The Usage Possibilities of Synthetic and Organic Acaricides for Varroa Control

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 96 - 109, 29.05.2019

Mert Demirel , Gizem Keskin Nabi Alper Kumral

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.568321

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The most important
parasites of honeybees, Varroa spp.,
causes a rapid decrease in honey yield of colonies, weaken colony individuals,
and causes bees to be more sensitive to other diseases in advanced stages of
infection. To control this pest, many registrated chemical formulations are
effective, but the intensive use of the same active substance can cause
resistance to develop to these chemicals. The prophalatic use of these
chemicals threatens the health of the bees as well as human health due to
residue build-up in bee products. In recent years, research has focused on the
use of botanical origin acaricides, because these are easily degraded and are
considered to be natural substances that do not lead to chemical residue
build-up in hives. In addition, there is less risk of pesticide resistance
developing with the use of more natural alternatives. Some of the essential oil
acids used for Varroa control are
mainly thymol, oxalic acid, and thyme oil [(Thymus
caucasicus) (Lamiaceae)], hyssop oil [(Hyssopus
officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae)], lactic acid, caustic acid, clove oil [(Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae)],
eucalyptus oil [(Eucalyptus globulus)
(Myrtaceae)] and mint [(Mentha piperita)
(Lamiaceae)] extracts. Both extracts and mixtures of these have been used
yielding successful results. In this review, we evolauate the effectiveness on Varroa control using synthetic chemicals
and compare their control problems with alternative treatment methods. In
addition, the possibilities of using botanical and organic substances to
control Varroa mites as an alternative
to improve honey bee health will also be discussed.

Erratum: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uluaricilik/issue/54707/764600

Keywords

Varroa, Synthetic Acaricides, Botanical Acaricides, Control, Bee

VARROA MÜCADELESİNDE SENTETİK VE ORGANİK AKARİSİTLERİN KULLANIM OLANAKLARI

Abstract

Bal arılarının en önemli paraziti olan Varroa spp., bal arıların hemolenfini
emerek koloninin zayıflamasına, ileri aşamalarda ise diğer hastalıklara karşı
daha duyarlı hale gelmesine ve koloninin sönmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu zararlı ile mücadele de birçok ruhsatlı kimyasal
preparat Varroa mücadelesinde etkili
olmakta, ancak aynı etken maddenin yoğun kullanılması parazitin bu kimyasallara
karşı bağışıklık kazanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu kimyasalların bilinçsiz
kullanımı arıların sağlıklarını tehdit ettiği gibi arı ürünlerinde kalıntı bırakarak
insan sağlığını da tehlikeye sokmaktadır. Son yıllarda araştırmalar, doğada kolay parçalanan doğal bileşikler
oldukları için ve kimyasal kalıntı bırakmaması ve bağışıklık
oluşturmaması gibi özelliklerinden dolayı bitkisel orjinli preparatlara odaklanmıştır. Bazı esansiyel yağ
asitleri ile Varroa mücadelesinde
başlıca thymol, oksalik asit ve kekik [(Thymus
caucasicus) (Lamiaceae)] yağı olmakla beraber çördük [(Hyssopus officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae)] otu yağı, laktik asit, kostik
asit, karanfil [(Syzygium aromaticum
L. (Myrtaceae)] yağı, okaliptüs [(Eucalyptus
globulus) (Myrtaceae)] yağı ve nane [(Mentha
piperita) (Lamiaceae)] özütü gibi hem sadece özüt hemde bunların karışımı
ile yapılan preparatlar kullanılmakta ve başarılı sonuçlar alınmaktadır. Bu
derleme çalışmasında hem sentetik kimyasalların etkinliği ve bazı olumsuz
etkilerinden bahsedilirken, aynı zamanda bu organik etken maddelerin Varroa ve bal arıları üzerindeki
kullanım olanaklarına da değinilecektir.

Düzeltme: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/uluaricilik/issue/54707/764600

Keywords

Varroa, Sentetik Akarisitler, Bitkisel Akarisitler, Mücadele, Bal arısı

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