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THE CAUSALITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CO2 EMISSION-ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN ECONOMETRICAL ANALYSIS ON G7 COUNTRIES

Year 2018, Issue: 21, 33 - 46, 08.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.263545

Abstract

Today, efforts for alleviating
the side effects of global warming and the fact that the environmental
pollution is increasing bring about the use of energy sources that cause CO2
emission. Economic growth and economic development that take place in the
preceding stages increase the use of energy sources. This process leads to the
drain of country’s energy reserves while it also leads to an increase in the
levels of CO2. For this reason, variables should be formulated at an optimal
level from the perspective of reducing CO2 emissions, saving energy, and
adjusting economic performance. In this study, it was studied whether there is
a relationship among CO2 emission, energy consumption, and economic growth in
G7 countries
. For this end, panel unit
root tests, panel co-integration tests, and panel causality tests were
performed by using the data of G7 countries between 1980 and 2011. According to
the unit root test results, the variables that are not stationary at level are
co-integrated in the long term. The panel causality test result of the study
showed that there is a bilateral causality relationship between CO2 emission
and GDP as well as between GDP and energy consumption. For the policy makers,
the results of this study prioritises the fact that energy efficiency increases
from a technological perspective in G7 countries and that they can make
environmental-friendly plans. 

References

  • Akay, E. Ç., Abdieva, R., ve Oskonbaeva, Z. (2015, Eylül). Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, İktisadi Büyüme ve Karbondioksit Emisyonu Arasındaki Nedensel İlişki: Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika Ülkeleri Örneği, Sözel Bildiri, International Conference On Eurasian Economies 2, Russia, Kazan.
  • Alam, M. J., Begum, I. A., Buysse, Rahman, J., S., ve Huylenbroeck, G. V. (2011). Guido Van Huylenbroeckd Dynamic Modeling of Causal Relationship Between Energy Consumption,CO2 Emissions And Economic Growth in India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, (15), 243– 3251.
  • Alam, M. J., Begum, I. A., Buysse, J., ve Huylenbroeck, G. V. (2012), Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth Nexus in Bangladesh: Cointegration and Dynamic Causality Analysis. Energy Policy, Vol. 45, pp. 217-225.
  • Apergis, N., ve Payne, J. E. (2009). CO2 Emissions, Energy Usage and Output in Central America. Energy Policy, (37), 3282-3286.
  • Breusch, T. S., ve Pagan, A.R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey. Ecological Economics, (49), 431-455.
  • Ergün, S., ve Polat, M. A. (2015). OECD Ülkelerinde Co2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (45), 115-141.
  • Essien, A. V. (2011, Temmuz 16). The Relationship Between Economic Growth And Co2 Emissions And The Effects Of Energy Consumption On Co2 Emission Patterns In Nigerian Economy. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2148916 adresinden elde edildi.
  • Farhani, S., ve Rejeb, J. B. (2012). Energy Consumption,Economic Growth and CO2 Emissionas: Evidence from Panel Data for MENA Region. International Journal of Energy, Economics and Policy, 2(2), 71-81.
  • Hossain, M. S. (2011). Panel Estimation for CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption Economic Growth Trade Openness and Urbanization of Newly Industrialized Countries. Energy Policy,(39), 6991–6999.
  • Jalil, A., ve Mahmud, S. F. (2009). Environment Kuznets Curve for CO2 Emissions: A Cointegration Analysis for China. Energy Policy, (37), 5167–5172.
  • Jaunky, V. C. (2011), The CO2 Emissions-Income Nexus: Evidence From Rich Countries. Energy Policy, (39), 1228-1240.
  • Lean, H. H., ve Smyth, R. (2010). CO2 Emissions, Electricity Consumption and Output in ASEAN. Applied Energy,(87), 1858-1864.
  • Lotfalipour, M., ve Falahi, M. A., Ashena, M. (2010). Economic Growth, CO2 Emissions, and Fosil Fuels Consumption in Iran. Energy Policy, (35), 5115-5120.
  • Menegaki, A. N. (2011). Growth and Renewable Energy in Europe: A Random Effect Model With Evidence for Neutrality Hypothesis. Enegy Economics, (33), 257-263.
  • Niu, S., Ding, Y., Niu, Y., Li, Y., ve Luo, G. (2011). Economic Growth, Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduc-tion: A Comparative Analysis Based On Panel Data For 8 Asian-Pacific Countries”. Energy Policy, (39), 2121-2131.
  • Pao, H.-T., ve Chung-Ming, T. (2010). CO2 Emissions , Energy Consumption And Economic Growth in BRIC Countries. Energy Policy, (38), 7850–7860.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22 (2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. University of Cambridge Working Paper Series, 0435, 1-39

CO2 EMİSYONU- ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ: G7 ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE EKONOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ

Year 2018, Issue: 21, 33 - 46, 08.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.263545

