WRITING GUIDELINES

Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with the journal’s writing guidelines and using the official Article Submission Template. SUBMİSSİONS THAT DO NOT COMPLY WİTH THESE REQUİREMENTS WİLL NOT BE CONSİDERED FOR REVİEW.

LANGUAGE
The official language of publication of the journal is English.

MANUSCRIPT FORMAT AND SUBMISSION
Manuscripts submitted for publication in the journal must be original works that have not been previously published and are not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

MANUSCRIPT LAYOUT
Manuscripts must be prepared using Microsoft Word and formatted on A4-size paper. Page layout (margins) should be set as follows: "top: 1.5 cm", "bottom: 1.5 cm", "right: 1.5 cm", "left: 1.5 cm", "left indentation: 0 cm", "special: none". The total length of the manuscript, including the abstract, introduction, figures, tables, references, and notes, must not exceed 10,000 words.

FONT AND TEXT FORMATTING
The entire manuscript must be set in "Times New Roman" with a font size of "11 points". The line spacing should be "single-spaced", and no additional spacing should be left before or after paragraphs "0 pt" (before and after). Except for the specified spacing, no extra blank lines should be inserted between paragraphs.
Headings should be formatted with "6 pt" spacing before and after. Left and right indentation must be set to "0 cm", while the first-line indent should be "0.5 cm". Within the text, a single space must follow punctuation marks. The manuscript should be written in paragraph form and fully justified.
The manuscript must be written in English. Authors are fully responsible for any spelling, grammatical, or language-related errors.

MAIN TITLE
The main title of the manuscript should be written in bold, left-aligned, and in "12 point" font size. Only the first letter of the title and proper nouns should be capitalized; all other letters should be in lowercase. The title should be formatted with single line spacing, leaving "6 pt" spacing before and after. Additionally, "1 line (0 pt) " of space should be left before and after the main title.

AUTHOR INFORMATION
Following the main title (on the line immediately below), the author’s first and last name should be written in "Times New Roman", "11 point" font, left-aligned, with single spacing and no additional line spacing. Each author’s ORCID ID should be provided as a superscript next to the surname.
For each author, the institutional affiliation, department, country, and email address must be clearly and fully stated in the affiliation section, formatted in "9 point" font and left-aligned. The corresponding author should be indicated by an asterisk ("*") and specified in a footnote.

MAIN SECTIONS
The manuscript should consist of the following sections: "ABSTRACT", "INTRODUCTION", "OTHER HEADINGS", "CONCLUSION", and "REFERENCES". Main section headings must be written in "Times New Roman", "11 point" font, "single-spaced", bold, left-aligned, with only the first letter capitalized. Except for the "REFERENCES" section, all main section headings should be numbered consecutively starting from 1. Headings should have "6 pt" spacing before and after. In addition, "1 line (0 pt)" of space should be left before and after each main section heading.

ABSTRACT
The abstract should be between 120 and 250 words. It must clearly state the aim, scope, methodology, and main findings of the study. The "ABSTRACT" heading should be written in uppercase letters, using "Times New Roman", "11 point" font, single spacing, with "6 pt" spacing before and after the paragraph.
The abstract text should be written in "Times New Roman", "10 point" font, "single-spaced", with "6 pt" spacing before and after. The abstract must include at least 3 and at most 5 "keywords" that are relevant to the content, with only the first letter capitalized. The "keywords" heading should be written with only the first letter capitalized, in italics, using "Times New Roman", "10 point" font, "single spacing", with "6 pt" spacing before and after.

TEXT
The entire manuscript must be written in "Times New Roman", "11 point" font. The text should be "single-spaced", with "0 pt" spacing before and after paragraphs. Both left and right indents must be set to "0 cm", and the first-line indent should be "0.5 cm". The manuscript must be written in clear, coherent, and fluent English. Any spelling, grammatical, or language-related errors are the sole responsibility of the authors. The text should be written using third-person expressions throughout.
At the end of the introduction section, the objective of the study, the methodology employed, the research period, the distinctiveness of the study compared to existing literature, and its contribution to the literature should be clearly stated. The conclusion section should present policy implications and recommendations. For empirical or applied studies, the research objective, significance, and methodology (including population, sample, measurement scales, data collection methods and instruments, limitations, and data analysis techniques), as well as the main findings, should be clearly and explicitly reported.

SECTION HEADINGS
Section numbering must begin with the Introduction, and both section and subsection headings should be numbered accordingly. All section headings should follow the order and formatting rules specified below:
1. Heading: (First-level heading, bold, 11-point font, only the first letter capitalized, left-aligned)
1.1. Heading: (Second-level heading, italic, 11-point font, only the first letter capitalized, left-aligned)
1.1.1. Heading: (Third-level heading, 11-point font, only the first letter capitalized, left-aligned)
Headings should have "6 pt" spacing before and after. In addition, "1 line (0 pt) " of spacing should be left before and after each section heading in the manuscript.

TABLES AND FIGURES
All tables, figures, and graphs included in the manuscript must be explicitly cited in the text and placed immediately after their first reference. They should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals. Tables should present new information rather than repeating content already discussed in the text. Each table, figure, or graph must have a title, with "1 line (0 pt)" of spacing before and after.
Table titles should be placed above the table, left-aligned, with only the first letter capitalized, written in "Times New Roman", "10 point" font, and "single-spaced". Table contents should be written in "Times New Roman", "10 point" font (or "8-10 point" font if required to fit the page), and "single-spaced". Any notes, sources, or explanatory remarks below tables should be written in "Times New Roman", "8 point" font, "single-spaced". Tables must not be submitted as image files.
Figures and graphs must be provided in high resolution. Their titles should be placed below the figure or graph, centered, with only the first letter capitalized, written in "Times New Roman", "10 point" font, and "single-spaced". Figures should be positioned so as not to exceed page margins.
Equations should be numbered consecutively in parentheses aligned to the right margin. In the text, equations should be referred to as Equation (1), Equation (2a), etc. Equations must not be in image format and should be created using the "equation editor", centered on the page, with equation numbers right-aligned in parentheses. The use of footnotes should be avoided.
All tables, figures, graphs, and equations cited in the text must be hyperlinked to their respective titles.

