Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER HONEY FROM BULGARIA

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 168 - 176, 11.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.960751

Abstract

Physicochemical properties of 27 sunflower honey samples from Bulgaria were investigated. The botanical origin of the samples was ascertained by pollen analysis. The honey samples displayed relative frequencies of Helianthus annuus L. pollen up to 41%. The ranges for water content (15.60–19.30%), reducing sugars (72.51–80.80%), sucrose (0.50–3.70%), diastase (9.00–20.80 Gothe units), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), (0.69–12.40 mg/kg), total acidity (17.70–36.00 meq/kg), electrical conductivity (0.23–0.48 mS/cm), proline (218.50 – 679.50 mg/kg), specific rotation (-20.20–(-12.30)) [α]D20 were obtained. The results obtained also suggest that these honey samples are of good quality. The results are in agreement with standards of quality established by national and international regulations. Significant moderate correlation between electrical conductivity and specific rotation was found (r=0.582, p<0.05).

References

  • Ahmed, M., Shafiq, MI., Khaleeq, A., Huma, R., Qadir, MA., Khalid, A., Ali A., Samad, A. 2016. Physiochemical, biochemical, minerals content analysis, and antioxidant potential of national and international honeys in Pakistan. Journal of Chemistry 2016: 1–10. doi: 10.1155/2016/8072305.
  • Aleksiev, G. 2019. Honey trade in Bulgaria and its impact on the apicultural sector. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 17(1): 451–454. doi:10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.073.
  • Atanassova, J., Yurukova, L., Lazarova, M. 2012. Pollen and inorganic characteristics of Bulgarian unifloral honeys. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 30(6): 520–526. doi: 10.17221/44/2012-CJFS.
  • Belay, A., Solomon, WK., Bultossa, G., Adgaba, N., Melaku, S. 2013. Physicochemical properties of the Harenna forest honey, Bale, Ethiopia. Food Chemistry, 141(4): 3386–3392. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.035.
  • Bilandžić, N., Tlak Gajger, I., Kosanović, M., Čalopek, B., Sedak, M., Solomun Kolanović, B., Varenina, I., Luburić, ĐB., Varga, I., Đokić, M. 2017. Essential and toxic element concentrations in monofloral honeys from southern Croatia. Food Chemistry, 234: 245–253. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.180.
  • Bogdanov S., Martin P., Lüllmann C. 1997. Harmonized methods of the European Honey Commission, Apidologie extra issue, 1-59.
  • Bogdanov, S., Ruoff, K., Persano Oddo, L. 2004. Physicochemical methods for the characterisation of unifloral honeys: a review. Apidologie, 35(1), S4–S17. doi.org/10.1051/apido:2004047.
  • Borrás, M., Domenech, E., Hellebrandova, M., Escriche, E. 2014. Effect of country origin on physicochemical, sugar and volatile composition of acacia, sunflower and tilia honeys. Food Research International, 60: 86–94. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.11.045.
  • Bulgarian State Standard (1980). Bee Honey 2673-80.
  • Bulgarian State Standard for Bee Honey 3050-80. Rules for sampling and tasting methods. Qualitative indicators on honey.
  • Codex Alimentarius Commission, “Revised Codex Standard for Honey Codex Stan 12-1981, Rev. 1 (1987), Rev. 2 (2001) Amended in 2019., pp. 1–8.
  • Cotte, JF., Casabianca, H., Giroud, B., Albert, M., Lheritier, J., Grenier-Loustalot, MF. 2004. Characterization of honey amino acid profiles using high-pressure liquid chromatography to control authenticity. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 378(5): 1342–1350. doi: 10.1007/s00216-003-2430-z.
  • Council Directive 2001/110 relating to honey (2002). Official Journal of the European Communities, L10, 47–52.
  • Czipa, N., Borbély, M., Gyori, Z. 2012. Proline content of different honey types. Acta Alimentaria, 41(1): 26–32. doi: 10.1556/AAlim.2011.0002.
  • Da Silva, PM., Gauche, C., Gonzaga, LV., Costa, ACO., Fett, R. 2016. Honey: Chemical composition, stability and authenticity. Food Chemistry, 196: 309–323. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.051.
  • De-Melo, AAM., de Almeida-Muradian, LB., Sancho, MT., Pascual-Mate, A. 2018. Composition and properties of Apis mellifera honey: A review. Journal of Apicultural Research, 57(1): 5–37. doi: 10.1080/00218839.2017.1338444.
  • Dinkov, D. 2014. Quality parameters of Bulgarian kinds of bee honey. Macedonian Veterinary Review, 37(1): 35–41. doi: 10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.01.007.
  • Eremia, N., Neicovcena, I., Griţunic, I. 2019. Physical and chemical indicators, content of micro and macroelements and heavy metals in sunflower honey. Scientific Papers-Animal Science Series: Lucrări Ştiinţifice - Seria Zootehnie, 71: 105–108.
