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SİVİL TOPLUM KALKINMA KURULUŞLARININ KALKINMAYA ETKİSİ

Year 2012, Issue: 8, 0 - , 13.05.2015

Şevket Tüylüoğlu Gökhan Önsoy

Abstract

Özellikle Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesinden sonra, dünya genelinde sivil toplum kuruluşlarının sayısı ciddi oranda artmakta, sivil toplum ve faaliyetlerine yönelik daha fazla tolerans gösterilmekte ve resmi kalkınma yardımlarının bir kısmı artan ölçüde sivil toplum kalkınma kuruluşları (NGDO’lar) aracılığı ile verilmektedir. Sivil toplum ve faaliyetlerine yönelik bu geliĢmeler nedeniyle, literatürde kalkınmaya ilişkin bir iyileşmenin ortaya çıkabileceği beklenmektedir. Bu makalede NGDO’ların kalkınma üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmakta ve yorumlanmaktadır. Makalede, İnsani Gelişme Endeksi’ne göre azgelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan 104 ülkenin kapsandığı ana kütleden alınan 60 ülke örneği için, kesit veriler kullanılarak bir regres-yon analizi yapılmaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre sivil özgürlüklerin düzeyi, ekonomik özgürlüklerin düzeyi, sivil toplum kuruluşlarının sayısı ve sivil toplumun harcama ve faaliyetleri azgeliĢmiĢ ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kalkınma sorunlarını çözmeye katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

