THE RELATİONSHİP BETWEEN FEMALE UNEMPLOYMENT AND ENERGY CONSUMPTİON: THE CASE OF OECD COUNTRİES

Year 2019, , 215 - 232, 24.07.2019

Halim Tatlı , Doğan Barak

https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.501431

Cited By: 4

Abstract

In
this study, the short- and long-term relationships between energy consumption
and women's unemployment in 29 OECD countries are investigated using panel data
for the period 1991-2015. For the empirical analysis, Panel ARDL method and
Granger causality tests are used. The results of the analyses reveal that both
short- and long-term energy consumptions have significant adverse effects on
female unemployment. That is to say; energy consumption has a negative and
statistically significant impact on the female unemployment rate. In addition,
according to the Granger causality test result, it is found that there is
bidirectional causality between energy consumption and female unemployment
rate.

Keywords

Female Unemployment Rate, Energy Consumption, Panel ARDL, OECD

THE RELATONSHIP BETWEEN FEMALE UNEMPLOYMENT AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION: THE CASE OF OECD COUNTRIES

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 29 OECD ülkesinde
enerji tüketimi ile kadın işsizliği arasındaki kısa ve uzun dönemli ilişki,
1991-2015 dönemine ait panel verileri kullanılarak araştırılmaktadır. Ampirik
analiz için, Panel ARDL yöntemi ve Granger nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır.
Analizler sonucunda, hem kısa dönemde hem de uzun dönemde enerji tüketimi
anlamlı bir biçimde kadın işsizliğini negatif yönde etkilediği görülmüştür.
Yani enerji tüketimi, kadın işsizlik oranı açısından negatif ve istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahiptir. Ayrıca, Granger nedensellik testi sonucuna
göre enerji tüketimi ile kadın işsizlik oranı arasında çift yönlü (bidirectional)
bir nedensellik olduğu saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Kadın İşsizlik Oranı, Enerji Tüketimi, Panel ARDL, OECD

