THE EFFECT OF LEADER’S POSITIONAL AND PERSONAL POWER ON EMPLOYEE’S ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

Year 2018, 17. UIK Special Issue, 473 - 484, 04.07.2018

Cem Harun Meydan , Çağdaş Akif Kahraman

https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.433157

Abstract

Leader’s power
that effect organisational perfomance directly, and perception of the leader’s
power by employees have a very important role in organisational researches. In
this research, leader’s power is handled in two dimension as positional and
personal power. And examined the effect of the leader’s power on employee’s
commitment. Participants are 107 people and from a private company in Ankara.
Path analysis is done to answer the research question by AMOS. As a result of
the analysis is found that the positional power of leader has a strong effect
and leader’s personal power has a weak effect on  employee’s commitment. The cause of the
strong perception of the leader’s positional power on employee’s commitment is
because of the Turkish culture where power distance and organizational
hierarchy is high.

Keywords

Power, Leader’s Power, , Organizational Commitment

ÇALIŞANIN ÖRGÜTE BAĞLILIĞINDA LİDERİN POZİSYON VE KİŞİSEL GÜCÜNÜN ETKİSİ

Abstract

Örgüt
performansına doğrudan etki eden liderin gücü ve astlar tarafından bu gücün
algılanmasının örgütsel araştırmalarda önemli bir yeri vardır. Bu çalışmada
liderin gücü, pozisyon ve kişisel güç olarak iki boyutta ele alınmakta ve
çalışan bağlılığı üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmaktadır. Araştırma Ankara’da özel
bir şirkette çalışan 107 kişinin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sorusunun
aydınlatılabilmesi için AMOS yazılımı ile yol analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz
sonucunda, liderin pozisyon gücünün çalışan bağlılığı üzerinde etkili olduğu,
liderin kişisel gücünün bağlılık üzerinde düşük düzeyde etkili olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Liderin pozisyonundan kaynaklanan gücünün yüksek olarak
algılanması ve bunun da bağlılık üzerinde etkili olmasının, hem güç mesafesinin
yüksek olduğu hem de örgütlerde hiyerarşi eğiliminin de yüksek olduğu Türk
Kültüründen kaynaklandığı değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