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References

  • ABOM, Bill (2004), “Social Capital, NGOs and Development: A Guatemalan Case Study”, Development in Practice, Cilt 14, Sayı 3, s. 342–353.
  • ALEXANDER John M. ve Koen Decanq (2005), “Measuring Human Development” Frontline, Cilt 22, Sayı 4, s. 1-12.
  • ANHEIER, Helmut K. ve Lisa Carlson (2002), “Civil Society: What it is, and how to Measure it?”, Centre for Civil Society, Briefing No:3.
  • BRONIC MSc, Mihaela (2004), “The Role of Non-governmental Non-profit Organisations in the Provision of Social Services and the Palliation of Poverty”, http://ideas.repec.org/a/ipf/finteo/v29y2005i1p99-114.html (EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008).
  • CLARK, John (1994), Kalkınmanın DemokratikleĢmesi: Gönüllü KuruluĢla-rın Rolü (Kitap Özeti), Türkiye Çevre Vakfı Yayını, Ankara.
  • COOK, Linda J. ve Elena Vinogradova (2006), “NGOs and Social Policy-Making in Russia’s Regions”, Problems of Post-Communism, Cilt 53, Sayı 5, s. 28–41.
  • EDWARDS, Michael (1999), “Civil Society and Global Governance”, http://www.unu.edu/millennium/edwards.pdf. (EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008).
  • FARR, W. KEN, Richard A. Lord ve J. Larry WOLFENBARGER (1998), “Economic Freedom, Political Freedom and Economic Well-Being: A Causality Analysis”, Cato Journal, Cilt 18, Sayı 2, s. 247-262.
  • FOWLER, Alan (2000a), “Civil Society, NGDOs and Social Development: Changing the Rules Of The Game”, Geneva 2000 Occasional Paper, No.1.
  • FOWLER, Alan (2000b), “NGDOs As a Moment in History: Beyond Aid to Social Entrepreneurship or Civic Innovation”, Third World Quarterly, Cilt 21, Sayı 4, s. 637–654.
  • FOWLER, Alan (2001), “Social Economy in the South: A Civil Society Perspective”, http://www.intrac.org/docs/Social%20Economy.pdf. (EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008).
  • FOWLER, Alan (2005), “Aid Architecture: Reflections on NGDO Futures and the Emergence of Counter-Terrorism”, INTRAC Occasional Papers Series, Sayı 45, s. 1-42.
  • FREEDOM HOUSE (2008), “Freedom in the World”, http://www.freedomhouse.org/ template.cfm?page=363&year=2006&country=7077 (EriĢim Tarihi:11.03. 2009).
  • FUKUYAMA, Francis (2002), “Social Capital and Development: The Coming Agenda”, SAIS Review, Cilt 22, Sayı 1, s. 24-40.
  • GIDDENS, Anthony (1999), Üçüncü Yol ve EleĢtirileri, (Çev. Nihat ġad), Phoenix Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • GOUNDER, Rukmani (1999), “An Empirical Analysis of Fiji’s Political Economy of Development”, http://econ.massey.ac.nz/publications/discuss/dp99-13.pdf (EriĢim Tarihi: 05.05.2009).
  • GWARTNEY, James, Robert Lawson ve Seth Norton (2008), “Economic Freedom of the World 2008 Annual Report”, Fraser Institute Press, Canada.
  • HAAN, Jacob de ve Jan-Egbert STURM (1999), “On the Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth”, http://ccso.eldoc.ub. rug.nl/FILES/root/1999/199903/199903.pdf (EriĢim Tarihi: 05.05.2009).
  • HAILEY, John (1999), “Ladybirds, Missionaries and NGOs. Voluntary Organisations and Co-operatives in 50 Years of Development: A Historical Perspective on Future Challenges”, Public Administration and Development, Sayı 19, s. 467–485.
  • LEWIS, David ve Paul Opoku-MENSAH (2006), “Moving Forward Research Agendas on International NGOs: Theory, Agency and Context” http://personal.lse.ac.uk/lewisd/images/lewis-opoku.pdf.(EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008).
  • LEWIS, David ve Babar SOBHAN (1999), “Routes of Funding, Roots of Trust? Northern NGOs, Southern NGOs, Donors and the Rise of Direct Funding,” Development in Practice, Cilt 9, Sayı 1&2, s. 117-129.
  • LEWIS, David, ANTHONY Bebbington, SIMON P. J. BATTERBURY, Al-pa Shah, ELIZABETH OLSON, M. SHAMEEM Sıddıqı ve Sandra DUVALL (2003), “Practice, Power and Meanning: Frameworks For Studying Organizational Culture in Multi-Agency Rural Development Projects”, Journal of International Development, Sayı 15, s. 541–547.
  • Library of Parliament (2009), “Official Development Assistance”, http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0710-e.htm (EriĢim Tarihi: 20.10.2008).
