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Varroa (Varroa destructor) Mücadelesinde Organik Asitlerin Kullanımı

Year 2005, Volume: 05 Issue: 4, 167 - 174, 29.11.2005

Abstract

Tek üreme ve çoğalma yeri bal arısı kolonisi olan varroa gerekli önlem alınmadığında hızla çoğalarak ya kolonilerin vrimlerinin düşmesine ve ileri aşamalarda sönmesine ya da koloni bireylerini zayıf düşürerek diğer hastalıklara karşı daha duyarlı hale gelmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu durumlar bilindiğinden parazite karşı çok fazla sayıda mücadele yöntemleri geliştirilmiş olup bunların başında da kimyasal mücadele yöntemleri gelmektedir. Kimyasallar varroa mücadelesinde etkili olmakta ancak aynı ilacın birkaç kez kullanılması durumunda parazit o ilaca karşı bağışıklık kazanmakta ve ilacın değiştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Kimyasalların bilinçsiz kullanımı arıların sağlıklarını tehdit ettiği gibi arı ürünlerinde kalıntı bırakarak insan sağlığını da tehdit etmektedir. Bu makalede insan sağlığına zararlı olmayan ve doğal olarak balda da bulunan formik asit, laktik asit ve oksalik asit gibi organik asitlerin Varroa mücadelesinde kullanımı hakkında bilgi vermek ve kimyasal kullanımını nisbeten azaltabilmek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır

References

  • Akimov, A.İ., Yastrebtsov, A.V. 1984. Reproductive system of Varroa jacobsoni. 1. Female reproductive system and oogenesis. Vestn. Zool., 6: 61–68.
  • Akimov, A.İ., Yastrebtsov, A.V. 198. Reproductive system of Varroa jacobsoni. 2. Male reproductive system and spermatogenesis. Vestn. Zool., 2: 63– 69.
  • Akratanakul, P., Burgett, M. 1975. Varroa jacobsoni: a prospective pest of honeybees in many parts of the world. Bee World, 56(3): 119–121
  • Akyol, E., Kaftanoğlu O., Özkök, D., 1998. “Balarısı Hastalıkları, Teşhis-Tedavi ve Kontrol Yöntemleri” K.K.T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Ç.Ü. Zir. Fak. Araşt. ve Eğitim Vakfı (ÇÜZİVAK), Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde ’’Arıcılığı Geliştirme Projesi” Eğitim Programı Kurs Notları, 45 sayfa, 1–5 Nisan 1998, Lefkoşa, K.K.T.C.
  • Anonim, 2003. Arıcılık Yönetmeliği. 25 Mayıs 2003 Tarih ve 25118 Sayılı Resmi Gazete.
  • Anonymus, 2004. Technical guidlines for the evaluation of treatments for control of varroa mites in honeybee colonies: European group for integrated varroa controls. <http://www.apis.admin.ch>
  • Arculeo, P., Gallo, C., Genduso, P. 1989. Comparative tests with fluvalinate, coumaphos, amitraz and semiochemicals (ecomones) against Varroa jacobsoni. In Present Status of Varroatosis in Europe and Progress in the Varroa Mite Control, Cavalloro, R. (ed.). ECSC, Luxembourg, pp. 311–314.
  • Bolli, H.K., Bogdanov, S., Imdorf, A., Fluri, P. 1993. Zur Wirkungweise von ameisensäeure bei Varroa jacobsoni und der Honigbiene Apis mellifera L. Apidologie, 24: 51–57.
  • Brodsgaard, C., Kristiansen, P., Hansen, E. 1994. Efficacy of vegetable oils as ’’soft chemical” acaricides against Varroa jacobsoni infesting honey bees Apis mellifera. In IX Intern. Cong. Acarol., Columbus, Ohio, 17–22 July, 5p.
  • Büchler, R. 1997. Biotechnische Varroa bekämpfung in neuem Licht. ADIZ/die biene/Imkerfreund, 05/1997, S. 14–16.
  • Büchler, R. 2000. Oxalsäure-Erfolg mit Nebenwirkungen. ADIZ /die biene/Imkerfreund, 11/2000, S. 6–8.
  • Chiesa, F. 1991. Effective control of varroatosis using powdered thymol. Apidologie, 22: 135–145.
  • Colin, M.E., Vandame, R., Jourdan, P., Di Pasquale, S. 1997. Fluvalinate resistance of Varroa jacobsoni Qudemans (Acari: Varroidea) in Mediterranean apiaries of France. Apidologie, 28: 375–384.
  • Colin, M.E., Ball, B.V., Kilani, M. 1999. Bee disease diagnosis. CIHEAM, Serie B: Etudes et Resherches, No. 25, (Options Mediterraneennes).
  • De Jong, D., De Jong, P., Gonçalvez, L.S. 1982. Weight loss and other damage to developing worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) due to infestation with Varroa jacobsoni. J. of Apic. Res., 2: 165–167.
  • Fries, I., Rosenkranz, P. 1996. Number of reproductive cycles of Varroa jacobsoni in honey bee colonies. Exp. Appl. Acarol., 20: 103–112.
  • Goodwin, M., Eaton Van, C. 2001. Control of Varroa a guide for New Zealand beekeepers. New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. <http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz>
  • Grobov, O. F. 1977. Varroasis in bees. Varroasis a honeybe disease. Apimondia Publishing House, Bucharest, Romania, 46–90.
  • Harbo, J. R. and Hoopingarner, R. A. 1997. Honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the United States that express resistance to Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae). J. of Econom. Entomol. 90: 893–898.
  • Ifanditis, M.D. 1984. Parameters of the population dynamic of the Varroa mite on honeybees. J. of Apic. Res., 23: 227–233.
  • Imdorf, A., Charriere, J.D., Maquelin, C., Kilchenmann, V., Bachofen, B. 1996. Alternative varroa control. Amer. Bee J., 136(3): 189–193.
  • İlikler, İ., Yüzbaş, A., 1981. Ege Bölgesinde Balarısı (Apis mellifera L.)’nda zarar yapan arı akarı (Varroa jacobsoni) (Acarina: Varroaidae ) üzerinde araştırmalar. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Zirai Mücadele ve Karantina Genel Müdürlüğü, Bölge Zirai Araştırma Enstitüsü, Bornova, İzmir.
  • Joerg, S., Stiles, G. 1998. Efficiency of different formic acid applications for varroa control. <http://maarec.cas.psu.edu>
  • Kaftanoğlu, O., Kumova, U., Yeninar, H., Özkök, D. 1995. Türkiye’de balarısı (Apis mellifera L.) hastalıklarının dağılımı, koloniler üzerindeki etkileri ve entegre kontrol yöntemlerinin uygulanması. TÜBİTAK VHAG–925 Nolu Proje Raporu.
  • Kaftanoğlu, O., Kumova, U., Yeninar, H. 1995. Effectiveness of drugs commonly used against Varroa jacobsoni and their effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera). Apimondia XXXIV International Apicultural Congress, 15–19 August, Lousanne, Sweden, Pp: 180.
  • Martin, S.J. 1994. Ontogenesis of the mite Varroa jacobsoni Qud. In worker brood of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. Under natural conditions. Exper. and Appl. Acarology, 18: 86–100.
  • Milani, N., Barbattini, R. 1989. Treatment of varroatosis with Bayvarol strips (Flumetrin) in northern Italy. Apicoltura, 5: 173–192.
  • Milani, N. 1995. The resistance of Varroa jacobsoni Qud. To pyrethroids: A laboratory assay. Apidologie, 26: 415–429.
  • Milani, N. 1995. Morphometric of strains of Varroa jacobsoni Q. resistant and susceptible to pyrethroids. Apimondia XXXIV International Apicultural Congress, 15–19 August, Lousanne, Sweden, Pp: 192.
  • Morse, R. A. 1990. The Cornell project to breed miteresistant bees from queen honeybees imported fom Great Britain. Amer. Bee J. 130: 186.
  • Nasr, M. E. 1998. Technology transfer of improved honey bee stocks and management practises to beekeepers in Ontario. Annual Report for 1997– 1998. ABA, Bayfield, Ontario, Canada.
  • Palacio, M. A., Figini, E. E., Ruffinengo, S. R., Rodriguez, E. M., Del Hoyo, M. L., Bedascarrasbure, E. L. 2000. Changes in a population of Apis mellifera L. selected for hygienic behaviour and its relation to brood disease tolerance. Apidologie. 31: 471–478.
  • Peroutka, M., 1983. Varroa disease treatment with Bromopropylate in the Folbex-VA preparation, Apimondia, 1983.
  • Rademacher, E., Brückner, D., Otten, Ch., Radtke, J. 2000. Varroatose bekämpfung mit Ameisensäure im Applikator. Deutches Bienen Journal, 09/1999, S. 4–7.
  • Rice, N. D., Winston, L. M. 2001. IPM for varroa control. <http://www.honeycouncil.ca> Ritter, W. 1981. Varroa disease of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Bee World, 62(4): 141–153.
  • Romaniuk, K. 1983. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of Fumilat-A and Folbex-VA in controlling Varroa jacobsoni infection of bees. Apimondia, 1983.
  • Schuster, H. 1998. Varroabekämpfung mit 85 % iger Ameisensäure. ADIZ/die biene/Imkerfreund, 06/1998, S. 4–7. Sanford, M. T. 1997. Organic acids and essential oils: the honey taste test. <http://apis.ifas.ufl.edu>