Güç, Liderin Gücü, , Örgütsel Bağlılık

References

• Allen, N. J. ve Meyer, J. P. (1990). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to The Organization. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18.
• Astley, W. G. ve Sachdeva, P. S. (1984). Structural Sources of Intraorganizational: Power: A Theoretical Synthesis. Academy of Management Review, 9(1), 104-113.
• Atwater, L. E. ve Yammarino, F. J. (1996). Bases of Power in Relation to Leader Behavior: A Field Investigation. Journal of Business and Psychology, 11, 3-22.
• Bogler, R. ve Somech, A. (2004). Influence of Teacher Empowerment on Teachers’ Organizational Commitment, Professional Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20(3), 277-289.
• Brass, D. J. ve Burkhardt, M. E. (1993). Potential Power and Power Use: An Investigation of Structure and Behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 441-70.
• Buchanan, B. (1974). Building Organizational Commitment: The Socialization Of Managers in Work Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19, 533-546.
• Bülbül, M. (2007). Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Kamu Kuruluşlarına Yönelik Araştırma. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kahramanmaraş.
• Cohen, A. (2007). Commitment Before and After: An Evaluation and Reconceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 17, 336-354.
• DeCotiis, T. A. ve Summers, T. P. (1987). A Path Analysis of A Model of The Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Commitment. Human Relations, 40(7), 445-470.
• Dorado, L. A. (1998). Supervisor Power Bases, Co-operative Behaviour, and Organizational Commitment. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 7(2), 163-177.
• Erkutlu, H. V. ve Chafra, J. (2006). Relationship Between Leadership Power Base and Job Stress of Subordinates: Example From Boutique Hotels. Management Research News, 29(5), 285-297.
• Etzioni, A. (1961). A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations. New York: Free Press.
• Gaertner, K. N. ve Nollen, S. D. (1989). Career Experiences, Perceptions of Employment Practices and Psychological Commitment to the Organization. Human Relations, 42(11), 975-991.
• Greenberg, Jerald ve Baron, A. Robert. (1993). Behavior in Organizations. Boston: Simon & Schuster.
• Hollander, E. P. (2009). Inclusive Leadership: The Essential Leader-Follower Relationship. New York: Routledge.
• Jaworski, B. J. ve Kohli, A. K. (1993). Market Orientation: Antecedents and Consequences. Journal of Marketing, 57(3), 53-71.
• Kanter, R. M. (1968). Commitment and Social Organization: A Study of Commitment Mechanisms in Utopian Communities. American Sociological Review, 33(4), 499-517.
• Katz, D. ve Kahn, R. L. (1977). Örgütlerin Toplumsal Psikolojisi (Çev. Can H. ve Bayar Y.) TODAİE Yayınları No: 167. Ankara: Doğan Basımevi.
• Koçel, T. (2007). İşletme Yöneticiliği (11. Baskı). İstanbul: Arıkan Yayınevi.
• Kudisch, J. D., Poteet, M. L., Dobbins, G. H., Rush, M. C. ve Russell, J. E. (1995). Expert Power, Referent Power, and Charisma: Toward The Resolution of A Theoretical Debate. Journal of Business and Psychology, 10(2), 177-195.
• Lo, M., Ramayah, T. ve Chin, L .M. (2007). Bases of Power and Job Satisfaction. ICFAI Journal of Organizational Behavior, 6(1), 41-54.
• Lukes, S. (2002). Power, Outhwaite, W. (Ed.) The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
• Lunenburg, F. C. (2012). Power and Leadership: An Influence Process. International Journal of Management, Business and Administration, 15(1), 1-9.
• Mathieu, J. E. ve Zajac, D. M. (1990). A Review and Meta-Analysis of The Antecedents, Correlates and Consequences of Organizational Commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108 (2), 171-194.
• Meydan, C. H. (2010). Örgüt Kültürü, Örgütsel Güç ve Örgütsel Adalet Algılarının Bireyin İş Tatmini ve Örgüte Bağlılığı Üzerine Etkisi: Kamuda Bir Araştırma. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara
• Meydan, C. H. ve Polat, M. (2010). Liderin Güç Kaynakları Üzerine Kültürel Bağlamda Bir Araştırma. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 65(4), 123-140.
• Meydan, C. H. ve Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi AMOS Uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Meyer, J. P. ve Allen, N. J. (1984). Testing The" Side-Bet Theory" of Organizational Commitment: Some Methodological Considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(3), 372.
• Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L. ve Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to The Organization: A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20-52.
• Meyer, J. P. ve Allen, N. J. (1991). A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
• Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. ve Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover. New York: Academic Press.
• Neale, M. A. ve Northcraft, G. B. (1991). Factors Influencing Organizational Commitment, Motivation and Work Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• O'Reilly, C. ve Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational Commitment and Psychological Attachment: The Effects of Compliance, Identification, and Internalization on Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 492-499.
• Penley, L. E. ve Gould, S. (1988). Etzioni’s Model of Organizational Involvement: A Perspective for Understanding Commitment to Organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9, 43-59.
• Polat, M. ve Meydan, C. H. (2011). Örgüt Kültürü Bağlamında Güç Eğilimi ve Örgütsel Bağlılık İlişkisinde Örgütsel Özdeşleşmenin Aracılık Rolü. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(1).
• Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T. ve Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Among Psychiatric Technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-630.
• Rahim, M.A. (1989), Relationships of leader power to compliance and satisfaction with supervision: Evidence from a national sample of managers. Journal of Management, 15(4), 545-556.
• Rahim, M. A. ve Afza, M. (1993). Leader Power, Commitment, Satisfaction, Compliance, and Propensity to Leave A Job Among US Accountants. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133(5), 611-625.
• Rahim, M. A., Khan, A. A. ve Uddin, S. J. (1994). Leader Power and Subordinates' Organizational Commitment and Effectiveness: Test of A Theory in A Developing Country. Thunderbird International Business Review, 36(3), 327-341.
• Raven, B. H., Schwarzwald, J. ve Koslowsky, M. (1998). Conceptualising and Measuring A Power Interaction Model of Interpersonal Influence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 28(4): 307-332.
• Russell, B. (2004). Power: A Social Analysis. London: Allen ve Unwin.
• Şahin, A. (2007). Türk Kamu Yönetiminde Yönetsel İletişim ve Bu Konuda Düzenlenen Bir Anket Çalışmasının Sonuçları. Maliye Dergisi, 152, 81-102.
• Sager, J. K. ve Johnston, M. W. (1989). Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commitment: A Study of Salespeople. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 9, 30-41.
• Schwarzwald, J., Koslowsky, M. ve Ochana-Levin, T. (2004). Usage of and Compliance With Power Tactics in Routine Versus Non-Routine Work Settings. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(1), 385-402.
• Schwenk, C. R. (1986). Information, Cognitive Biases and Commitment to A Course of Action. Academy of Management Review, 11(2), 298-310.
• Sheldon, M. E. (1971). Investments and Involvements as Mechanisms Producing Commitment to The Organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16, 143-150.
• Short, P. M. ve Johnson, P. E. (1994). Exploring the Links Among Teacher Empowerment, Leader Power, and Conflict. Education, 114(4), 581-594.
• Siu, O. L. (2003). Job Stress and Job Performance Among Employees in Hong Kong: The Role of Chinese Work Values and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Psychology, 38(6), 337-347.
• Somech, A. ve Drach-Zahavy, A. (2002). Relative Power and Influence Strategy: The Effects of Agent Target Organizational Power on Superiors’ Choices of Influence Strategies. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(2), 167-178.
• Steers, R. M. (1977). Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46-56.
• Steers, R. M. (1981). Introduction to organizational behavior. Goodyear Publishing Company.
• Steensma, H. ve Visser, E. (2007). Procedural Justice and Supervisors' Personal Power Bases: Effects on Employees' Perceptions of Performance Appraisal Sessions, Commitment, and Motivation. Journal of Collective Negotiations, 31(2), 101-118.
• Şeşen, H. (2010). Öncülleri ve Sonuçları ile Örgüt içi Girişimcilik: Türk Savunma Sanayinde Bir Araştırma. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Weiner, Y. (1982). Commitment in Organizations: A Normative View. Academy of Management Review, 7(3), 418-428.
• Winkler, I. (2009). Idiosyncrasy Credit Model of Leadership, Contemporary Leadership Theories Enhancing the Understanding of the Complexity, Subjectivity and Dynamic of Leadership. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.
• Yağil, D. (2002). Substitution of A Leader's Power Bases by Contextual Variables. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 5(3), 383-399.
• Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in Organizations (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.