EMPATİK LİDERLİK VE YAŞAM DOYUMU ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE İŞ TATMİNİNİN ARACILIK ROLÜ

Year 2025, Issue: 46, 297 - 310, 12.02.2025

Muhammet Tortumlu

https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1510670

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı empatik liderliğin çalışanın yaşam doyumuna etkisinde iş doyumunun aracı rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu İstanbul’da yaşayan ve özel işletmelerin insan kaynakları, satın alma, halkla ilişkiler, finans, muhasebe birimlerinde ofis temelli çalışan bulunan 382 beyaz yakalı çalışandan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 36’dır. Araştırmada veriler, demografik bilgi formu ve üç farklı öz-bildirim ölçeği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistiklerin yanı sıra değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin saptanması için Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı ve Bootstrap Analizi kullanılmıştır. Aracılık analizinde Hayes’in Process Makrosundan faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre çalışanın yaşam doyumunda empatik liderliğin etkisinin olduğu ve bu etkide iş tatmininin aracı role sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Empatik Liderlik, Yaşam Doyumu, Çalışan İyi-oluşu, İş Tatmini

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPATHIC LEADERSHIP AND LIFE SATISFACTION

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between empathetic leadership and employees' life satisfaction. The study sample consists of 382 white-collar workers based in Istanbul, employed in office-based roles across human resources, procurement, public relations, finance, and accounting departments of private enterprises. The average age of participants is 36 years. Data were collected using a demographic information form and three different self-report scales. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Bootstrap Analysis were employed for data analysis to determine relationships between variables. Hayes' Process Macro was used for mediation analysis. According to the results of the research, it is understood that empathetic leadership has an effect on employee life satisfaction and job satisfaction has a mediating role in this effect.