REFERENCES (CITATION STYLE)
Authors are required to strictly adhere to academic citation standards. Full responsibility for proper referencing rests with the author(s). Citations must be provided within the text rather than as footnotes. Every source cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and sources not cited in the text must not be included in the references.
End-of-sentence citation style:
Single author: ……… (Doğan 2025).
Two authors: ……… (Özkan and Doğan 2025).
Three or more authors: ……… (Doğan et al. 2025).
In-text citation style:
Single author: ……… Doğan (2025) ………
Two authors: ……… Özkan and Doğan (2025) ………
Three or more authors: ……… Doğan et al. (2025) ………

REFERENCES
The reference list should be presented at the end of the manuscript in APA citation format, ordered alphabetically by the surname of the first author, without distinguishing between source types (e.g., theses, books, articles, reports). Please note that all sources listed in the reference section must be directly cited within the text, and no uncited works should be included in the reference list. The reference list should be justified on both sides, formatted with a hanging indent of "0.5 cm", "single line" spacing, "Times New Roman" font, "11 point" font size, and with "6 nk" spacing before and after each entry. All in-text citations must be hyperlinked to their corresponding entries in the reference list.

Examples of illustrations:

(Book) Schallmo, D. R., & Tidd, J. (2021). Digitalization. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69380-0

(Edited book) Akkaya, B., Apostu, S. A., Hysa, E., & Panait, M. (Eds). (2023). Digitalization, sustainable development, and Industry 5.0: An organizational model for twin transitions. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781837531905

(Chapter book) Sergeyeva, N. V., Ashmarina, T. I., Biryukova, T. V., Kosorukova, I. V., & Chukhacheva, E. V. (2022). Application of digital technology in professional training. In Digital technologies and institutions for sustainable development (pp. 23-28). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04289-8_4

(Journal) Mensah, J. (2019). Sustainable development: Meaning, history, principles, pillars, and implications for human action: Literature review. Cogent Social Sciences, 5(1), 1653531. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1653531

(Journal) Salim, R. A., & Rafiq, S. (2012). Why do some emerging economies proactively accelerate the adoption of renewable energy?. Energy Economics, 34(4), 1051-1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2011.08.015

(Journal) Okada, K., & Samreth, S. (2017). Corruption and natural resource rents: evidence from quantile regression. Applied Economics Letters, 24(20), 1490-1493. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1287849

(Journal) Lean, H. H., & Smyth, R. (2010). CO2 emissions, electricity consumption and output in ASEAN. Applied Energy, 87(6), 1858-1864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.02.003

(Journal) Hoa, P. X., Xuan, V. N., & Thu, N. T. P. (2023). Determinants of the renewable energy consumption: The case of Asian countries. Heliyon, 9(12), e22696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22696

(Journal) Sharma, R., Shahbaz, M., Kautish, P., & Vo, X. V. (2021). Analyzing the impact of export diversification and technological innovation on renewable energy consumption: Evidences from BRICS nations. Renewable Energy, 178, 1034-1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.06.125

(Journal) Mishra, M., Desul, S., Santos, C. A. G., Mishra, S. K., Kamal, A. H. M., Goswami, S., ... & Baral, K. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of sustainable development goals (SDGs): A review of progress, challenges, and opportunities. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(5), 11101-11143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03225-w

(Conference paper) Sacco, P., Gargano, E. R., & Cornella, A. (2021, September). Sustainable digitalization: A systematic literature review to identify how to make digitalization more sustainable. In International TRIZ Future Conference (pp. 14-29). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86614-3_2

(Proceedings) Reis, J., Amorim, M., Melão, N., Cohen, Y., & Rodrigues, M. (2020). Digitalization: A literature review and research agenda. In Anisic, Z., Lalic, B., Gracanin, D. (Eds) Proceedings on 25th International Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management – IJCIEOM 2019. Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43616-2_47

(Working paper) OECD. (2025). The environmental sustainability of communication networks. OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 372, OECD, Paris Cedex 16. https://doi.org/10.1787/d1cb2210-en

Note: In cases not mentioned in this text, general guidelines adopted in scientific writing should be considered.



ETHİCAL COMMİTTEE APPROVAL
If the study requires ethical committee approval and/or legal/special permission, the peer-review process will not be initiated unless the relevant approval document is uploaded. For studies requiring ethical approval, detailed information regarding the approval (specifically the institution granting the approval, the date, and the decision or reference number) must be clearly stated both in the Methodology section of the manuscript and in a separate Ethical Approval section at the end of the article.
Research requiring ethical committee approval includes, but is not limited to, the following:
• All qualitative or quantitative studies involving data collection from participants through surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, experiments, or similar techniques,
• The experimental or other scientific use of humans or animals (including materials/data),
• Clinical studies conducted on humans,
• Studies conducted on animals,
• Retrospective studies subject to the Law on the Protection of Personal Data.

SUBMİSSİON OF THE MANUSCRİPT
Manuscripts should be submitted as a Word document via the "Submit Manuscript" section of the International Journal of Business and Economics Studies on the DergiPark website (https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/uiecd). All submission and review processes are carried out and monitored through the online system.
We thank you for your interest in, contribution to, and support of our journal.

Click here to download the article submission guidelines

Click here to download the article template