POPÜLİZMİN VE POPÜLİST SÖYLEMİN KRİZ DÖNEMLERİNDE DEMOKRATİK SİYASAL SİSTEME ETKİ DÜZEYİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2025, Issue: 46, 279 - 296, 12.02.2025

Taylan Can Doğanay

https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1597547

Abstract

Popülizmi inceleyen ilk teorik çalışmalar, kavramın siyasal, toplumsal ve ekonomik boyutlarını anlamaya yönelik geniş bir analitik çerçeve sunmuş ve popülizmi bir ideoloji, söylem veya siyasal strateji olarak ele almıştır. 20. yüzyılın ortalarına kadar, popülizm çoğunlukla tarihsel ve bağlamsal bir fenomen olarak incelenirken, alternatif yaklaşımlar kavramın genel özelliklerini sistematik bir şekilde analiz etmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışma, popülizmi ve popülist söylemi ampirik ve pratik bulgulara dayalı olarak inceleyen çalışmaları içerik analizine tabi tutarak popülizmin dönüştürücü potansiyelini ve demokrasiyle karmaşık etkileşimini incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı ise, popülizmin ve popülist söylemin demokratik normlara meydan okumasını, bu meydan okumanın demokrasinin yapısal ve kurumsal dengeleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek ve demokratik siyasal sistemin popülizm karşısındaki direnç kapasitesini tartışmaktır. Araştırma bulgularına göre popülizmin ve popülist söylemin demokratik siyasal sistemi etkisi, krizlerin farklı aşamalarında belirginleşmekte ve bu dönüşüm, sistematik olarak değerlendirildiğinde popülizmin siyasal sistemlerde nasıl bir devinim oluşturduğunu anlamak mümkün hale gelmektedir. Araştırma, bu süreçleri kriz başlangıcı, kriz dönemi ve kriz sonrası olmak üzere üç ana aşamada incelemiş ve popülizmin her bir aşamada farklı düzeylerdeki etkilerini araştırma kapsamında ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

Popülizm, Demokrasi, Demokratik Normlar, Siyasal Sistem, Kriz

A STUDY ON THE IMPACT LEVEL OF POPULISM AND POPULIST DISCOURSE ON DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL SYSTEM

Abstract

The early theoretical studies examining populism provided a broad analytical framework to understand the political, social, and economic dimensions of the concept, treating populism as an ideology, discourse, or political strategy. This study examines works that analyze populism and populist discourse based on empirical and practical findings, aiming to explore the transformative potential of populism and its complex interaction with democracy. The purpose of the study is to evaluate populism's and populist discourse's challenge to democratic norms, assess the impact of this challenge on the structural and institutional balances of democracy, and discuss the democratic political system's resilience in the face of populism. According to the research findings, the impact of populism and populist discourse on the democratic political system becomes evident during different phases of crises, and when this transformation is systematically evaluated, it becomes possible to understand how populism generates momentum in political systems. The study examines these processes in three main stages crisis onset, crisis period, and post-crisis and reveals the varying levels of populism's impact at each stage within the scope of the research.

Keywords

Popülism, Democracy, Democratic Norms, Political System, Crisis

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