Keywords

Empathetic Leadership, Life Satisfaction, Employee Well-being, Job Satisfaction

References

• Arghode, V., Lathan, A., Alagaraja, M., Rajaram, K., & McLean, G. N. (2022). Empathic Organizational Culture and Leadership: Conceptualizing the Framework. European Journal of Training and Development, 46(1/2), 239-256.
• Arnold, K. A. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Employee Psychological Well-Being: A Review and Directions for Future Research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 381.
• Axelrod, R. (2009). The Evolution of Cooperation (Rev. Ed.). New York, Ny: Basic Books.
• Bialowolski, P., & Weziak-Bialowolska, D. (2021). Longitudinal Evidence for Reciprocal Effects Between Life Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(3), 1287-1312.
• Bono J. E., Foldes H. J., Vinson G. and Muros J. P. (2007). Workplace Emotions: The Role of Supervision and Leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1357-1367.
• Bošnjaković, J., and Radionov, T. (2018). Empathy: Concepts, Theories and Neuroscientific Basis. Alcoholism and Psychiatry Research: Journal on Psychiatric Research and Addictions, 54, 123–150.
• Bowles, S. and Gintis, H. (2011). A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution. Princeton, Nj: Princeton University Press.
• Bowling, N. A., Eschleman, K. J., and Wang, Q. (2010). A Meta‐Analytic Examination of the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Subjective Well‐Being. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(4), 915-934.
• Busseri, M. A., and Sadava, S. W. (2011). A Review of the Tripartite Structure of Subjective Well-Being: Implications for Conceptualization, Operationalization, Analysis, and Synthesis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(3), 290–314. Doi:10.1177/1088868310 391271.
• Cartwright, S., and Cooper, C. L. (1994). No Hassle: Taking the Stress Out of Work. London: Century Books
• Cornelis, I., Van Hiel, A., De Cremer, D. and Mayer, D. M. (2013). When Leaders Choose to be Fair: Follower Belongingness Needs and Leader Empathy Influences Leaders’ Adherence to Procedural Fairness Rules. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 605-613.
• Cummins, R. A., Gullone, E., and Lau, A. L. D. (2002). A Mode of Subjective Well-Being Homeostasis: The Role of Personality. In E. Gullone and R. A. Cummins (Eds.), The Universality of Subjectivy Wellbeing İndicators a Multi-Disciplinary and Multi-National Perspective (Vol. 16). Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Dağlı, A., and Baysal, N. (2016). Adaptatıon of the Satısfactıon with Life Scale in Turkısh: The Study of Valıdıty and Relıabılıty. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 15(59).
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., and Griffin, S. (1985). Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75.
• Fuller, L. P. (2023). Empathetic Leadership: Motivating Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Strengthen Leader-Member Exchange Relationships. International Business Research, 16(3), 1-38.
• Gable, S. L., Reis, H. T., & Impett, E. (7). A, & Asher, ER (2004). What Do You Do When Things Go Right? The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(2), 228-245.
• Gilbreath, B., and Benson, P. G. (2004). The Contribution of Supervisor Behavior to Employee Psychological Well-Being. Work and Stress, 18, 255–266.
• Gilstrap, J. B. and Collins, B. J. (2012). The Importance of Being Trustworthy: Trust as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Leader Behaviors and Employee Job Satisfaction. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 19, 152-163. Doi:10.1177/1548051811431827
• Giolito, V., and Van Dierendonck, D. (2015). Servant Leadership: Influence on Financial Business-Unit Performance and Employee's Well-Being. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2015, No. 1, P. 18378). Briarcliff Manor, Ny 10510: Academy of Management.
• Grant, A. M. (2013). Rocking the Boat But Keeping it Steady: The Role of Emotion Regulation in Employee Voice. Academy of Management Journal, 56, 1703-1723.
• Groves, K. S. (2006). Leader Emotional Expressivity, Visionary Leadership, and Organizational Change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 27(7), 566-583.
• Harris, K. J., and Kacmar, K. M. (2006). Too Much of a Good Thing: The Curvilinear Effect of Leader–Member Exchange on Stress. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146(1), 65–84.
• Hayes, A. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis a Regression-Based Approach. New York, Gulford Press.
• Ilies, R., Morgeson, F. P., and Nahrgang, J. D. (2005). Authentic Leadership and Eudaemonic Well-Being: Understanding Leader–Follower Outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 373-394.
• Inceoglu, I., Thomas, G., Chu, C., Plans, D., and Gerbasi, A. (2018). Leadership Behavior and Employee Well-Being: An Integrated Review and a Future Research Agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(1), 179-202.
• James, E. H., Wooten, L. P., & Dushek, K. (2011). Crisis Management: Informing a New Leadership Research Agenda. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 455-493.
• Jovanovic, V. (2011). Personality and Subjective Well-Being: One Neglected Model of Personality and Two Forgotten Aspects of Subjective Well-Being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(5), 631–635. Doi:10.1016/J.Paid.2010.12.008.
• Judge, T. A., and Watanabe, S. (1993). Another Look at the Job Satisfaction–Life Satisfaction Relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 939–948.
• Judge, T. A., Boudreau, J. W., and Bretz, R. D. (1994). Job and Life Attitudes of Male Executives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 767–782.
• Judge, T. A., Parker, S., Colbert, A. E., Heller, D., and Ilies, R. (2001). Job Satisfaction: A Cross-Cultural Review. In N. Anderson, D. S. Ones, H. K. Sinangil, and C. Viswesvaran (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial, Work and Organizational Psychology (Pp. 25–52). Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage.
• Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., and Ilies, R. (2004). The Forgotten Ones? The Validity of Consideration and Initiating Structure in Leadership Research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(1), 36.
• Kahn, W. A., Barton, M. A., & Fellows, S. (2013). Organizational Crises and the Disturbance of Relational Systems. Academy of Management Review, 38(3), 377-396.
• Kalshoven, K., and Boon, C. T. (2012). Ethical Leadership, Employee Well-Being, and Helping. Journal of Personnel Psychology.
• Kayes, D. C. (2004). The 1996 Mount Everest Climbing Disaster: The Breakdown of Learning in Teams. Human Relations, 57(10), 1263-1284.
• Keon, T. L., and Mcdonald, B. (1982). Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction: An Empirical Evaluation of Their Interrelationship. Human Relations, 35, 167–180.
• Kiefer, R. A. (2008). An Integrative Review of the Concept of Well-Being. Holistic Nursing Practice, 22(5), 244–252.
• Kock, N., Mayfield, M., Mayfield, J., Sexton, S., and De La Garza, L. M. (2019). Empathetic Leadership: How Leader Emotional Support and Understanding Influences Follower Performance. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 26(2), 217-236.