The Use Of Organic Acids For Varroa (Varroa destructor) Control

Year 2005, Volume: 05 Issue: 4, 167 - 174, 29.11.2005

Abstract

Varroa destructor reproduce and increase only in honey bee colonies. If we don’t take useful preventive measures against the parasites, they rapidly increase and decrease the productivity of the honey bee colonies. They could be the cause of the colony dead and help to infect the disease to the colonies. A lot of fights methods especially chemicals methods are developed against the parasite. Chemical drugs could be effective against the mites but they can leave the residues in the honey and wax. If they use again and again parasite could have immunity against the drugs. False or unconscious use of the chemicals threat the healthy of the bees and humans. This article was prepared to give useful information on using of the organic acids, instead of the chemicals, to control of the Varroa destructor.
Key Words: Varroa, organic acids, honey bee, 

References

  • Akimov, A.İ., Yastrebtsov, A.V. 1984. Reproductive system of Varroa jacobsoni. 1. Female reproductive system and oogenesis. Vestn. Zool., 6: 61–68.
  • Akimov, A.İ., Yastrebtsov, A.V. 198. Reproductive system of Varroa jacobsoni. 2. Male reproductive system and spermatogenesis. Vestn. Zool., 2: 63– 69.
  • Akratanakul, P., Burgett, M. 1975. Varroa jacobsoni: a prospective pest of honeybees in many parts of the world. Bee World, 56(3): 119–121
  • Akyol, E., Kaftanoğlu O., Özkök, D., 1998. “Balarısı Hastalıkları, Teşhis-Tedavi ve Kontrol Yöntemleri” K.K.T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Ç.Ü. Zir. Fak. Araşt. ve Eğitim Vakfı (ÇÜZİVAK), Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde ’’Arıcılığı Geliştirme Projesi” Eğitim Programı Kurs Notları, 45 sayfa, 1–5 Nisan 1998, Lefkoşa, K.K.T.C.
  • Anonim, 2003. Arıcılık Yönetmeliği. 25 Mayıs 2003 Tarih ve 25118 Sayılı Resmi Gazete.
  • Anonymus, 2004. Technical guidlines for the evaluation of treatments for control of varroa mites in honeybee colonies: European group for integrated varroa controls. <http://www.apis.admin.ch>
  • Arculeo, P., Gallo, C., Genduso, P. 1989. Comparative tests with fluvalinate, coumaphos, amitraz and semiochemicals (ecomones) against Varroa jacobsoni. In Present Status of Varroatosis in Europe and Progress in the Varroa Mite Control, Cavalloro, R. (ed.). ECSC, Luxembourg, pp. 311–314.
  • Bolli, H.K., Bogdanov, S., Imdorf, A., Fluri, P. 1993. Zur Wirkungweise von ameisensäeure bei Varroa jacobsoni und der Honigbiene Apis mellifera L. Apidologie, 24: 51–57.
  • Brodsgaard, C., Kristiansen, P., Hansen, E. 1994. Efficacy of vegetable oils as ’’soft chemical” acaricides against Varroa jacobsoni infesting honey bees Apis mellifera. In IX Intern. Cong. Acarol., Columbus, Ohio, 17–22 July, 5p.
  • Büchler, R. 1997. Biotechnische Varroa bekämpfung in neuem Licht. ADIZ/die biene/Imkerfreund, 05/1997, S. 14–16.
  • Büchler, R. 2000. Oxalsäure-Erfolg mit Nebenwirkungen. ADIZ /die biene/Imkerfreund, 11/2000, S. 6–8.
  • Chiesa, F. 1991. Effective control of varroatosis using powdered thymol. Apidologie, 22: 135–145.
  • Colin, M.E., Vandame, R., Jourdan, P., Di Pasquale, S. 1997. Fluvalinate resistance of Varroa jacobsoni Qudemans (Acari: Varroidea) in Mediterranean apiaries of France. Apidologie, 28: 375–384.
  • Colin, M.E., Ball, B.V., Kilani, M. 1999. Bee disease diagnosis. CIHEAM, Serie B: Etudes et Resherches, No. 25, (Options Mediterraneennes).
  • De Jong, D., De Jong, P., Gonçalvez, L.S. 1982. Weight loss and other damage to developing worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) due to infestation with Varroa jacobsoni. J. of Apic. Res., 2: 165–167.
  • Fries, I., Rosenkranz, P. 1996. Number of reproductive cycles of Varroa jacobsoni in honey bee colonies. Exp. Appl. Acarol., 20: 103–112.
  • Goodwin, M., Eaton Van, C. 2001. Control of Varroa a guide for New Zealand beekeepers. New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. <http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz>