  • Gropoşilă-Constantinescu, D., Popa, G., Vişan, V., Mărgărit, GL., Toma, R., Barba, D. 2020. Comparative study of the quality of traditional honey and industrial honey. Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, 24(1): 50–54.
  • Isopescu, RD., Josceanu, AM., Minca, I., Colta, T., Postelnicescu, P., Mateescu, C. 2014. Characterization of Romanian honey based on physico-chemical properties and multivariate analysis. Revista de Chimie (Bucharest), 65(4), 381–385.
  • Juan-Borrás, M., Domenech, E., Conchado, A., Escriche, I. 2015. Physicochemical quality parameters at the reception of the honey packaging process: Influence of type of honey, year of harvest, and beekeeper. Journal of Chemistry, Article ID 929658, 1–6. doi:10.1155/2015/929658
  • Juan-Borrás, M., Domenech, E., Hellebrandova, M., Escriche, I. 2014. Effect of country origin on physicochemical, sugar and volatile composition of acacia, sunflower and tilia honeys. Food Research International, 60: 86–94. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.11.045.
  • Kaskonienè, V., Venskutonis, PR., Ceksterytè, V. 2010. Carbohydrate composition and electrical conductivity of different origin honeys from Lithuania. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 43(5): 801–807. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.01.007.
  • Keckes, J., Trifkovic, J., Andric, F., Jovetic, M., Tesi, Z., Milojkovic-Opsenica, D. 2013. Amino acids profile of serbian unifloral honeys. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93: 3368–3376. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6187.
  • Kivrak, S., Kivrak, I., Karababa, E. 2017. Characterization of Turkish honeys regarding of physicochemical properties, and their adulteration analysis. Food Science and Technology Campinas, 37(1): 80–89. doi: 10.1590/1678-457X.07916.
  • Mărghitaș, LA., Dezmirean, D., Moise, A., Bobis, O., Laslo, L., Bogdanov, S. 2009. Physico-chemical and bioactive properties of different floral origin honeys from Romania. Food Chemistry, 112(4): 863–867. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.055.
  • Nikolova, Kr., Eftimov, T., Aladjadjiyan, A. 2014. Fluorescence spectroscopy as method for quality control of honey. Advances in Research, 2(2): 95–108.
  • Oroian, M., Ropciuc, S. 2017. Honey authentication based on physicochemical parameters and phenolic compounds. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 138: 148–156. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2017.04.020.
  • Pauliuc, D., Oroian, M. 2020. Organic acids and physico-chemical parameters of Romanian sunflower honey. Food Environment Safety, 19(2): 148–155.
  • Persano Oddo, L., Piro, R. 2004. Main European unifloral honeys: descriptive sheets. Apidologie, 35(1): 38–81. doi: 10.1051/apido:2004049.
  • Přidal, A., Vorlová, L. 2002. Honey and its physical parameters. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 47(10): 439–444.
  • Sahinler, N., Gül, A., Akyol, E., Öksüz, A. 2009. Heavy metals, trace elements and biochemical composition of different honey produce in Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21(3), 1887–1896.
  • Sakača, MB., Jovanova, PT., Marića, AZ., Pezob LL., Kevrešana, ŽS., Novakovića, AR., Nedeljkovića, NM. 2019. Physicochemical properties and mineral content of honey samples from Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia). Food Chemistry, 276: 15–21. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.149.
  • Saxena, S., Gautam, S., Sharma, A. 2010. Physical, biochemical and antioxidant properties of some Indian honeys. Food Chemistry, 118(2): 391–397. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.001.
  • Silva, LR., Videira, R., Monteiro, AP., Valentão, P., Andrade, PB. 2009. Honey from Luso region (Portugal): Physicochemical characteristics and mineral contents. Microchemical Journal, 93(1): 73–77. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.05.005.
  • Valdés-Silverio, LA., Iturralde, G., García-Tenesaca, M., Paredes-Moreta, J., Narváez-Narváez, DA., Rojas-Carrillo, M., Tejera, E., Beltrán-Ayala, P., Giampieri, F., Alvarez-Suarez, JM. 2018. Physicochemical parameters, chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, microbial contamination and antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus honey from the Andean region of Ecuador. Journal of Apicultural Research, 57(3): 382–394. doi: 10.1080/00218839.2018.1426349.
  • Wen, Y., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Chen, L., Zhao, W., Zhou, J., Jin, Y. 2017. Characterization of Chinese unifloral honeys based on proline and phenolic content as markers of botanical origin, using multivariate analysis. Molecules, 22(5): 1–13. doi: 10.3390/molecules22050735.

Bulgaristan Ayçiçek Ballarının Fiziko-Kimyasal Analizi

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 168 - 176, 11.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.960751

Abstract

Bulgaristan'dan alınan 27 ayçiçeği balı örneğinin fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri araştırıldı. Örneklerin botanik kökeni polen analizi ile belirlendi. Bal numuneleri, %41'e varan oranlarda Helianthus annuus L. polen sıklığı göstermiştir. Su içeriği (%15.60 – 19.30), indirgeyici şekerler (%72.51 – 80.80), sakaroz (%0.50 – 3.70), diastaz (9.00 – 20.80 Gothe birimleri), hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF), (0.69 – 12.40mg/kg) için aralıklar), toplam asitlik (17.70 – 36.00meq/kg), elektriksel iletkenlik (0.23 – 0.48 mS/cm), prolin (218.50 – 679.50 mg/kg), spesifik rotasyon (-20.20 – (-12.30)) [α]D20 elde edildi. Elde edilen sonuçlar da bu bal örneklerinin kaliteli olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, ulusal ve uluslararası düzenlemeler tarafından belirlenen kalite standartları ile uyumludur. Elektriksel iletkenlik ile özgül rotasyon arasında orta düzeyde anlamlı korelasyon bulundu (r=0,582, p<0,05).
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bal, ayçiçeği balı, fiziko-kimyasal özellikler, kalite parametreleri,

