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Afganistan’da Gıda Krizi ve Açlık Döngüsü Riski

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 487 - 525, 29.12.2022

Abstract

Afganistan’da Covid-19 Pandemisinin derinleştirdiği ve Taliban yönetiminin iktidarı devralmasından sonra şiddetlenen gıda krizi Afgan halkı için oldukça ciddi bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Yoksulluk ve açlığın ortaya çıkardığı açlık döngüsüyle boğuşan Afganistan’ın dış yardımlara muhtaç ekonomik yapısıyla söz konusu döngüyü kırması zordur. Zira son yirmi yılda kendi çarklarını oluşturamayan ve işletemeyen ekonomik bir yapının yalnızca dış yardımlarla belirtilen sorunları ortadan kaldıramadığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada Afganistan’da ekonomik ve toplumsal açıdan yıllardır sorun oluşturan ve son dönemde kriz aşamasına gelmiş bulunan gıda sorunu analiz edilecektir.

References

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Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 487 - 525, 29.12.2022

Abstract

References

  • “7.000 CCNPP Projects Remain Unfinished: MoF”, TOLO News, https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-176069, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2022).
  • “97 percent of Afghans could plunge into poverty by mid 2022, says UNDP”, United Nations Development Programme, https://www.undp.org/press-releases/97-percent-afghans-could-plunge-poverty-mid-2022-says-undp (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2022).
  • “About The Concept of the Global Hunger Index”, Global Hunger Index, https://www.globalhungerindex.org/about.html (Erişim Tarihi: 02.07.2022).
  • “Afghanistan: Food insecurity and malnutrition threaten ‘an entire generation’” United Nations, UN News, March 15, 2022.
  • “AFGHANISTAN”, Global Hunger Index, “https://www.globalhungerindex.org/afghanistan.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2022).
  • AYDIN, Zülküf, Çağdaş Tarım Sorunu: Ekonomik, Politik ve Sosyolojik Kuramlar, Yaklaşımlar ve Politikalar, İmge Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara 2017.
  • BESSIS, Sophie, Dünya’da Açlık, Çev. Özlem Nudralı, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul 1992.
  • “Country Nutririton Profiles-Afghanistan”, Global Nutrition Report, https://globalnutritionreport.org/resources/nutrition-profiles/asia/southern-asia/afghanistan/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.07.2022).
  • “Definitions of Food Security”, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-u-s/definitions-of-food-security/, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2022).
  • DEVEREUX, Stephen, Theories of Famine: From Malthus to Sen, Harvester Wheatsheaf. New York 1993.
  • DEVEREUX, Stephen, Famine in the Twentieth Century, IDS Working Paper 105, 2000. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/20.500.12413/3435/wp105.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2022).
  • DE WAAL, Alex Famine That Kills: Darfur, Sudan, Oxford University Press, New York, 2005. (Revised Edition).
  • EDKINS, Jenny, Whose Hunger?: Concepts of Famine, Practices of Aid. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2000.
  • “Envision 2030: 17 goals to transform the world for persons with disabilities”, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Disability, https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/envision2030.html#menu-header-menu, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2022).
  • FAIEZ, Rahim-Lee Keath, “1.1 Million Afghan children could face severe malnutrition”, Associated Press News, 25 May 2022. https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-health-prices-united-nations-d74bb5f7326d57e53e17258a42452d92 (Erişim Tarihi: 05.07.2022).
  • "Famine.", Encyclopedia Britannica, Basu, K. February 3, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/science/famine. (Erişim Tarihi: 24.06.2022).
  • FAO, World Food and Agriculture -Statistical Yearbook 2021, Rome 2021.
  • “FAO Cereal Supply and Demand Brief”, FAO, https://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2022).
  • FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World: Repurposing Food and Agricultural Policies to Make Healthy Diets More Affordable, Rome, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0639en
  • Food Security and Agricultural Projects Analysis Service (ESAF), Understanding the Dynamics of Food Insecurity and Vulnerability in Orissa, ESA Working Paper No. 07, India-28 October 2007. https://www.fao.org/3/ai207e/ai207e.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 24.06.2022).
  • “Food Security,” International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://www.ifpri.org/topic/food-security. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2022).