  • Grobov, O. F. 1977. Varroasis in bees. Varroasis a honeybe disease. Apimondia Publishing House, Bucharest, Romania, 46–90.
  • Harbo, J. R. and Hoopingarner, R. A. 1997. Honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the United States that express resistance to Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae). J. of Econom. Entomol. 90: 893–898.
  • Ifanditis, M.D. 1984. Parameters of the population dynamic of the Varroa mite on honeybees. J. of Apic. Res., 23: 227–233.
  • Imdorf, A., Charriere, J.D., Maquelin, C., Kilchenmann, V., Bachofen, B. 1996. Alternative varroa control. Amer. Bee J., 136(3): 189–193.
  • İlikler, İ., Yüzbaş, A., 1981. Ege Bölgesinde Balarısı (Apis mellifera L.)’nda zarar yapan arı akarı (Varroa jacobsoni) (Acarina: Varroaidae ) üzerinde araştırmalar. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Zirai Mücadele ve Karantina Genel Müdürlüğü, Bölge Zirai Araştırma Enstitüsü, Bornova, İzmir.
  • Joerg, S., Stiles, G. 1998. Efficiency of different formic acid applications for varroa control. <http://maarec.cas.psu.edu>
  • Kaftanoğlu, O., Kumova, U., Yeninar, H., Özkök, D. 1995. Türkiye’de balarısı (Apis mellifera L.) hastalıklarının dağılımı, koloniler üzerindeki etkileri ve entegre kontrol yöntemlerinin uygulanması. TÜBİTAK VHAG–925 Nolu Proje Raporu.
  • Kaftanoğlu, O., Kumova, U., Yeninar, H. 1995. Effectiveness of drugs commonly used against Varroa jacobsoni and their effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera). Apimondia XXXIV International Apicultural Congress, 15–19 August, Lousanne, Sweden, Pp: 180.
  • Martin, S.J. 1994. Ontogenesis of the mite Varroa jacobsoni Qud. In worker brood of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. Under natural conditions. Exper. and Appl. Acarology, 18: 86–100.
  • Milani, N., Barbattini, R. 1989. Treatment of varroatosis with Bayvarol strips (Flumetrin) in northern Italy. Apicoltura, 5: 173–192.
  • Milani, N. 1995. The resistance of Varroa jacobsoni Qud. To pyrethroids: A laboratory assay. Apidologie, 26: 415–429.
  • Milani, N. 1995. Morphometric of strains of Varroa jacobsoni Q. resistant and susceptible to pyrethroids. Apimondia XXXIV International Apicultural Congress, 15–19 August, Lousanne, Sweden, Pp: 192.
  • Morse, R. A. 1990. The Cornell project to breed miteresistant bees from queen honeybees imported fom Great Britain. Amer. Bee J. 130: 186.
  • Nasr, M. E. 1998. Technology transfer of improved honey bee stocks and management practises to beekeepers in Ontario. Annual Report for 1997– 1998. ABA, Bayfield, Ontario, Canada.
  • Palacio, M. A., Figini, E. E., Ruffinengo, S. R., Rodriguez, E. M., Del Hoyo, M. L., Bedascarrasbure, E. L. 2000. Changes in a population of Apis mellifera L. selected for hygienic behaviour and its relation to brood disease tolerance. Apidologie. 31: 471–478.
  • Peroutka, M., 1983. Varroa disease treatment with Bromopropylate in the Folbex-VA preparation, Apimondia, 1983.
  • Rademacher, E., Brückner, D., Otten, Ch., Radtke, J. 2000. Varroatose bekämpfung mit Ameisensäure im Applikator. Deutches Bienen Journal, 09/1999, S. 4–7.
  • Rice, N. D., Winston, L. M. 2001. IPM for varroa control. <http://www.honeycouncil.ca> Ritter, W. 1981. Varroa disease of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Bee World, 62(4): 141–153.
  • Romaniuk, K. 1983. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of Fumilat-A and Folbex-VA in controlling Varroa jacobsoni infection of bees. Apimondia, 1983.
  • Schuster, H. 1998. Varroabekämpfung mit 85 % iger Ameisensäure. ADIZ/die biene/Imkerfreund, 06/1998, S. 4–7. Sanford, M. T. 1997. Organic acids and essential oils: the honey taste test. <http://apis.ifas.ufl.edu>
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ethem Akyol This is me

Duran Özkök This is me

Publication Date November 29, 2005
Published in Issue Year 2005 Volume: 05 Issue: 4

Cite

Vancouver Akyol E, Özkök D. Varroa (Varroa destructor) Mücadelesinde Organik Asitlerin Kullanımı. U. Arı. D.-U. Bee J. 2005;05(4):167-74.

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