  • LORGEN, Christy Cannon (1998), “Dancing With the State: The Role of NGOs in Health Care and Health Policy,” Journal of International Development, Sayı 10, s. 323–339.
  • MADAN, Anisha (2002),“The Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Socio-Economic Development”, www.econ.ilstu.edu/UAUJE/PDF's/CarrolRound/ madanpost.pdf (EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008).
  • MAGELI, Eldrid (2005), “Exploring The NGO Environment in Kolkata: The Universe of Unnayan, Chhinnamul and Sramajibi”, The European Journal of Development Research, Cilt 17, Sayı 2, s. 249–269.
  • MANAN, Ömer (2009), “Kurumsal Yapı Olarak Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Özgürlüklerin Ekonomik Performansa Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, (YayınlanmamıĢ Yüksek Lisans Tezi), ZKÜ SBE Ġktisat Anabilim Dalı, Zonguldak.
  • MCGILLIVRAY, Mark ve Farhad NOORBAKHSH (2004), “Aid, Conflict and Human Development”, http://www.gilmorehillg12.co.uk/media/media_21788_en.pdf (EriĢim Tarihi: 02.09.2009).
  • NAUGHTON, John (2001), “Contested Space: The Internet and Global Civil Society”, http://www.cries.org/FDC/Adjuntos/Ch6_yearbook.pdf (EriĢim Tarihi: 02.09.2009).
  • OECD (2009), “Official Development Assistance”http://stats.oecd.org/qwids/
  • (Erisim Tarihi: 23/04/2009).
  • ÖNSOY, Gökhan (2009), “Sivil Toplum KuruluĢlarının Kalkınmaya Etkisi: Teorik Çerçeve-Ampirik Bulgular”, (YayınlanmamıĢ Yüksek Lisans Tezi”, ZKÜ SBE Ġktisat Anabilim Dalı, Zonguldak.
  • PUTNAM, Robert D. (1994); “What Makes Democracy Work”, IPA Review, Cilt 47, Sayı 1, s. 31–34.
  • SEN, Amartya (1999), Özgürlükle Kalkınma, (Çev. Yavuz Alogan), Ayrıntı Yayınevi, Ġstanbul.
  • SEN, Siddharta (1999), “Some Aspects of State-NGO Relationships in India in the Post-Independence Era”, Development and Change, Sayı. 30, s. 327–355.
  • SMILLIE, Ian (1997), “NGOs and Development Assistance: A Change in Mind-Set?”, Third World Quarterly, Cilt 18, Sayı 3, s. 563–577.
  • SOLLIS, Peter (1995), “Partners in Development? The State, Nongovernmental Organizations and the UN in Central America”, Third World Quarterly, Cilt 16, Sayı 3.
  • SUKONTAMARN, Pataporn (2005), “The Entry of NGO Schools and Girls’ Educational Outcomes in Bangladesh”, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id=1158332 (EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008)
  • TOWNSEND, Janet Gabriel (1999), “Are Nongovernmental Organizations Working in Development a Transnational Community?”, Journal of International Development, Sayı 11, s. 613–623.
  • TOWNSEND, Janet Gabriel, GINA PORTER, Emma MAWDSLEY (2002), “The Role of the Transnational Community of Non-Government Organizations, Governance or Poverty Reduction”, Journal of International Development, Sayı14, s. 829–839.
  • TSOLMON, Urelma (2004), “The Organizational Analysis of Non-Governmental Development Organizations”, (YayınlanmamıĢ Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Brigham Young University, Master of Arts, International and Area Studies, Amerika BirleĢik Devletleri.
  • TÜRKAY, Mehmet (1996), “GeliĢme Ġktisadının Bir Disiplin Olarak Ortaya ÇıkıĢı,” GeliĢme Ġktisadı: Kuram-EleĢtiri-Yorum, (Der. Tamer ĠĢgüden, Fuat Ercan, Mehmet Türkay), Beta Yayınları, s. 112–139.
  • TÜYLÜOĞLU, ġevket (2008), “Uluslararası Kalkınma Bankaları: Çok Yanlı Finansal Kurumların GeniĢleyen Rolü,” Ekonomik Entegrasyon: Küresel ve Bölge-sel YaklaĢım, (Ed. O. Küçükahmetoğlu, H. ÇeĢtepe, ġ. Tüylüoğlu), Ekin Kitabevi Yayınları, Bursa, s. 169-202.
  • TÜYLÜOĞLU, ġevket ve Burak KARALI (2006), “Ġnsani Kalkınma ve Türkiye Ġçin Değerlendirilmesi, SÜ ĠĠBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik AraĢtırmalar Dergisi, Sayı 12, s. 59–89.
  • ULVĠLA, Makro ve Farhad HOSSAĠN (2002), “Development NGOs and Political Participation of the Poor in Bangladesh and Nepal,” Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organisations, Cilt 13, Sayı 2, s. 149–163.
  • UNDP (2008), Human Development Report, http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indi
  • cators/ (EriĢim Tarihi: 07.03.2009).

