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ANTİK KAYNAKLAR IŞIĞINDA RUH KAVRAMI VE KHARON

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 911 - 922, 05.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.927775

Abstract

Dünya üzerinde var olduğu andan itibaren insanoğlu için kaçınılmaz bir gerçek olan ölümün ne olduğu her zaman merak konusu olmuştur. Çoğu insana göre korkunç bir şey olan ölüm, takdir edildiği anda gelir ve görevini yerine getirir. Bunun sonucunda az önce özgürce hareket edebilen beden artık hareket edemez. Antik Yunan ve Roma toplumunun ölüme karşı yaklaşımı incelendiğinde bedeni geride bırakan ruhtan ziyade beden için derin bir kaygı duyulduğu anlaşılır. Bunun asıl nedeni, toplumsal inançtan kaynaklanan ve nesilden nesile geçen çifte beden düşüncesidir. Bu makalenin amacı, Antik Yunan ve Roma söylencelerinde ölüleri, kayığıyla yer altı nehrinden geçirdiğine inanılan Kharon hakkında bilgi vermek ve onun yüzyıllar sonra yeniden nasıl tarih sahnesine çıktığını anlatmaktır.

References

  • Referans1 Ataç, Nurullah (1944). Samsatlı Lukianos. Seçme Yazılar I. Ankara: Maarif Matbaası.
  • Referans2 Ataç, Nurullah (1949). Samsatlı Lukianos. Seçme Yazılar III. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi.
  • Referans3 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (1934). Nutuk. Cilt: II. 1920-1927. İstanbul: Devlet Matbaası.
  • Referans4 Bernardakis, Gregorius N. (1893). Plutarchi Chaeronensis Moralia. Vol. V. Leipzig: Teubner.
  • Referans5 Brown, P. Michael (1997). Lucretius, De Rerum Natura III. With An Introduction, Text, Translation and Commentary. İngiltere: Aris & Phillips Ltd.
  • Referans6 Capelle, Wilhelm (1995). Sokrates’ten Önce Felsefe II. Çev. O. Özügül. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Referans7 Conacher, D. J. (1988). Euripides. Alcestis. Edited with Translation and Commentary. İngiltere: Aris & Phillips Ltd.
  • Referans8 Conte, Gian Biagio (2009). P. Vergilius Maro. Aeneis. Recensuit Atque Apparatu Critico Instruxit. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Referans9 Coşkun Abuagla, Asuman (2019). Dönüşümler I-XV. Ed. D. Önder. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Referans10 Diez De Velasco, Francisco (2017). Cuerpos imaginarios: poder y descorporeización en el paso al más allá imaginado en las lécitos áticas de fondo blanco. Res Publica (Madrid), 20 (3). 493-506.
  • Referans11 Diez De Velasco, Francisco (2010). El Mediador Fantasma: Mediaciones Simbólicas En El Imaginario Ateniense Clásico Del Tránsito Al Más Allá. 181-218. Şurada: Mediadores y mediación con lo divino en el Mediterráneo antiguo. Ed. M. L. Sánchez León. Palma de Mallorca.
  • Referans12 Diez De Velasco, Francisco (1989). La iconografía griega de Caronte: un análisis puntual del LIMC. Gerión Revista de Historia Antigua 7. 297-322.
  • Referans13 Dindorfius, Ludovicus. (1869). Ioannis Zonarae Epitome Historiarum. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana. Leipzig: Teubner.
  • Referans14 Dover, Kenneth (1993). Frogs. Edited with Introduction and Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Referans15 Engin, Ali Osman – Calapoğlu, Mustafa – Seven, Mehmet Ali – Yörük, A. Kadir (2008). “Davranışlarımızın Genetik ve Çevresel Boyutları”. Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bil Dergi 1 (2): 37-56.
  • Referans16 Erdoğan, Murat – Kavukçuer, Yudum – Çetinkaya, Tuğçe (2017). “Türkiye’de Yaşayan Suriyeli Mültecilere Yönelik Medya Algısı”. Özgürlük Araştırmaları Derneği, Liberal Perspektif: Analiz. Sayı: 5. 1-26.
  • Referans17 Finamore, John F. – Dillon, John M. (2002). Iamblikhos. De Anima. Text, Translation, and Commentary. Philosophia Antiqua, A Series of Studies on Ancient Philosophy, Vol. 92. Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill.
  • Referans18 Fowler, Harold North (2005). Plato. Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus. With an English Translation. Introduciton by W.R.M. Lamb. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Referans19 Francis, Edward J. Valpy (1860). Ψυχή. The Etymology of The Words of The Greek Language. Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. 1-192. Londra.
  • Referans20 Găzdac, Ágnes Alföldy – Găzdac, Cristian (2013). “„Who pays the Ferryman?“ The Testimony of Ancient Sources on the Myth of Charon”. Klio 95-2: 285-314.
  • Referans21 Giudici, Vittorio (1998). The Sistine Chapel, Its History and Masterpieces. Text: V. Giudici – Illustrations: L. R. Galante. Çev. Anthony Brierley. New York: Peter Bedrick Books.
  • Referans22 Erhat, Azra – Kadir, A. (1993). Homeros İlyada. İstanbul: Can Yayınları.
  • Referans23 Erhat, Azra – Kadir, A. (1996). Homeros Odysseia. İstanbul: Can Yayınları.
  • Referans24 Kinkel, Godofredus (1877). Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. Vol. I. Leipzig: Teubner.
  • Referans25 Klotz, Reinholdi (1835). M. Tulli Ciceronis Disputationes Tusculanae. Ex Emendatione. Leipzig: Teubner.
  • Referans26 Lattimore, Richmond (1962). Themes In Greek And Latin Epitaphs. Amerika: University of Illionis Press.
  • Referans27 Leonard, William Ellery (1908). The Fragment of Empedocles (Greek-English). Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company.
  • Referans28 Oakley, John H. (2004). Picturing Greek Death in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Referans29 Postgate, John Percival. (1921). Tibullus. Londra: William Heinemann New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
  • Referans30 Robert, Carl (1892). Die Nekyia Des Polygnot. Halle: Max Niemeyer.
  • Referans31 Rohde, Erwin (1925). Psyche, The Cult of Souls and Belief in Immortality among the Greeks. Çev. W. B. Hillis. Londra: New York, Harcourt, Brace & Company.
  • Referans32 Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane (1986). “Charon”. Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae III. 210-215.
  • Referans33 Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane (1996). ‘Reading’ Greek Death To the End of the Classical Period. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Referans34 Stolpe, Jan (2001). Platon. Menon/ Protagoras/ Lysis/ Charmides/ Ion/ Menexenos/ Euthydemos/ Faidros/ Kratylos. Skrifter. Bok 2. Berlin: Atlantis Väljer ur Världslitteraturen.
  • Referans35 Vermeule, Emily (1981). Aspects of Death in Early Greek Art and Poetry. Londra: University of California Press.

