign Policy Think Tanks: Institutional Barriers to Influence over Decision-Making. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 20 79 165–182.
IEEE Ç. Adil, “Russian and Turkish Foreign Policy Think Tanks: Institutional Barriers to Influence over Decision-Making”, uidergisi, vol. 20, no. 79, pp. 165–182, 2023, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.1357714.
ISNAD Adil, Çağrı. “Russian and Turkish Foreign Policy Think Tanks: Institutional Barriers to Influence over Decision-Making”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 20/79 (October 2023), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1357714.
JAMA Adil Ç. Russian and Turkish Foreign Policy Think Tanks: Institutional Barriers to Influence over Decision-Making. uidergisi. 2023;20:165–182.
MLA Adil, Çağrı. “Russian and Turkish Foreign Policy Think Tanks: Institutional Barriers to Influence over Decision-Making”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 79, 2023, pp. 165-82, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1357714.
Vancouver Adil Ç. Russian and Turkish Foreign Policy Think Tanks: Institutional Barriers to Influence over Decision-Making. uidergisi. 2023;20(79):165-82.