References

  • Ahmed, M., Shafiq, MI., Khaleeq, A., Huma, R., Qadir, MA., Khalid, A., Ali A., Samad, A. 2016. Physiochemical, biochemical, minerals content analysis, and antioxidant potential of national and international honeys in Pakistan. Journal of Chemistry 2016: 1–10. doi: 10.1155/2016/8072305.
  • Aleksiev, G. 2019. Honey trade in Bulgaria and its impact on the apicultural sector. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 17(1): 451–454. doi:10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.073.
  • Atanassova, J., Yurukova, L., Lazarova, M. 2012. Pollen and inorganic characteristics of Bulgarian unifloral honeys. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 30(6): 520–526. doi: 10.17221/44/2012-CJFS.
  • Belay, A., Solomon, WK., Bultossa, G., Adgaba, N., Melaku, S. 2013. Physicochemical properties of the Harenna forest honey, Bale, Ethiopia. Food Chemistry, 141(4): 3386–3392. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.035.
  • Bilandžić, N., Tlak Gajger, I., Kosanović, M., Čalopek, B., Sedak, M., Solomun Kolanović, B., Varenina, I., Luburić, ĐB., Varga, I., Đokić, M. 2017. Essential and toxic element concentrations in monofloral honeys from southern Croatia. Food Chemistry, 234: 245–253. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.180.
  • Bogdanov S., Martin P., Lüllmann C. 1997. Harmonized methods of the European Honey Commission, Apidologie extra issue, 1-59.
  • Bogdanov, S., Ruoff, K., Persano Oddo, L. 2004. Physicochemical methods for the characterisation of unifloral honeys: a review. Apidologie, 35(1), S4–S17. doi.org/10.1051/apido:2004047.
  • Borrás, M., Domenech, E., Hellebrandova, M., Escriche, E. 2014. Effect of country origin on physicochemical, sugar and volatile composition of acacia, sunflower and tilia honeys. Food Research International, 60: 86–94. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.11.045.
  • Bulgarian State Standard (1980). Bee Honey 2673-80.
  • Bulgarian State Standard for Bee Honey 3050-80. Rules for sampling and tasting methods. Qualitative indicators on honey.
  • Codex Alimentarius Commission, “Revised Codex Standard for Honey Codex Stan 12-1981, Rev. 1 (1987), Rev. 2 (2001) Amended in 2019., pp. 1–8.
  • Cotte, JF., Casabianca, H., Giroud, B., Albert, M., Lheritier, J., Grenier-Loustalot, MF. 2004. Characterization of honey amino acid profiles using high-pressure liquid chromatography to control authenticity. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 378(5): 1342–1350. doi: 10.1007/s00216-003-2430-z.
  • Council Directive 2001/110 relating to honey (2002). Official Journal of the European Communities, L10, 47–52.
  • Czipa, N., Borbély, M., Gyori, Z. 2012. Proline content of different honey types. Acta Alimentaria, 41(1): 26–32. doi: 10.1556/AAlim.2011.0002.
  • Da Silva, PM., Gauche, C., Gonzaga, LV., Costa, ACO., Fett, R. 2016. Honey: Chemical composition, stability and authenticity. Food Chemistry, 196: 309–323. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.051.
  • De-Melo, AAM., de Almeida-Muradian, LB., Sancho, MT., Pascual-Mate, A. 2018. Composition and properties of Apis mellifera honey: A review. Journal of Apicultural Research, 57(1): 5–37. doi: 10.1080/00218839.2017.1338444.
  • Dinkov, D. 2014. Quality parameters of Bulgarian kinds of bee honey. Macedonian Veterinary Review, 37(1): 35–41. doi: 10.14432/j.macvetrev.2014.01.007.
  • Eremia, N., Neicovcena, I., Griţunic, I. 2019. Physical and chemical indicators, content of micro and macroelements and heavy metals in sunflower honey. Scientific Papers-Animal Science Series: Lucrări Ştiinţifice - Seria Zootehnie, 71: 105–108.
  • Gropoşilă-Constantinescu, D., Popa, G., Vişan, V., Mărgărit, GL., Toma, R., Barba, D. 2020. Comparative study of the quality of traditional honey and industrial honey. Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, 24(1): 50–54.
  • Isopescu, RD., Josceanu, AM., Minca, I., Colta, T., Postelnicescu, P., Mateescu, C. 2014. Characterization of Romanian honey based on physico-chemical properties and multivariate analysis. Revista de Chimie (Bucharest), 65(4), 381–385.
  • Juan-Borrás, M., Domenech, E., Conchado, A., Escriche, I. 2015. Physicochemical quality parameters at the reception of the honey packaging process: Influence of type of honey, year of harvest, and beekeeper. Journal of Chemistry, Article ID 929658, 1–6. doi:10.1155/2015/929658
  • Juan-Borrás, M., Domenech, E., Hellebrandova, M., Escriche, I. 2014. Effect of country origin on physicochemical, sugar and volatile composition of acacia, sunflower and tilia honeys. Food Research International, 60: 86–94. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.11.045.
