Construction and Analysis of Smarandache Curves for Integral Binormal Curves in Euclidean 3-Space

Ayman Elsharkawy; Clemente Cesarano; Hasnaa Baizeed

doi:10.32323/ujma.1739984

EN

Construction and Analysis of Smarandache Curves for Integral Binormal Curves in Euclidean 3-Space

Abstract

This paper presents a detailed geometric analysis of Smarandache curves generated from integral binormal curves within three-dimensional Euclidean space. We provide a complete derivation of the Frenet apparatus encompassing tangent, normal, and binormal vectors, alongside curvature and torsion functions for four distinct types of Smarandache curves: $TN$, $TB$, $NB$, and $TNB$. Furthermore, we establish the necessary and sufficient criteria for these curves to be characterized as general helices or Salkowski curves. A significant outcome of our work is the demonstration that helical characteristics are transmitted from the original curve to its Smarandache derivatives. The theoretical framework is substantiated with numerical examples, including a circular helix and other spatial curves.

Keywords

Frenet frame, General helices, Integral curves, Salkowski curves, Smarandache curves

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Numerical and Computational Mathematics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ayman Elsharkawy
0000-0003-0288-2548
Egypt

Clemente Cesarano ^*
0000-0002-1694-7907
Italy

Hasnaa Baizeed
0009-0009-9882-0990
Egypt

Early Pub Date

September 6, 2025

Publication Date

September 17, 2025

Submission Date

July 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 5, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.32323/ujma.1739984

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA95XF82EL

APA

Elsharkawy, A., Cesarano, C., & Baizeed, H. (2025). Construction and Analysis of Smarandache Curves for Integral Binormal Curves in Euclidean 3-Space. Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications, 8(3), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.32323/ujma.1739984

AMA

1.Elsharkawy A, Cesarano C, Baizeed H. Construction and Analysis of Smarandache Curves for Integral Binormal Curves in Euclidean 3-Space. Univ. J. Math. Appl. 2025;8(3):149-157. doi:10.32323/ujma.1739984

Chicago

Elsharkawy, Ayman, Clemente Cesarano, and Hasnaa Baizeed. 2025. “Construction and Analysis of Smarandache Curves for Integral Binormal Curves in Euclidean 3-Space”. Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications 8 (3): 149-57. https://doi.org/10.32323/ujma.1739984.

EndNote

Elsharkawy A, Cesarano C, Baizeed H (September 1, 2025) Construction and Analysis of Smarandache Curves for Integral Binormal Curves in Euclidean 3-Space. Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications 8 3 149–157.

IEEE

[1]A. Elsharkawy, C. Cesarano, and H. Baizeed, “Construction and Analysis of Smarandache Curves for Integral Binormal Curves in Euclidean 3-Space”, Univ. J. Math. Appl., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 149–157, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.32323/ujma.1739984.

ISNAD

Elsharkawy, Ayman - Cesarano, Clemente - Baizeed, Hasnaa. “Construction and Analysis of Smarandache Curves for Integral Binormal Curves in Euclidean 3-Space”. Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications 8/3 (September 1, 2025): 149-157. https://doi.org/10.32323/ujma.1739984.

JAMA

1.Elsharkawy A, Cesarano C, Baizeed H. Construction and Analysis of Smarandache Curves for Integral Binormal Curves in Euclidean 3-Space. Univ. J. Math. Appl. 2025;8:149–157.

MLA

Elsharkawy, Ayman, et al. “Construction and Analysis of Smarandache Curves for Integral Binormal Curves in Euclidean 3-Space”. Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications, vol. 8, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 149-57, doi:10.32323/ujma.1739984.

Vancouver

1.Ayman Elsharkawy, Clemente Cesarano, Hasnaa Baizeed. Construction and Analysis of Smarandache Curves for Integral Binormal Curves in Euclidean 3-Space. Univ. J. Math. Appl. 2025 Sep. 1;8(3):149-57. doi:10.32323/ujma.1739984