  • GABLE, Sara -Melissa Hunting, “Nature, Nurture and Early Brain Development”, MU Extension, University of Missouri-Columbia, https://extension.missouri.edu/media/wysiwyg/Extensiondata/Pub/pdf/hesguide/humanrel/gh6115.pdf
  • Global Network Against Food Crises, 2022 Global Report on Food Crises: Joint Analysis for Better Decisions, Rome, 04/05/2022, http://www.fightfoodcrises.net/fileadmin/user_upload/fightfoodcrises/doc/resources/GRFC_2022_FINAl_REPORT.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2022).
  • “Hunger and Food Insecurity”, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations-FAO, https://www.fao.org/hunger/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2022).
  • “Hunger Sociological Connections”, immigrationandhunger.weebly.com, https://immigrationandhunger.weebly.com/hunger-sociological-connections.html (Erişim Tarihi: 24.06.2022).
  • Immigration and Hunger, Hunger Sociological Connections, immigrationandhunger.weebly.com,https://immigrationandhunger.weebly.com/hunger-sociological-connections.html (Erişim Tarihi: 02.07.2022).
  • Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, IPC Acute Food Insecurity Analysis March-November 2022, Issued May 2022. “Infant and Toddler Nutrition”, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/InfantandToddlerNutrition/index.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.07.2022).
  • Institute for Economics & Peace. Ecological Threat Report 2021: Understanding Ecological Threats, Resilience and Peace, Sydney October 2021.
  • “IPC Acute Food Insecurıty Classıfıcatıon”, Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/ipc-overview-and-classification-system/ipc-acute-food-insecurity-classification/en/#:~:text=In%20particular%2C%20the%20IPC%20Acute,(5)%20Catastrophe%2FFamine, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2022).
  • “Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) – Afghanistan”, The World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?contextual=max&locations=AF (Erişim Tarihi: 05.07.2022).
  • “Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) – Afghanistan”, The World Bank, June 2022. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?contextual=min&locations=AF (Erişim Tarihi: 05.07.2022).
  • MUSTAFA, Mir Bais vd. “End line Assessment of the Integrated Behavioral Change Communication Project by UNICEF”, Gazanfar Medical Journal, 1(1), June 2016.
  • Percent Of All Child Deaths”, Action Against Hunger, June 6, 2013. https://www.actionagainsthunger.org/blog/new-lancet-series-offers-stark-update-malnutrition-responsible-45-percent-all-child-deaths#:~:text=Global%20malnutrition%20now%20accounts%20for,greatest%20threat%20to%20child%20survival, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2022).
  • “Population Data Portal, Population Trends”, United Nations Population Fund, https://pdp.unfpa.org/apps/0aeda6af00dd4544ba50452da2dda474/explore (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2022).
  • “Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) – Afghanistan”, The World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=AF (Erişim Tarihi: 05.07.2022).
  • “The facts: What you need to know about global hunger”, Mercy Corps, Updated May 8, 2020. https://www.mercycorps.org/blog/quick-facts-global-hunger (Erişim Tarihi: 02.07.2022).
  • UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates, Levels and trends in child malnutrition: key findings of the 2021 edition of the joint child malnutrition estimates, New York May 2021.
  • VAN LEEUWEN Bas -Jieli Li. “Responses to famines in core regions of antiquity compared”, Jessica Dijkman-Bas van, der., An Economic History of Famine Resilience, Routledge, New York, 2020. s.17.
  • VON GREBMER, K, vd., Global Hunger Index, 2021 Global Hunger Index: Hunger and Food Systems in Conflict Settings, Bonn/Dublin October 2021.
  • “What is undernourishment and how is it measured?”, Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/undernourishment-definition (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2022).
  • World Food Programme, Afghanistan: Zero Hunger Strategic Review, October 2017.
  • “World Food Situation”, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States, FAO Food Price Index, https://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/foodpricesindex/en/,, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2022).
  • “Zero Hunger Challenge”, The United Nations, https://www.un.org/zerohunger/, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2022).
  • “Zero Hunger”, The Global Goals For Sustainable Development, https://www.kureselamaclar.org/en/global-goals/zero-hunger/, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2022).
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdal Bayar

Publication Date December 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bayar, E. (2022). Afganistan’da Gıda Krizi ve Açlık Döngüsü Riski. Uluslararası Kriz Ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 487-525.