Investigation of the Effect of JP8-Boron Additive on Performance in Commercial Piston Engine with 1D Model

Year 2026, Volume: 18 Issue: 2 , 1 - 11 , 28.03.2026

Emrah Kantaroğlu , Ahmet Doğan

https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1455097

Cited By: 1

https://izlik.org/JA39EK55ZP

Abstract

Toxic effects and greenhouse gas impacts adversely affect both human and environmental health, with climate change being a significant consequence of these phenomena. The use of fossil fuels is a primary driver of these increasing environmental damages and global climate change. Consequently, the search for fuels that simultaneously enhance performance and reduce pollutant emissions in internal combustion engines—used widely in the transportation and power generation sectors—continues. Achieving both positive effects requires more efficient energy utilization; thus, various fuels are still being investigated in the literature with ongoing potential for commercialization. In this study, the changes in combustion and, consequently, engine performance resulting from the addition of JP8 and amorphous elemental boron to gasoline as additive fuels in a commercial reciprocating engine were investigated using an experimentally validated 1-Dimensional (1D) engine model. The experimental phase involved testing a Honda L13A4 dual-spark plug engine using gasoline at a maximum torque speed of 2800 rpm and Wide Open Throttle (WOT) conditions. Subsequently, the same engine was modeled in 1D, and the effects of adding JP8—an aviation fuel—to gasoline at mass ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were numerically analyzed over a wide range. Furthermore, in a novel approach not previously encountered in the literature, elemental boron—an automotive and aviation fuel additive—was added to these mixtures at a constant rate of 2%, and the numerical analyses were repeated. Engine performance parameters, including torque, power, specific fuel consumption, mean effective pressure, and volumetric efficiency, were examined through 1D modeling. Compared to pure gasoline, the torque parameter increased by 0.015%, 0.862%, 1.102%, and 2.352% at increasing JP8 ratios (5-10-15-20%), respectively. When 2% amorphous elemental boron was added to all gasoline-JP8 blends, this increase rates compared to gasoline reached 2.352%, 2.499%, 3.191% and, 4.577%, respectively. The highest torque and the lowest specific fuel consumption were observed with the JP8_20_2B fuel blend.

Keywords

Aviation fuel , piston engine , JP8 , amorphous elemental boron , engine testing , 1B modeling

Supporting Institution

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)

Project Number

123M914

Thanks

This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the Grant Number 123M914 The authors thank to TUBITAK for their supports.

Investigation of the Effect of JP8-Boron Additive on Performance in Commercial Piston Engine with 1D Model

https://izlik.org/JA39EK55ZP

Abstract

Toksik etkiler ve sera gazı etkileri hem insan hem de çevre sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilemekte, iklim değişikliği ise bu fenomenlerin önemli bir sonucu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Fosil yakıt kullanımı, artan bu çevresel zararların ve küresel iklim değişikliğinin temel itici gücüdür. Sonuç olarak, ulaşım ve enerji üretimi sektörlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan içten yanmalı motorlarda performansı artıran ve aynı zamanda kirletici emisyonları azaltan yakıt arayışları devam etmektedir. Her iki olumlu etkinin aynı anda elde edilmesi, enerjinin daha verimli kullanılmasını gerektirmekte; bu nedenle literatürde ticari ticarileşme potansiyeli olan çeşitli yakıtlar halen araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ticari bir pistonlu motorda benzine katkı yakıtı olarak eklenen JP8 ve amorf elementel borun yanma ve dolayısıyla motor performansı üzerindeki etkileri, deneysel olarak doğrulanmış 1-Boyutlu (1B) bir motor modeli kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Deneysel aşama, bir Honda L13A4 çift bujili motorun, 2800 rpm maksimum tork hızında ve tam gaz (WOT) koşullarında benzin kullanılarak test edilmesini içermektedir. Ardından, aynı motor 1B olarak modellenmiş ve bir havacılık yakıtı olan JP8'in kütlece %5, %10, %15 ve %20 oranlarında benzine eklenmesinin etkileri geniş bir aralıkta sayısal olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, literatürde daha önce rastlanmayan özgün bir yaklaşımla, otomotiv ve havacılık yakıt katkısı olan elementel bor bu karışımlara %2'lik sabit bir oranda eklenmiş ve sayısal analizler tekrarlanmıştır. Tork, güç, özgül yakıt tüketimi, ortalama efektif basınç ve hacimsel verim dahil olmak üzere motor performans parametreleri 1B modelleme yoluyla incelenmiştir. Saf benzin ile kıyaslandığında tork parametresi, artan JP8 oranlarında (%5-10-15-20) sırasıyla %0,015, %0,862, %1,102 ve %2,352 oranında artmıştır. Tüm benzin-JP8 karışımlarına %2 amorf elementel bor eklendiğinde, benzine kıyasla bu artış oranları sırasıyla %2,352, %2,499, %3,191 ve %4,577 değerlerine ulaşmıştır. En yüksek tork ve en düşük özgül yakıt tüketimi JP8_20_2B yakıt karışımı ile gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

Havacılık yakıtı , pistonlu motor , JP8 , amorf elementel bor , motor testi , 1B model

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)

Project Number

123M914

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından 123M914 Numaralı proje ile desteklenmiştir. Projeye verdiği destekten ötürü TÜBİTAK’a teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

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