Evaluation of The 1974 Cyprus Peace Operation in The Light of Jus Cogens Rules

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 57 - 74

Yusuf Suiçmez

https://doi.org/10.62334/ulipod.1534215

Abstract

Shortly after the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus, the events initiated by Makarios’ attempts to amend the constitution, which escalated into internal conflicts and external interventions, culminated in Turkey’s military intervention. The effects of this intervention continue to persist today. Due to this characteristic, it has been the subject of many studies; however, it has not been evaluated in terms of the jus cogens rules, which express the universally accepted principles of international law, and the stages of the just war theory. To address this need, the 1974 Cyprus Peace Operation, a long-standing international issue, has been examined within the framework of the jus cogens rules of international law, considering the three phases of just war theory: jus ad bellum, jus in bello, and jus post bellum. This examination aims to determine the level of compliance with jus cogens international law norms in the historical and political context of the Cyprus issue, as well as the developments before, during, and after the 1974 Peace Operation. In conclusion, it has been determined that the 1974 Peace Operation adhered to the jus cogens rules of international law to the maximum extent. In the source review, a balanced selection of sources was made to objectively evaluate the assessments of both the Turkish and Greek Cypriot sides on the issue. This study is qualitative in nature, employing both inductive and deductive methods.‎

Keywords

1974 Cyprus Peace Operation, Jus Cogens, Jus ad Bellum, Jus in Bello, Jus Post Bellum

1974 Kıbrıs Barış Harekatı'nın Jus Cogens Kuralları Işığında Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulmasından kısa bir süre sonra Makarios’un anayasa değişikliği girişimleri ile başlayıp iç çatışma ve dış müdahalelere dönüşen olaylar Türkiye’nin askeri müdahalesi ile sonuçlandı. Bu müdahalenin etkileri bugün halen devam etmektedir. Bu özelliği sebebiyle birçok çalışmaya konu edinilmiş; ancak uluslararası hukukun genel geçer ilkelerini ifade eden jus cogens kuralları ve adil savaş düşüncesinin aşamaları açısından değerlendirilmemiştir. Bu ihtiyacın giderilmesi için uluslararası alanda uzun süredir devam eden bir mesele olan 1974 Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı, uluslararası hukukun jus cogens nitelikli kuralları çerçevesinde, adil savaş düşüncesinin üç evresi olan jus ad bellum, jus in bello ve jus post bellum evreleri dikkate alarak incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme neticesinde Kıbrıs meselesinin tarihi ve siyasi bağlamının yanı sıra, 1974 Barış Harekâtı öncesi, fiili savaş durumu ve sonrasındaki gelişmelerin jus cogens nitelikli uluslararası hukuk normlarına uyum düzeyinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.‎ Sonuç itibari ile de 1974 Barış Harekatı’nın uluslararası hukukun jus cogens nitelikli kurallarına azami ölçüde uyulduğu tespiti yapılmıştır. Kaynak incelemelerinde ise hem Türk hem de Kıbrıs Rum tarafının konuya ilişkin değerlendirmelerini daha objektif bir şekilde değerlendirebilmek için dengeli bir kaynak seçimi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma nitel bir çalışmadır ve araştırmada hem tüme varım hem de tümden gelim metotları birlikte kullanılmıştır.

Keywords

1974 Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı, Jus Cogens, Jus ad Bellum, Jus in Bello, Jus Post Bellum

Ethical Statement

Gerek yok

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