The Effects Of Changing The Start Time Of The Light On Carbohyrate Levels On Gallaria Mellonella Adults At Different Ages

Year 2013, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 3 - 15, 12.06.2014

Yeşim Koç Adem Gülel

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.162296

Abstract

Goal: Protein,
lipid and carbohydrate metabolism plays role in many vital activities of insects. Adult insects need certain chemicals
and energy in large quantities to maintain vital activities such
as
mating, food searching, oviposition and parasitism. Therefore, having basal nutrients such as carbohydrates, lipids
and proteins in certain
quantities is a necessity. Necessary nutrients can be stored in larva or pupa stages or adults can synthesize them by taking related precursor compounds.
Some insects use carbohydrates as the primary source of energy and keep excess
carbohydrate as lipid and
protein. Generally Diptera and Hymenopera use carbohydrates as a main energy source. G. mellonella
is a harmful
species for combs and its larvae are known as causing
serious damages in beekeeping. There are not many studies available
regarding the effects of photoperiod, age and sex on carbohydrate levels of this insect. Since significant variations in carbohydrate levels can be observed
in connection with age and sex. Purpose of this study is to determine the effects on carbohyrate levels
on Gallaria mellonella adults at different age of changing
the start time of the light

Studies with effects on carbonhydrate levels of changing
the start time of light is insufficient. Studies on this insect usually
made with fixed
fotoperiod.

Materials ve Methods:

Large wax moth Galleria
mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were used in experiments.
Studies were carried out
under the laboratory conditions at 28 ± 2°C temperature and

% 65 ± 5 relative humidity. Insects were reared at, six different photoperiod regimes eighteen hours light, six hours dark (18L; 6D) first level, (18L; 6D) second level, twelve hours light, twelve hours dark (12L; 12D) first level, (12L; 12D) second level,
six hours light,
eighteen hours dark (6L; 18D) first level,
(6L; 18D) second level). Illumination was done with

40 W fluorescent bulbs in different photoperiod regimes. It was made second level photoperiod regimes for 18L;6D, 6L; 18D, 12L; 12D under the condition different light on time. Insects were fed with honey free comb. Calculating the amount of carbohydrates for analysis, vanHandel (1985) Anthrone
test
was used.

One Way Analysis
of Variance (ANOVA) was used for the comparison of more than two groups.
Averages were assessed by using Student- Newman-Kuel (SNK) Test,
when the test results were significant. Independent Two Samples
t-test was employed for the comparison of two groups and
a = 0.05
confidence limit was taken
as
basis.

Discussion and conclusion: Photoperiod also affects the
amount of basic nutrients in
incects. The effect of photoperiod. İs clearly
seen in this study.
Some insects use carbohydrates as fuel primarily.
Under the same photoperiod regimes, there were increase amounts of carbohydrate in the first level photoperiod. Both females and and males, the amounts of carbohydrates increased as the adult aging. Increase of
dark period, caused decrease amounts     of     carbohydrates.     Amount of carbohydrate in some age groups,
no statistically significant differences, and while significant differences were found in some age groups.
This shows the importance of change the start time of light. The amount of carbohydrate in females is more than males, because females used in
the
food item,    carbohydrates    accumulate    more  
 and

synthesis.
and may be due to the consumption of more carbohydrate of male. Results from this study are show that changing
the
start time of light is very important. In this study with G. mellonella the relation between adult age and carbohydrate levels and age related gradual increase in carbohydrate level was observed. This increase might be in connection with the food as well as the inhibition of extreme carbohydrate consumption
in
the body due to Lepidoptera`s lipid preference as the primary
energy source. Increase
in the
carbohydrate level is not related to the glucose synthesis
from lipids because animals
do
not have the glyoxylate converting enzyme and glucose can not be synthesized from lipids. Besides, age related carbohydrate increase might be in connection with the components of the wax, which is the food, as they are employed
in glucose synthesis. Carbohydrate level of females, which is higher than males, can be linked to females ability of accumulating and synthesizing more carbohydrate from the food they were given and higher carbohydrate consumption of males. Training and production of Galleria mellonella
conditions of photoperiod and light revealed
the starting time should be
considered.

Keywords

Galleria Mellonella, Photoperiod, Carbohydrate, Start Time Of The Light.

Aydınlık Başlangıç Zamanının Değişik Yaştaki Galleria Mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Erginlerinin Karbonhidrat Miktarı Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Denemelerde büyük balmumu güvesi Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus,1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) kullanıldı. Çalışmalar, 28±2°C
ve %65±5 nispi nem içeren laboratuvar koşullarında yapıldı. Çalışmada kulla- nılan böcekler,
onsekiz saat aydınlık, altı saat karanlık (18A;6K); (1. Kademe) altı saat aydınlık, onsekiz saat karanlık (6A;18K); (1. Kademe),oniki saat aydınlık, oniki saat karanlık (12A;12K) (1. Kademe), onsekiz saat aydınlık, altı saat karanlık (18A;6K); (2. Kademe)altı saat aydınlık, onsekiz saat karanlık (6A;18K); (2. Kade- me),oniki
saat aydınlık, oniki saat karanlık (12A;12K) (2. Kademe) olmak üzere altı farklı fotoperiyot rejimi içeren ortamda yetiştirildi. Farklı fotoperiyot rejimlerinde, aydınlanma 40 W’lık floresan ampullerle sğlandı. Böceklerin
beslenmesinde, balsız petekler
kullanıldı.

Analizler
için karbonhidrat miktarının hesaplanmasında, van Handel’in
(1985) Anthrone testi kullanıldı. İkinci kademe şartlarında tutulan erginlerdeki karbonhidrat miktarı, 1. kademedekilerden daha düşük bulunmuştur. Ayrıca
her iki durumda, erginlerdeki karbonhidrat miktarının, yaş arttıkça
artığı gözlendi. Bütün fotoperiyot şartlarında, karbohidrat miktarının yaşla birlikte artığı saptandı. Genel olarak, uzun gün fotoperiyotlarında karbonhidrat miktarının kısa gün fotoperiyotlarındakinden, fazla olduğu görüldü.
Aynı fotoperiyot süreli, fakat aydınlanmanın başladığı zamanın farklı
olduğu fotoperiyotlarda, bazı yaş gruplarında karbohidrat miktarı
bakımından, istatistiksel olarak önemli farklar
ortaya çıkarken,
bazılarında fark önemsiz bulundu.

Keywords

Galleria mellonella, Fotoperiyot, Karbonhidrat, Aydınlık Başlangıç Zamanı

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