Anadolu Bal Arısı Arı Zehrinin ve Ticari Olarak Elde Edilen Arı Zehirlerinin Kimyasal İçerik Bakımından Karşılaştırılması

Year 2019, , 61 - 68, 29.05.2019

Taylan Samancı Meral Kekeçoğlu

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.527986

Cited By: 9

Abstract

Bu çalışmada. Anadolu bal arısından taze olarak elde edilen ve ticari olarak satılan arı zehri örnekleri içerik analizleri bakımından karşılaştırıldı. Nem tayin cihazı kullanılarak nem içeriği, HPLC-UV kullanılarak Melittin, Apamin, Fosfolipaz A2 içeriği ve HPLC-RID kullanılarak şeker profil analizi gerçekleştirildi. Ticari arı zehri örnekleri Anadolu bal arısından taze olarak toplanan arı zehri örnekleri ile karşılaştırıldığında genel olarak apamin, melittin ve fosfolipaz A2 içeriğinin ticari olarak satılan arı zehri örneklerinde daha düşük olduğu; nem ve fosfolipaz A2 bakımından gruplar arasında istatistiki olarak önemli düzeyde farklılık olduğu belirlendi (P<.05). Şeker profil analizleri değerlendirildiğinde ise maltoz ve erloz dışında şeker içerikleri bakımından iki grup arasında bir farklılık olmadığı belirlendi. Sonuçlar Anadolu bal arısından elde edilen taze arı zehri örneklerinin ticari olarak satılan arı zehri örneklerinden içerik bakımından daha kaliteli olduğunu gösterdi. Bu sonuç özellikle apiterapi veya kozmetik amaçlı kullanılacak olan zehir örneklerinin taze olarak elde edilmesi veya çok iyi koşullarda muhafaza edilmesi gerektiğini açıkça ortaya koymuştur. 

Keywords

Arı zehri, Apamin, Melittin, Fosfolipaz A2, Anadolu

COMPARISON OF COMMERCIAL AND ANATOLIAN BEE VENOM IN TERMS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Abstract

We compared fresh bee venom samples produced by Anatolian beekeepers with commercial bee venom samples based on physicochemical analyses results. Sugar content analysis was conducted using HPLC-RID, moisture content analysis was performed using a moisture analyzer and melittin, apamin and phospholipase A2 contents were analyzed via HPLC-UV. When we compared the commercial bee venom samples with the freshly collected Anatolian honey bee venom, it was determined that the apamin, melittin and phospholipase A2 contents were generally lower in the commercial bee venom samples. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the moisture and phospholipase A2 contents (p <0.5). When we evaluated the sugar profile analysis, other than in maltose and erlose no difference was found between the two groups. The results showed that the content quality of the fresh bee venom samples collected from Anatolian honey bees was higher than that of the commercially sold bee venom samples. This result clearly indicated that bee venom samples intended for use in apitherapy or for cosmetic purposes should be obtained fresh or kept under very good conditions. 