THE CONCEPT OF THE SOUL AND CHARON IN THE LIGHT OF ANCIENT SOURCES

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 911 - 922, 05.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.927775

Abstract

Death, which is an inevitable fact for human beings since its existence on earth, has always been a matter of wonder. Death, which is a terrible thing for many people, comes when it is appreciated and fulfills its duty. As a result, the body that was able to move freely a second ago can no longer move. When the approach of the Ancient Greek and Roman society to death is examined, it is understood that there is a deep concern for the body rather than the soul that leaves the body behind. The main reason for this is the dual body idea, which originates from social belief and is passed down from generation to generation. The aim of this article is to give information about Charon, who is believed to carry the dead through the underground river in his boat in Ancient Greek and Roman mythology and explain how he came back to the stage of history after centuries.

References

  • Referans1 Ataç, Nurullah (1944). Samsatlı Lukianos. Seçme Yazılar I. Ankara: Maarif Matbaası.
  • Referans2 Ataç, Nurullah (1949). Samsatlı Lukianos. Seçme Yazılar III. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi.
  • Referans3 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (1934). Nutuk. Cilt: II. 1920-1927. İstanbul: Devlet Matbaası.
  • Referans4 Bernardakis, Gregorius N. (1893). Plutarchi Chaeronensis Moralia. Vol. V. Leipzig: Teubner.
  • Referans5 Brown, P. Michael (1997). Lucretius, De Rerum Natura III. With An Introduction, Text, Translation and Commentary. İngiltere: Aris & Phillips Ltd.
  • Referans6 Capelle, Wilhelm (1995). Sokrates’ten Önce Felsefe II. Çev. O. Özügül. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Referans7 Conacher, D. J. (1988). Euripides. Alcestis. Edited with Translation and Commentary. İngiltere: Aris & Phillips Ltd.
  • Referans8 Conte, Gian Biagio (2009). P. Vergilius Maro. Aeneis. Recensuit Atque Apparatu Critico Instruxit. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Referans9 Coşkun Abuagla, Asuman (2019). Dönüşümler I-XV. Ed. D. Önder. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Referans10 Diez De Velasco, Francisco (2017). Cuerpos imaginarios: poder y descorporeización en el paso al más allá imaginado en las lécitos áticas de fondo blanco. Res Publica (Madrid), 20 (3). 493-506.
  • Referans11 Diez De Velasco, Francisco (2010). El Mediador Fantasma: Mediaciones Simbólicas En El Imaginario Ateniense Clásico Del Tránsito Al Más Allá. 181-218. Şurada: Mediadores y mediación con lo divino en el Mediterráneo antiguo. Ed. M. L. Sánchez León. Palma de Mallorca.
  • Referans12 Diez De Velasco, Francisco (1989). La iconografía griega de Caronte: un análisis puntual del LIMC. Gerión Revista de Historia Antigua 7. 297-322.
  • Referans13 Dindorfius, Ludovicus. (1869). Ioannis Zonarae Epitome Historiarum. Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana. Leipzig: Teubner.
  • Referans14 Dover, Kenneth (1993). Frogs. Edited with Introduction and Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Referans15 Engin, Ali Osman – Calapoğlu, Mustafa – Seven, Mehmet Ali – Yörük, A. Kadir (2008). “Davranışlarımızın Genetik ve Çevresel Boyutları”. Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bil Dergi 1 (2): 37-56.
  • Referans16 Erdoğan, Murat – Kavukçuer, Yudum – Çetinkaya, Tuğçe (2017). “Türkiye’de Yaşayan Suriyeli Mültecilere Yönelik Medya Algısı”. Özgürlük Araştırmaları Derneği, Liberal Perspektif: Analiz. Sayı: 5. 1-26.
  • Referans17 Finamore, John F. – Dillon, John M. (2002). Iamblikhos. De Anima. Text, Translation, and Commentary. Philosophia Antiqua, A Series of Studies on Ancient Philosophy, Vol. 92. Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill.
  • Referans18 Fowler, Harold North (2005). Plato. Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus. With an English Translation. Introduciton by W.R.M. Lamb. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Referans19 Francis, Edward J. Valpy (1860). Ψυχή. The Etymology of The Words of The Greek Language. Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. 1-192. Londra.
  • Referans20 Găzdac, Ágnes Alföldy – Găzdac, Cristian (2013). “„Who pays the Ferryman?“ The Testimony of Ancient Sources on the Myth of Charon”. Klio 95-2: 285-314.
  • Referans21 Giudici, Vittorio (1998). The Sistine Chapel, Its History and Masterpieces. Text: V. Giudici – Illustrations: L. R. Galante. Çev. Anthony Brierley. New York: Peter Bedrick Books.
  • Referans22 Erhat, Azra – Kadir, A. (1993). Homeros İlyada. İstanbul: Can Yayınları.
  • Referans23 Erhat, Azra – Kadir, A. (1996). Homeros Odysseia. İstanbul: Can Yayınları.
  • Referans24 Kinkel, Godofredus (1877). Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. Vol. I. Leipzig: Teubner.
  • Referans25 Klotz, Reinholdi (1835). M. Tulli Ciceronis Disputationes Tusculanae. Ex Emendatione. Leipzig: Teubner.
  • Referans26 Lattimore, Richmond (1962). Themes In Greek And Latin Epitaphs. Amerika: University of Illionis Press.
  • Referans27 Leonard, William Ellery (1908). The Fragment of Empedocles (Greek-English). Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company.
  • Referans28 Oakley, John H. (2004). Picturing Greek Death in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Referans29 Postgate, John Percival. (1921). Tibullus. Londra: William Heinemann New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
  • Referans30 Robert, Carl (1892). Die Nekyia Des Polygnot. Halle: Max Niemeyer.
  • Referans31 Rohde, Erwin (1925). Psyche, The Cult of Souls and Belief in Immortality among the Greeks. Çev. W. B. Hillis. Londra: New York, Harcourt, Brace & Company.
  • Referans32 Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane (1986). “Charon”. Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae III. 210-215.
  • Referans33 Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane (1996). ‘Reading’ Greek Death To the End of the Classical Period. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Referans34 Stolpe, Jan (2001). Platon. Menon/ Protagoras/ Lysis/ Charmides/ Ion/ Menexenos/ Euthydemos/ Faidros/ Kratylos. Skrifter. Bok 2. Berlin: Atlantis Väljer ur Världslitteraturen.
  • Referans35 Vermeule, Emily (1981). Aspects of Death in Early Greek Art and Poetry. Londra: University of California Press.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Asuman Coşkun Abuagla 0000-0002-2085-6100

Publication Date August 5, 2021
Submission Date April 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Coşkun Abuagla, A. (2021). ANTİK KAYNAKLAR IŞIĞINDA RUH KAVRAMI VE KHARON. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(3), 911-922. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.927775

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