Abstract

Günümüzde çevre
kirliliğinin artan boyutlara ulaşması ve küresel ısınmanın olumsuz etkilerinin
hafifletilmesi yönündeki çabalar CO2 salınımına neden olan enerji
kaynaklarının kullanımı sorununu gündeme getirmiştir. Ekonomik büyüme ve daha
ileriki bir aşama olan ekonomik kalkınma enerji kaynaklarının kullanımını
hızlandırır. Bu süreç enerji rezervlerinin tükenmesi yanında CO2
emisyonu düzeyinde de artışa neden olur. Bu nedenle de CO2
emisyonunun azalması, enerji tasarrufu sağlanması ve ekonomik performansın
ayarlanması açısından bu üç değişkenin optimal düzeyinin birlikte formüle
edilmesi gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, G7 ülkelerinde CO2
emisyonu, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasında ilişki olup olmadığını
araştırılmıştır.
Bu
amaçla, G7 ülkelerinin 1980-2011 dönemi verileri kullanılarak panel birim kök,
panel eş bütünleşme ve panel nedensellik testleri kullanılmıştır. Birim kök
testi sonuçlarına göre d
üzeyde
durağan olmayan
değişkenler uzun
dönemde eş bütünleşiktir. Çalışmanın panel nedensellik testi sonuçları, G7
ülkelerinde CO2 emisyonu ile GSYH ve enerji tüketimi ile GSYH
arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın
sonuçları politika yapıcılar için G7 ülkelerinde enerji verimliliğindeki
artışın teknolojik açıdan önceliklendirilmesini ve çevre dostu politikalarda
ortak hareket planları uygulamalarını öncelikli kılmaktadır. 

References

  • Akay, E. Ç., Abdieva, R., ve Oskonbaeva, Z. (2015, Eylül). Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, İktisadi Büyüme ve Karbondioksit Emisyonu Arasındaki Nedensel İlişki: Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika Ülkeleri Örneği, Sözel Bildiri, International Conference On Eurasian Economies 2, Russia, Kazan.
  • Alam, M. J., Begum, I. A., Buysse, Rahman, J., S., ve Huylenbroeck, G. V. (2011). Guido Van Huylenbroeckd Dynamic Modeling of Causal Relationship Between Energy Consumption,CO2 Emissions And Economic Growth in India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, (15), 243– 3251.
  • Alam, M. J., Begum, I. A., Buysse, J., ve Huylenbroeck, G. V. (2012), Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth Nexus in Bangladesh: Cointegration and Dynamic Causality Analysis. Energy Policy, Vol. 45, pp. 217-225.
  • Apergis, N., ve Payne, J. E. (2009). CO2 Emissions, Energy Usage and Output in Central America. Energy Policy, (37), 3282-3286.
  • Breusch, T. S., ve Pagan, A.R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey. Ecological Economics, (49), 431-455.
  • Ergün, S., ve Polat, M. A. (2015). OECD Ülkelerinde Co2 Emisyonu, Elektrik Tüketimi ve Büyüme İlişkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (45), 115-141.
  • Essien, A. V. (2011, Temmuz 16). The Relationship Between Economic Growth And Co2 Emissions And The Effects Of Energy Consumption On Co2 Emission Patterns In Nigerian Economy. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2148916 adresinden elde edildi.
  • Farhani, S., ve Rejeb, J. B. (2012). Energy Consumption,Economic Growth and CO2 Emissionas: Evidence from Panel Data for MENA Region. International Journal of Energy, Economics and Policy, 2(2), 71-81.
  • Hossain, M. S. (2011). Panel Estimation for CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption Economic Growth Trade Openness and Urbanization of Newly Industrialized Countries. Energy Policy,(39), 6991–6999.
  • Jalil, A., ve Mahmud, S. F. (2009). Environment Kuznets Curve for CO2 Emissions: A Cointegration Analysis for China. Energy Policy, (37), 5167–5172.
  • Jaunky, V. C. (2011), The CO2 Emissions-Income Nexus: Evidence From Rich Countries. Energy Policy, (39), 1228-1240.
  • Lean, H. H., ve Smyth, R. (2010). CO2 Emissions, Electricity Consumption and Output in ASEAN. Applied Energy,(87), 1858-1864.
  • Lotfalipour, M., ve Falahi, M. A., Ashena, M. (2010). Economic Growth, CO2 Emissions, and Fosil Fuels Consumption in Iran. Energy Policy, (35), 5115-5120.
  • Menegaki, A. N. (2011). Growth and Renewable Energy in Europe: A Random Effect Model With Evidence for Neutrality Hypothesis. Enegy Economics, (33), 257-263.
  • Niu, S., Ding, Y., Niu, Y., Li, Y., ve Luo, G. (2011). Economic Growth, Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduc-tion: A Comparative Analysis Based On Panel Data For 8 Asian-Pacific Countries”. Energy Policy, (39), 2121-2131.
  • Pao, H.-T., ve Chung-Ming, T. (2010). CO2 Emissions , Energy Consumption And Economic Growth in BRIC Countries. Energy Policy, (38), 7850–7860.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22 (2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. University of Cambridge Working Paper Series, 0435, 1-39
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Canan Sancar

Melike Atay Polat

Publication Date March 8, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Issue: 21

Cite

APA Sancar, C., & Atay Polat, M. (2018). CO2 EMİSYONU- ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ: G7 ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE EKONOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi(21), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.263545

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