Keywords

Bee venom, Apamin, Melittin, Phospholipase A2, Anatolia

References

• Ali, M.A.A.M. 2012. Studies on Bee Venom and Its Medical Uses. IJART 1 (2) Studies on Bee Venom and Its Medical Uses. Int.J.Adv.Res.Techn. 1: 1-11.
• Banks, B.E.C. and Shipolini , R.A. 1986. Chemistry and pharmacology of honeybee venom. In "Venoms of the Hymenoptera" Piek (ed.) T , Academic Press, London, chpt. 7, 329-416.
• Bogdanov, S. 2015. Bee venom: Composition, health, medicine: A review. Peptides, 1, 1–20.
• Gajski, G. and Garaj-Vrhovac, V. 2009. Radioprotective effects of honeybee venom (Apis mellifera) against 915-MHz microwave radiation-induced DNA damage in Wistar rat lymphocytes: in vitro study. Int. J. Toxicol. 28: 88–98.
• Gauldie, J., Hanson, J.M., Rumjanek, F.D., Shipolini, R.A. and Vernon, C.A. 1976. The peptide components of bee venom. Eur. J. Biochem. 1: 369–376.
• Habermann, E. 1972. Bee and wasp venoms: the biochemistry and pharmacology of heir peptides and enzymes are reviewed. Science 177: 314–322.
• Hider, R. C. 1988. Honeybee venom: A rich source of pharmacologically active peptides. Endeavour, 12(2): 60–65.
• Kang, S.S., Pak, S.C., Choi, S.H. 2002. The effect of whole bee venom on arthritis. Am. J. Chin. Med. 30: 73–80.
• Kim, H.W., Kwon, Y.B., Ham, T.W., Roh, D.H., Yoon, S.Y., Lee, H.J., Han, H.J., Yang, I.S., Beitz, A.J. and Lee, J.H. 2003. Acupoint stimulation using bee venom attenuates formalin-induced pain behavior and spinal cord fos expression in rats. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 65: 349–355.
• Kwon, Y.B., Lee, H.J., Han, H.J., Mar, W.C., Kang, S.K., Yoon, O.B., Beitz and A.J., Lee, J.H. 2002. The water-soluble fraction of bee venom produces antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Life Sci. 71: 191–204.
• Kye-Sung, K. and Ki-Rok, K. 2009. Experimental studies of validation and stability of sweet bee venom using HPLC. Journal of Pharmacopuncture. 12(4): 33-50.
• Lee, E., Oh, E., Lee, J., Sul, D., Lee, J. 2004. Use of the tail moment of the lymphocytes to evaluate DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies. Toxicol. Sci. 81: 121–132.Moreno, M. and Giralt, E. 2015. Three Valuable Peptides from Bee and Wasp Venoms for Therapeutic and Biotechnological Use: Melittin, Apamin and Mastoparan. Toxins, 7, 1126-1150; doi:10.3390/toxins7041126.
• Neuman, W., Habermann, E. 1954. Characterization of the substances of the bee venom. Naunyn. Schmiedebergs. Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. 222: 267–287.
• Ionete, R.E., Dinca, O.R., Tamaian, R., Geana, E.I., 2013. Exploring Apis mellifera Venom Compounds Using Highly Efficient Methods. Progress of Cryogenics and Isotopes Separation 16(2): 2013 89-100.
• Pak, S. C. 2017. Chemical Composition of Bee Venom, in Bee Products- Chemical and Biological Properties. Cham: Springer: 279–285.
• Rady, I. Siddiqui, I. A. Rady, M and Mukhtar, H. 2017. Melittin, a major peptide component of bee venom, and its conjugates in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett. 402: 16–31.Rybak-Chmielewska H., Szczesna T. 2004. HPLC study of chemical composition of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) venom, Journal of Apicultural Science. 48(2): 103-109.
• Sobral F. 2016. Chemical characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of bee venom collected in Northeast Portugal, Food Chem. Toxicol., 94: 172–177.
• Son D. J., Lee, J. W. Lee, Y. H. Song, H. S. Lee, C. K. and Hong J. T. 2007. Therapeutic application of anti-arthritis, pain-releasing, and anti-cancer effects of bee venom and its constituent compounds. Pharmacol. Ther.115(2): 246–270.
• Stuhlmeier, K.M. 2007. Apis mellifera venom and melittin block neither NF-kappa B-p50-DNA interactions nor the activation of NF-kappa B, instead they activate the transcription of proinflammatory genes and the release of reactive oxygen intermediates. J. Immunol. 179: 655–664.
• Varanda E. A. and Tavares D. C. 1998. Radıoprotectıon: Mechanısms And Radıoprotectıve Agents Includıng Honeybee Venom. J. Venom. Anim. Toxins, Vol. 4(1): 5–21.
• Zenon J. Kokot, Jan M. 2009. Simultaneous Determination of Major Constituents of Honeybee Venom by LC-DAD. GWV Fachverlage GmbH.
• Zhou J., Zhao J., Zhang S., Shen J., Qı Y., Xue X., Lı Y., Wu L., Zhang J., Chen F., Chen L. 2010. Quantification of melittin and apamin in bee venom lyophilized powder from Apis mellifera by liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem. 404(2):171-178, doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.05.014