Year 2012, Issue: 8, 0 - , 13.05.2015

Şevket Tüylüoğlu Gökhan Önsoy

Abstract

References

  • ABOM, Bill (2004), “Social Capital, NGOs and Development: A Guatemalan Case Study”, Development in Practice, Cilt 14, Sayı 3, s. 342–353.
  • ALEXANDER John M. ve Koen Decanq (2005), “Measuring Human Development” Frontline, Cilt 22, Sayı 4, s. 1-12.
  • ANHEIER, Helmut K. ve Lisa Carlson (2002), “Civil Society: What it is, and how to Measure it?”, Centre for Civil Society, Briefing No:3.
  • BRONIC MSc, Mihaela (2004), “The Role of Non-governmental Non-profit Organisations in the Provision of Social Services and the Palliation of Poverty”, http://ideas.repec.org/a/ipf/finteo/v29y2005i1p99-114.html (EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008).
  • CLARK, John (1994), Kalkınmanın DemokratikleĢmesi: Gönüllü KuruluĢla-rın Rolü (Kitap Özeti), Türkiye Çevre Vakfı Yayını, Ankara.
  • COOK, Linda J. ve Elena Vinogradova (2006), “NGOs and Social Policy-Making in Russia’s Regions”, Problems of Post-Communism, Cilt 53, Sayı 5, s. 28–41.
  • EDWARDS, Michael (1999), “Civil Society and Global Governance”, http://www.unu.edu/millennium/edwards.pdf. (EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008).
  • FARR, W. KEN, Richard A. Lord ve J. Larry WOLFENBARGER (1998), “Economic Freedom, Political Freedom and Economic Well-Being: A Causality Analysis”, Cato Journal, Cilt 18, Sayı 2, s. 247-262.
  • FOWLER, Alan (2000a), “Civil Society, NGDOs and Social Development: Changing the Rules Of The Game”, Geneva 2000 Occasional Paper, No.1.
  • FOWLER, Alan (2000b), “NGDOs As a Moment in History: Beyond Aid to Social Entrepreneurship or Civic Innovation”, Third World Quarterly, Cilt 21, Sayı 4, s. 637–654.
  • FOWLER, Alan (2001), “Social Economy in the South: A Civil Society Perspective”, http://www.intrac.org/docs/Social%20Economy.pdf. (EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008).
  • FOWLER, Alan (2005), “Aid Architecture: Reflections on NGDO Futures and the Emergence of Counter-Terrorism”, INTRAC Occasional Papers Series, Sayı 45, s. 1-42.
  • FREEDOM HOUSE (2008), “Freedom in the World”, http://www.freedomhouse.org/ template.cfm?page=363&year=2006&country=7077 (EriĢim Tarihi:11.03. 2009).
  • FUKUYAMA, Francis (2002), “Social Capital and Development: The Coming Agenda”, SAIS Review, Cilt 22, Sayı 1, s. 24-40.
  • GIDDENS, Anthony (1999), Üçüncü Yol ve EleĢtirileri, (Çev. Nihat ġad), Phoenix Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • GOUNDER, Rukmani (1999), “An Empirical Analysis of Fiji’s Political Economy of Development”, http://econ.massey.ac.nz/publications/discuss/dp99-13.pdf (EriĢim Tarihi: 05.05.2009).
  • GWARTNEY, James, Robert Lawson ve Seth Norton (2008), “Economic Freedom of the World 2008 Annual Report”, Fraser Institute Press, Canada.
  • HAAN, Jacob de ve Jan-Egbert STURM (1999), “On the Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth”, http://ccso.eldoc.ub. rug.nl/FILES/root/1999/199903/199903.pdf (EriĢim Tarihi: 05.05.2009).
  • HAILEY, John (1999), “Ladybirds, Missionaries and NGOs. Voluntary Organisations and Co-operatives in 50 Years of Development: A Historical Perspective on Future Challenges”, Public Administration and Development, Sayı 19, s. 467–485.
  • LEWIS, David ve Paul Opoku-MENSAH (2006), “Moving Forward Research Agendas on International NGOs: Theory, Agency and Context” http://personal.lse.ac.uk/lewisd/images/lewis-opoku.pdf.(EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008).
  • LEWIS, David ve Babar SOBHAN (1999), “Routes of Funding, Roots of Trust? Northern NGOs, Southern NGOs, Donors and the Rise of Direct Funding,” Development in Practice, Cilt 9, Sayı 1&2, s. 117-129.
  • LEWIS, David, ANTHONY Bebbington, SIMON P. J. BATTERBURY, Al-pa Shah, ELIZABETH OLSON, M. SHAMEEM Sıddıqı ve Sandra DUVALL (2003), “Practice, Power and Meanning: Frameworks For Studying Organizational Culture in Multi-Agency Rural Development Projects”, Journal of International Development, Sayı 15, s. 541–547.
  • Library of Parliament (2009), “Official Development Assistance”, http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0710-e.htm (EriĢim Tarihi: 20.10.2008).
  • LORGEN, Christy Cannon (1998), “Dancing With the State: The Role of NGOs in Health Care and Health Policy,” Journal of International Development, Sayı 10, s. 323–339.