  • Kaskonienè, V., Venskutonis, PR., Ceksterytè, V. 2010. Carbohydrate composition and electrical conductivity of different origin honeys from Lithuania. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 43(5): 801–807. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.01.007.
  • Keckes, J., Trifkovic, J., Andric, F., Jovetic, M., Tesi, Z., Milojkovic-Opsenica, D. 2013. Amino acids profile of serbian unifloral honeys. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93: 3368–3376. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6187.
  • Kivrak, S., Kivrak, I., Karababa, E. 2017. Characterization of Turkish honeys regarding of physicochemical properties, and their adulteration analysis. Food Science and Technology Campinas, 37(1): 80–89. doi: 10.1590/1678-457X.07916.
  • Mărghitaș, LA., Dezmirean, D., Moise, A., Bobis, O., Laslo, L., Bogdanov, S. 2009. Physico-chemical and bioactive properties of different floral origin honeys from Romania. Food Chemistry, 112(4): 863–867. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.055.
  • Nikolova, Kr., Eftimov, T., Aladjadjiyan, A. 2014. Fluorescence spectroscopy as method for quality control of honey. Advances in Research, 2(2): 95–108.
  • Oroian, M., Ropciuc, S. 2017. Honey authentication based on physicochemical parameters and phenolic compounds. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 138: 148–156. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2017.04.020.
  • Pauliuc, D., Oroian, M. 2020. Organic acids and physico-chemical parameters of Romanian sunflower honey. Food Environment Safety, 19(2): 148–155.
  • Persano Oddo, L., Piro, R. 2004. Main European unifloral honeys: descriptive sheets. Apidologie, 35(1): 38–81. doi: 10.1051/apido:2004049.
  • Přidal, A., Vorlová, L. 2002. Honey and its physical parameters. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 47(10): 439–444.
  • Sahinler, N., Gül, A., Akyol, E., Öksüz, A. 2009. Heavy metals, trace elements and biochemical composition of different honey produce in Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21(3), 1887–1896.
  • Sakača, MB., Jovanova, PT., Marića, AZ., Pezob LL., Kevrešana, ŽS., Novakovića, AR., Nedeljkovića, NM. 2019. Physicochemical properties and mineral content of honey samples from Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia). Food Chemistry, 276: 15–21. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.149.
  • Saxena, S., Gautam, S., Sharma, A. 2010. Physical, biochemical and antioxidant properties of some Indian honeys. Food Chemistry, 118(2): 391–397. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.001.
  • Silva, LR., Videira, R., Monteiro, AP., Valentão, P., Andrade, PB. 2009. Honey from Luso region (Portugal): Physicochemical characteristics and mineral contents. Microchemical Journal, 93(1): 73–77. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.05.005.
  • Valdés-Silverio, LA., Iturralde, G., García-Tenesaca, M., Paredes-Moreta, J., Narváez-Narváez, DA., Rojas-Carrillo, M., Tejera, E., Beltrán-Ayala, P., Giampieri, F., Alvarez-Suarez, JM. 2018. Physicochemical parameters, chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, microbial contamination and antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus honey from the Andean region of Ecuador. Journal of Apicultural Research, 57(3): 382–394. doi: 10.1080/00218839.2018.1426349.
  • Wen, Y., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Chen, L., Zhao, W., Zhou, J., Jin, Y. 2017. Characterization of Chinese unifloral honeys based on proline and phenolic content as markers of botanical origin, using multivariate analysis. Molecules, 22(5): 1–13. doi: 10.3390/molecules22050735.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Vanya Manolova This is me 0000-0001-6962-3562

Ivayla Parvına This is me

Todorka Yankovska–stefanova This is me

Ralitsa Balkanska 0000-0003-3486-1514

Publication Date November 11, 2021
Acceptance Date September 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Manolova V, Parvına I, Yankovska–stefanova T, Balkanska R. PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER HONEY FROM BULGARIA. U. Arı. D.-U. Bee J. 2021;21(2):168-76.

Important Note: Since the author-referee information is kept confidential on both sides in our journal, both the author and the referees must upload the document to the system after removing their personal information in the review document section.

Note: Authors can also use homepage of our Journal.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

download
 

This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.