Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Türkiye'nin İlleri Arasındaki Ticaretin Yapısal Çekim Modeli ile Analizi

Year 2023, Issue: 38, 73 - 88, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1140538

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin illeri arasındaki ticaret akımları yapısal çekim modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Dış ticaret literatüründe yaygın bir şekilde ticaret maliyetlerinin ticaret akımlarına olan etkisini tahmin etmek için kullanılan çekim modeli, bu çalışmada bölgeler arası ticaret akımlarının incelenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, Türkiye’nin 81 ilinin 2006-2020 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Çekim modeli literatüründe sıklıkla karşılaşılan sıfır ticaret akımları ve çok yönlü direnç terimlerinin ihmali gibi problemler çeşitli ekonometrik yöntemlerle ele alınmıştır. Ulaşılan bulgulara göre; aralarında ticaret yapan illerin GSYH’lerindeki artış, illerin komşuluk ilişkisi ve illerin denize kıyısının olması ikili ticareti artırırken; iki il arasındaki mesafe ve illerin komşu bir ülkeyle sınırının olması ikili ticareti azaltmaktadır. Ayrıca, analiz sonucunda Linder hipotezinin öngörüsünün tersi bir sonuca ulaşılmıştır. Buna göre, Türkiye’deki iller arasındaki talep koşullarındaki farklılıkların ikili ticareti artırıcı bir etkisi bulunmaktadır.

References

  • Anderson, J. E. (1979). A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation. American Economic Association, 69(1), 106-116.
  • Anderson, J. E. (2011). The Gravity Model. Annual Review of Economics, 3(1), 133-160.
  • Anderson, J. E., & Wincoop, E. v. (2003). Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle. American Economic Review, 93(1), 170-192.
  • Armington, P. S. (1969). A Theory of Demand for Products Distinguished by Place of Production. IMF Econ Rev, 16, 159-178.
  • Baier, S. L., & Bergstrand, J. H. (2009). Bonus vetus OLS: A simple method for approximating international trade-cost effects using the gravity equation. Journal of International Economics, 77(1), 77-85.
  • Bergeijk, P. A., & Brakman, S. (2010). The Gravity Model in International Trade: Advances and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bergstrand, J. H. (1985). The Gravity Equation in International Trade: Some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 67(3), 474-481.
  • Bergstrand, J. H. (1989). The Generalized Gravity Equation, Monopolistic Competition, and the Factor-Proportions Theory in International Trade. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 71(1), 143-153.
  • Brodzicki, T., & Uminski, S. (2018). A gravity panel data analysis of foreign trade by regions: the role of metropolises and history. Regional Studies, 52(3), 261-273.
  • Çelik, M. Y., & Abaz, Ö. (2021). Çekim Modeli ile İç Ticaretin Analizi; Kastamonu Örneği. Sakarya İktisat Dergisi, 10(2), 115-139.
  • Deardorff, A. (1998). Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in a Neoclassical World? J. A. Frankel içinde, The Regionalization of the World Economy (s. 7-32). University of Chicago Press.
  • Eaton, J., & Kortum, S. (2002). Technology, Geography, and Trade. Econometrica, 70(5), 1741-1779.
  • Gómez-Herrera, E. (2013). Comparing alternative methods to estimate gravity models of bilateral trade. Empirical Economics, 44(3), 1087-1111.
  • Head, K. (2003). Gravity for beginners. University of British Columbia.
  • Head, K., & Mayer, T. (2014). Chapter 3 - Gravity Equations: Workhorse,Toolkit, and Cookbook. G. Gopinath, E. Helpman, & K. Rogoff içinde, Handbook of International Economics (Cilt 4, s. 131-195).
  • Helpman, E., & Krugman, P. (1985). Market structure and Foreign Trade. The MIT press.
  • Helpman, E., Melitz, M., & Rubinstein, Y. (2008). Estimating Trade Flows: Trading Partners and Trading Volumes. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(2), 441-487.
  • Hewings, G. J., & Oosterhaven, J. (2021). Interregional Trade: Models and Analyses. M. M. Fischer, & P. Nijkamp içinde, Handbook of Regional Science (s. 373-395). Berlin: Springer.
  • Isard, W. (1956). Location and space-economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Krugman, P. (2015). Interregional and International Trade: Different Causes, Different Trends? P. Nijkamp, A. Rose, & K. Kourtit içinde, Regional Science Matters (s. 27–34). Springer.
  • McCallum, J. (1995). National Borders Matter: Canada-U.S. Regional Trade Patterns. The American Economic Review, 85(3), 615-623.
  • Novy, D. (2006). Is the Iceberg Melting Less Quickly? International Trade Costs after World War II. Warwick Economic Research Paper, 764. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=944421 adresinden alındı
  • Ohlin, B. (1933). Interregional and international trade. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Okubo, T. (2004). The border effect in the Japanese market: A Gravity Model analysis. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 18(1), 1-11.
  • Shepherd, B. (2013). The gravity model of international trade: a user guide. United Nations: ARTNeT Gravity Modeling.
  • Silva, J. M., & Tenreyro, S. (2006). The Log of Gravity. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(4), 641-658. Tinbergen, J. (1962). Shaping the World Economy; Suggestions for an International Economic Policy. New York: Twentieth Century Fund.
  • Yaşar, E., & Korkmaz, İ. (2018). Çekim Modelinin İller Arası Ticaret İlişkilerine Uygulanması: Kütahya Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(56), 97-114.
  • Yılmaz, R. (2020). İller Arası Ticaretin Belirleyicileri: Tekirdağ İli Örneği. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 69-74.
  • Yotov, Y. V. (2022). On the role of domestic trade flows for estimating the gravity model of trade. Contemporary Economic Policy, 1-15.
  • Yotov, Y. V., Piermartini, R., Monteiro, J.-A., & Larch, M. (2016). An Advanced Guide to Trade Policy Analysis: The Structural Gravity Model Online Revised Version. Geneva: World Trade Organization.
Year 2023, Issue: 38, 73 - 88, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1140538

Abstract

References

  • Anderson, J. E. (1979). A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation. American Economic Association, 69(1), 106-116.
  • Anderson, J. E. (2011). The Gravity Model. Annual Review of Economics, 3(1), 133-160.
  • Anderson, J. E., & Wincoop, E. v. (2003). Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle. American Economic Review, 93(1), 170-192.
  • Armington, P. S. (1969). A Theory of Demand for Products Distinguished by Place of Production. IMF Econ Rev, 16, 159-178.
  • Baier, S. L., & Bergstrand, J. H. (2009). Bonus vetus OLS: A simple method for approximating international trade-cost effects using the gravity equation. Journal of International Economics, 77(1), 77-85.
  • Bergeijk, P. A., & Brakman, S. (2010). The Gravity Model in International Trade: Advances and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bergstrand, J. H. (1985). The Gravity Equation in International Trade: Some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 67(3), 474-481.
  • Bergstrand, J. H. (1989). The Generalized Gravity Equation, Monopolistic Competition, and the Factor-Proportions Theory in International Trade. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 71(1), 143-153.
  • Brodzicki, T., & Uminski, S. (2018). A gravity panel data analysis of foreign trade by regions: the role of metropolises and history. Regional Studies, 52(3), 261-273.
  • Çelik, M. Y., & Abaz, Ö. (2021). Çekim Modeli ile İç Ticaretin Analizi; Kastamonu Örneği. Sakarya İktisat Dergisi, 10(2), 115-139.
  • Deardorff, A. (1998). Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in a Neoclassical World? J. A. Frankel içinde, The Regionalization of the World Economy (s. 7-32). University of Chicago Press.
  • Eaton, J., & Kortum, S. (2002). Technology, Geography, and Trade. Econometrica, 70(5), 1741-1779.
  • Gómez-Herrera, E. (2013). Comparing alternative methods to estimate gravity models of bilateral trade. Empirical Economics, 44(3), 1087-1111.
  • Head, K. (2003). Gravity for beginners. University of British Columbia.
  • Head, K., & Mayer, T. (2014). Chapter 3 - Gravity Equations: Workhorse,Toolkit, and Cookbook. G. Gopinath, E. Helpman, & K. Rogoff içinde, Handbook of International Economics (Cilt 4, s. 131-195).
  • Helpman, E., & Krugman, P. (1985). Market structure and Foreign Trade. The MIT press.
  • Helpman, E., Melitz, M., & Rubinstein, Y. (2008). Estimating Trade Flows: Trading Partners and Trading Volumes. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(2), 441-487.
  • Hewings, G. J., & Oosterhaven, J. (2021). Interregional Trade: Models and Analyses. M. M. Fischer, & P. Nijkamp içinde, Handbook of Regional Science (s. 373-395). Berlin: Springer.
  • Isard, W. (1956). Location and space-economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Krugman, P. (2015). Interregional and International Trade: Different Causes, Different Trends? P. Nijkamp, A. Rose, & K. Kourtit içinde, Regional Science Matters (s. 27–34). Springer.
  • McCallum, J. (1995). National Borders Matter: Canada-U.S. Regional Trade Patterns. The American Economic Review, 85(3), 615-623.
  • Novy, D. (2006). Is the Iceberg Melting Less Quickly? International Trade Costs after World War II. Warwick Economic Research Paper, 764. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=944421 adresinden alındı
  • Ohlin, B. (1933). Interregional and international trade. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Okubo, T. (2004). The border effect in the Japanese market: A Gravity Model analysis. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 18(1), 1-11.
  • Shepherd, B. (2013). The gravity model of international trade: a user guide. United Nations: ARTNeT Gravity Modeling.
  • Silva, J. M., & Tenreyro, S. (2006). The Log of Gravity. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(4), 641-658. Tinbergen, J. (1962). Shaping the World Economy; Suggestions for an International Economic Policy. New York: Twentieth Century Fund.
  • Yaşar, E., & Korkmaz, İ. (2018). Çekim Modelinin İller Arası Ticaret İlişkilerine Uygulanması: Kütahya Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(56), 97-114.
  • Yılmaz, R. (2020). İller Arası Ticaretin Belirleyicileri: Tekirdağ İli Örneği. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 69-74.
  • Yotov, Y. V. (2022). On the role of domestic trade flows for estimating the gravity model of trade. Contemporary Economic Policy, 1-15.
  • Yotov, Y. V., Piermartini, R., Monteiro, J.-A., & Larch, M. (2016). An Advanced Guide to Trade Policy Analysis: The Structural Gravity Model Online Revised Version. Geneva: World Trade Organization.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ozan Çağrı Demiray 0000-0003-2050-2158

Early Pub Date January 31, 2023
Publication Date January 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 38

Cite

APA Demiray, O. Ç. (2023). Türkiye’nin İlleri Arasındaki Ticaretin Yapısal Çekim Modeli ile Analizi. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi(38), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1140538

______________________________________________________

Address: Karadeniz Technical University Department of Economics Room Number 213  

61080 Trabzon / Turkey

e-mail : uiiidergisi@gmail.com