  • MADAN, Anisha (2002),“The Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Socio-Economic Development”, www.econ.ilstu.edu/UAUJE/PDF's/CarrolRound/ madanpost.pdf (EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008).
  • MAGELI, Eldrid (2005), “Exploring The NGO Environment in Kolkata: The Universe of Unnayan, Chhinnamul and Sramajibi”, The European Journal of Development Research, Cilt 17, Sayı 2, s. 249–269.
  • MANAN, Ömer (2009), “Kurumsal Yapı Olarak Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Özgürlüklerin Ekonomik Performansa Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, (YayınlanmamıĢ Yüksek Lisans Tezi), ZKÜ SBE Ġktisat Anabilim Dalı, Zonguldak.
  • MCGILLIVRAY, Mark ve Farhad NOORBAKHSH (2004), “Aid, Conflict and Human Development”, http://www.gilmorehillg12.co.uk/media/media_21788_en.pdf (EriĢim Tarihi: 02.09.2009).
  • NAUGHTON, John (2001), “Contested Space: The Internet and Global Civil Society”, http://www.cries.org/FDC/Adjuntos/Ch6_yearbook.pdf (EriĢim Tarihi: 02.09.2009).
  • OECD (2009), “Official Development Assistance”http://stats.oecd.org/qwids/
  • (Erisim Tarihi: 23/04/2009).
  • ÖNSOY, Gökhan (2009), “Sivil Toplum KuruluĢlarının Kalkınmaya Etkisi: Teorik Çerçeve-Ampirik Bulgular”, (YayınlanmamıĢ Yüksek Lisans Tezi”, ZKÜ SBE Ġktisat Anabilim Dalı, Zonguldak.
  • PUTNAM, Robert D. (1994); “What Makes Democracy Work”, IPA Review, Cilt 47, Sayı 1, s. 31–34.
  • SEN, Amartya (1999), Özgürlükle Kalkınma, (Çev. Yavuz Alogan), Ayrıntı Yayınevi, Ġstanbul.
  • SEN, Siddharta (1999), “Some Aspects of State-NGO Relationships in India in the Post-Independence Era”, Development and Change, Sayı. 30, s. 327–355.
  • SMILLIE, Ian (1997), “NGOs and Development Assistance: A Change in Mind-Set?”, Third World Quarterly, Cilt 18, Sayı 3, s. 563–577.
  • SOLLIS, Peter (1995), “Partners in Development? The State, Nongovernmental Organizations and the UN in Central America”, Third World Quarterly, Cilt 16, Sayı 3.
  • SUKONTAMARN, Pataporn (2005), “The Entry of NGO Schools and Girls’ Educational Outcomes in Bangladesh”, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id=1158332 (EriĢim Tarihi: 12.10.2008)
  • TOWNSEND, Janet Gabriel (1999), “Are Nongovernmental Organizations Working in Development a Transnational Community?”, Journal of International Development, Sayı 11, s. 613–623.
  • TOWNSEND, Janet Gabriel, GINA PORTER, Emma MAWDSLEY (2002), “The Role of the Transnational Community of Non-Government Organizations, Governance or Poverty Reduction”, Journal of International Development, Sayı14, s. 829–839.
  • TSOLMON, Urelma (2004), “The Organizational Analysis of Non-Governmental Development Organizations”, (YayınlanmamıĢ Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Brigham Young University, Master of Arts, International and Area Studies, Amerika BirleĢik Devletleri.
  • TÜRKAY, Mehmet (1996), “GeliĢme Ġktisadının Bir Disiplin Olarak Ortaya ÇıkıĢı,” GeliĢme Ġktisadı: Kuram-EleĢtiri-Yorum, (Der. Tamer ĠĢgüden, Fuat Ercan, Mehmet Türkay), Beta Yayınları, s. 112–139.
  • TÜYLÜOĞLU, ġevket (2008), “Uluslararası Kalkınma Bankaları: Çok Yanlı Finansal Kurumların GeniĢleyen Rolü,” Ekonomik Entegrasyon: Küresel ve Bölge-sel YaklaĢım, (Ed. O. Küçükahmetoğlu, H. ÇeĢtepe, ġ. Tüylüoğlu), Ekin Kitabevi Yayınları, Bursa, s. 169-202.
  • TÜYLÜOĞLU, ġevket ve Burak KARALI (2006), “Ġnsani Kalkınma ve Türkiye Ġçin Değerlendirilmesi, SÜ ĠĠBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik AraĢtırmalar Dergisi, Sayı 12, s. 59–89.
  • ULVĠLA, Makro ve Farhad HOSSAĠN (2002), “Development NGOs and Political Participation of the Poor in Bangladesh and Nepal,” Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organisations, Cilt 13, Sayı 2, s. 149–163.
  • UNDP (2008), Human Development Report, http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indi
  • cators/ (EriĢim Tarihi: 07.03.2009).
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language TR
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şevket Tüylüoğlu This is me

Gökhan Önsoy This is me

Publication Date May 13, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2012 Issue: 8

Cite

APA Tüylüoğlu, Ş., & Önsoy, G. (2015). SİVİL TOPLUM KALKINMA KURULUŞLARININ KALKINMAYA ETKİSİ. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi(8). https://doi.org/10.18092/ijeas.18697

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