• Kosec, Z., Sekulic, S., Wilson-Gahan, S., Rostohar, K., Tusak, M., & Bon, M. (2022). Correlation Between Employee Performance, Well-Being, Job Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction in Sedentary Jobs in Slovenian Enterprises. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10427.
• Locke, E. A. (1976). The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Pp. 1297–1350). Chicago: Rand Mcnally
• Madlock, P. E. (2008). The Link Between Leadership Style, Communicator Competence, and Employee Satisfaction. Journal of Business Communication, 45, 61-78.
• Mayfield, M. and Mayfield, J. (2009). The Role of Leader-Follower Relationships in Leader Communication: A Test Using the Lmx and Motivating Language Models. Journal of Business Inquiry, 8, 6-85.
• Mayfield, M. and Mayfield, J. (2017a). Leader Talk and The Creative Spark: A Research Note on How Leader Motivating Language Use İnfluences Follower Creative Environment Perceptions. International Journal of Business Communication, 54, 210- 225.
• Mayfield, M. and Mayfield, J. (2017b). “What’s Past is Prologue”: A Look at Past Leadership Communication Research with a View toward the Future. International Journal of Business Communication, 54, 107-114. Doi:10.1177/2329488416687050
• Mayfield, M., and Mayfield, J. (2015). The Effects of Leader Motivating Language Use on Employee Decision Making. International Journal of Business Communication, 53(4), 465–484. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/2329488415572787
• Negoro, M. C. W., and Wibowo, A. (2021). Empathetıc Leadership, Job Satisfaction and Intention to Leave Among Millennials in a Start-Up Industry: Needs'satisfaction as a Mediating Variable. Journal of Indonesian Economy & Business, 36(2).
• Offermann, L. R., and Hellmann, P. S. (1996). Leadership Behavior and Subordinate Stress: A 360° View. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 382–390.
• Rain, J. S., Lane, I. M., and Steiner, D. D. (1991). A Current Look at the Job Satisfaction/Life Satisfaction Relationship: Review and Future Considerations. Human Relations, 44, 287–307.
• Raina, R. (2022). Moving Crisis to Opportunities: A Corporate Perspective on the Impact of Compassionate Empathic Behaviour on the Well-Being of Employees. International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness, 17(2), 239-255.
• Reisel, W. D., Chia, S.-L., Maloles, C. M. and Slocum, J. W. (2007). The Effects of Job Insecurity on Satisfaction and Perceived Organizational Performance. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 14, 106-116. Doi:10.1177/1071791907308055
• Rice, R. W., Near, J. P., and Hunt, R. G. (1980). The Job-Satisfaction/Life-Satisfaction Relationship: A Review of Empirical Research. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1, 37–64.
• Ruben B. D., and Gigliotti R. A. (2017). Communication: Sine Qua Non of Organizational Leadership Theory and Practice. International Journal of Business Communication, 54, 12-30.
• Russell R. F., and Stone A. G. (2002). A Review of Servant Leadership Attributes: Developing a Practical Model. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23, 145-157.
• Russell, J. E. (2008). Promoting Subjective Well-Being at Work. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(1), 117-131.
• Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is Everything, or is it? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.
• Schmitt, N., and Bedeian, A. G. (1982). A Comparison of Lisrel and Two-Stage Least Squares Analysis of a Hypothesized Life-Job Satisfaction Reciprocal Relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 806–817.
• Sharifirad, M. S. (2013). Transformational Leadership, Innovative Work Behavior, and Employee Well-Being. Global Business Perspectives, 1, 198-225.
• Shirom, A. (1989). Burnout in Work Organizations. In: C. L. Cooper and I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 1989 (Pp. 25– 48). Chichester, England: Wiley.
• Siu, O. L., Lu, C. Q., and Spector, P. E. (2007). Employees’ Well-Being in Greater China: The Direct and Moderating Effects of General Self-Efficacy. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 56(2), 288–301.
• Stewart, A. L., Hays, R. D., and Ware, J. E., Jr. (1988). The Mos Short-Form General Health Survey: Reliability and Validity in a Patient Population. Medical Care, 26(7), 724–732.
• Thomas, G. F., Zolin, R. and Hartman, J. L. (2009). The Central Role of Communication in Developing Trust and its Effect on Employee Involvement. Journal of Business Communication, 46, 287-310. Doi:10.1177/0021943609333522
• Tortumlu, M. (2023). The Impact of Empathic Leadership on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance. Journal of Adıyaman University Graduate School of Social Sciences, (45), 535-565.
• O’Brien, T. B., DeLongis, A., Pomaki, G., Puterman, E., & Zwicker, A. (2009). Couples Coping with Stress: The Role of Empathic Responding. European Psychologist, 14(1), 18-28.
• Van Dierendonck, D., Haynes, C., Borrill, C., and Stride, C. (2004). Leadership Behavior and Subordinate Well-Being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 9(2), 165.
• Veit, C. T., and Ware, J. E., Jr. (1983). The Structure of Psychological Distress and Well-Being in General Populations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51(5), 730–742.
• Vuori, T. O., & Huy, Q. N. (2016). Distributed Attention and Shared Emotions in the İnnovation Process: How Nokia Lost the Smartphone Battle. Administrative Science Quarterly, 61(1), 9-51.
• Warr, P. (1999). Well-Being and the Workplace. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, and N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (Pp. 392–412). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
• Warr, P. (2006). Differential Activation of Judgments in Employee Well-Being. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79(2), 225–244.
• Weiss, H. M., and Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective Events Theory. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18(1), 1-74.
• Wright, T. A., and Cropanzano, R. (2000). Psychological Well-Being and Job Satisfaction as Predictors of Job Performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 84.
• Wibowo, A., and Paramita, W. (2022). Resilience and Turnover Intention: The Role of Mindful Leadership, Empathetic Leadership, and Self-Regulation. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 29(3), 325-341.
• Winkler, E., Busch, C., Clasen, J. and Vowinkel, J. (2015). Changes in Leadership Behaviors Predict Changes in Job Satisfaction and Well-Being in Low-Skilled Workers: A Longitudinal Investigation. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 22, 72- 87. Doi:10.1177/1548051814527771
• Wright, T. A., and Staw, B. M. (1999). Affect and Favorable Work Outcomes Two Longitudinal Tests of the Happy-Productive Worker Thesis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(1), 1–23.
• Zapf, D. (2002). Emotion Work and Psychological Well-Being: A Review of the Literature and Some Conceptual Considerations. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 237-268.
• Zivkovic, S. (2022). Empathy in Leadership: How it Enhances Effectiveness. Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, 454-467.