References

• Ahmed, A., Uddin, G.S. and Sohag, K. (2016). Biomass Energy, Technological Progress and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Evidence from Selected European Countries. Biomass and Bioenergy, 90, 202-208.
• Alper, A. and Oguz, O. (2016). The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption in Economic Growth: Evidence From Asymmetric Causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 953-959.
• Amri, F. (2017). Intercourse Across Economic Growth, Trade and Renewable Energy Consumption in Developing and Developed Countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69, 527-534.
• Aneja, R., Banday, U.J., Hasnat, T. and Koçoglu, M. (2017). Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Panel Error Correction Model. Jindal Journal of Business Research, 6(1), 76-85.
• Apergis, N. and Payne, J.E. (2012). Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption-Growth Nexus: Evidence from a Panel Error Correction Model. Energy Economics, 34(3), 733-738.
• Apergis, N. and Payne, J.E. (2010). Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries. Energy Policy, 38(1), 656-660.
• Apergis, N. and Payne, J.E. (2010). Renewable Energy Consumption and Growth in Eurasia. Energy Economics, 32(6), 1392-1397.
• Apergis, N. and Payne, J.E. (2011). The Renewable Energy Consumption–Growth Nexus in Central America. Applied Energy, 88(1), 343-347.
• Apergis, N. and Salim, R. (2015). Renewable Energy Consumption and Unemployment: Evidence from a Sample of 80 Countries and Nonlinear Estimates. Applied Economics, 47(52), 5614-5633.
• Arouri, M., Ben Youssef, A., M'henni, H. and Rault, C. (2014). Exploring the Causality Links Between Energy and Employment in African Countries. IZA Discussion Paper No. 8296, 1-29, http://anon-ftp.iza.org/dp8296.pdf, Accessed:14.04.2018
• Bekmez, S. and Ağpak, F. (2016). Non-Hydro Renewable Energy and Employment: A Bootstrap Panel Causality Analysis for Countries with Different Income Levels. Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 3(1), 32-45.
• Ben Jebli, M., Ben Youssef, S. and Ozturk, I. (2015). The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption and Trade: Environmental Kuznets Curve Analysis for Sub‐Saharan Africa Countries. African Development Review, 27(3), 288-300.
• Bhattacharya, M., Paramati, S.R., Ozturk, I. and Bhattacharya, S. (2016). The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence from Top 38 Countries. Applied Energy, 162, 733-741.
• Bildirici, M.E. and Kayıkçı, F. (2013). Effects Of Oil Production On Economic Growth İn Eurasian Countries: Panel ARDL Approach. Energy. 49, 156-161.
• Bilgili, F., Ozturk, I., Kocak, E. and Bulut, U. (2017). Energy Consumption-Youth Unemployment Nexus in Europe: Evidence from Panel Cointegration and Panel Causality Analyses. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 7(2), 193-201.
• Cherni, A., Jouini, S.E. (2017). An ARDL Approach to the CO2 Emissions, Renewable Energy and Economic Growth Nexus: Tunisian Evidence. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(48), 29056-29066.
• Dalton, G.J. and Lewis, T. (2011). Metrics for Measuring Job Creation by Renewable Energy Technologies, Using Ireland as a Case Study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(4), 2123-2133.
• Fallahi, F. (2011). Causal Relationship Between Energy Consumption (EC) and GDP: A Markov-Switching (MS) Causality. Energy, 36(7), 4165-4170.
• Granger, Clive W.J. (1969). Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 424-438.
• Hausman, J.A. (1978). Specification Tests in Econometrics. Econometrica, 43, 727-38.
• Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H. and Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
• Inglesi-Lotz, R. (2016). The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption to Economic Growth: A Panel Data Application. Energy Economics, 53, 58-63.
• International Labour Office, “World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends for Women 2018 – Global snapshot,” (2018), https://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/weso/trends-for women2018/WCMS_619577/lang--en/index.htm. Accessed date: 05.09.2018.
• Ito, K. (2017). CO2 Emissions, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Panel Data for Developing Countries. International Economics, 151, 1-6.
• Kahia, M., Aïssa, M.S.B. and Charfeddine, L. (2016). Impact of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: New Evidence from the MENA Net Oil Exporting Countries (NOECs). Energy, 116, 102-115
• Levin, A., Lin, C.F. and Chu, C.S.J. (2002). Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1-24
• Lin, B. and Moubarak, M. (2014). Renewable Energy Consumption–Economic Growth Nexus for China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, 111-117
• Lund, P.D. (2009). Effects of Energy Policies on Industry Expansion İn Renewable Energy. Renewable Energy, 34(1), 53-64
• Mbarek, M.B., Abdelkafi, I. and Feki, R. (2018). Nonlinear Causality Between Renewable Energy, Economic Growth, and Unemployment: Evidence From Tunisia. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 1-9.
• Moreno, B. and Lopez, A.J. (2008). The Effect of Renewable Energy on Employment. The Case of Asturias (Spain). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(3), 732-751
• Myatt, A. and Murrell, D. (1990). The Female/Male Unemployment Rate Differential. Canadian Journal of Economics, 312-322
• Nickell, S., Nunziata, L. and Ochel, W. (2004). Unemployment in the OECD since the 1960s. What do We Know?. The Economic Journal. 115(500), 1-27.
• Odhiambo, N.M. (2009). Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in South Africa: A Trivariate Causality Test. Energy Economics, 31(5), 635-640.
• Paul, S. and Bhattacharya, R.N. (2004). Causality Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India: A Note on Conflicting Results. Energy Economics. 26(6), 977-983.
• Payne, J.E. (2009). On the Dynamics of Energy Consumption and Employment in Illinois. Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, 39(2), 126-130.
• Pesaran, M.H. and Smith, R. (1995). Estimating Long-Run Relationships from Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics. 68(1), 79-113.
• Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y. and Smith, R.P. (1999). Pooled Mean Group Estimation of Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), 621-634.
• Rafindadi, A.A. and Ozturk, I. (2017). Impacts of Renewable Energy Consumption on the German Economic Growth: Evidence from Combined Cointegration Test. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75, 1130-1141
• Rafindadi, A.A. and Yosuf, Z. (2013). An Application of Panel ARDL in Analysing the Dynamics of Financial Development and Economic Growth in 38 Sub-Saharan African Continents. In Proceeding, Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics and Law Conference Vol. 2, ISBN 978-967-11350-2, 118-135
• Sadorsky, P. (2009). Renewable Energy Consumption and Income in Emerging Economies. Energy Policy, 37(10), 4021-4028
• Shahbaz, M, Loganathan, N, Zeshan, M, & Zaman, K: Does renewable energy consumption add in economic growth? An application of auto-regressive distributed lag model in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 576-585 (2015).
• Shahbaz, M., Alam, M., Uddin, G. and Nanthakumar, L. (2016). The Effect of Scale, Technique, Composition and Trade Openness on Energy Demand: Fresh Evidence from Malaysia. Bulletin of Energy Economics, 48(3), 280-296.
• Soytas, U. and Ramazan, S. (2006). Energy Consumption and Income in G-7 Countries. Journal of Policy Modeling, 28(7), 739-750
• Tatli, H. (2015). The Relatıonshıp Between Total Energy Consumptıon and Economıc Growth Through a Multıvarıable Productıon Model: The Case Of Turkey. Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 33(4), 135-157.
• “World Bank, World Development Indicators,” last modified November 11, 2017, 2009, http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators.