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Investigation of the Usability of Composite Aggregate in Highway Pavement Construction: A Case of Asphalt Wearing Course

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 427 - 438, 31.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1011561

Abstract

Some restrictions and difficulties during the supply of aggregates from natural stone quarries adversely affect the production of hot bituminous mixture. It is thought that the combined use of aggregates obtained from different quarries may be effective both in terms of the environment and the efficacious use of natural resources. Therefore, this study investigated the incorporation of composite aggregate (basalt and limestone obtained from two different quarries) into asphalt concrete. The target performance graded binder (KMB 76-16) was obtained by modification of pure B50/70 bitumen with optimum amount (10%) of rubber. Then, a mixture design with this binder and composite aggregate (55% basalt and 45% limestone) was made. The mixtures to be used in the asphalt wear layer were produced according to the Marshall method. To further understand the effect of composite aggregate, mechanical properties (stability and flow) and volumetric parameters (voids in mineral aggregate, voids filled with binder, air void and volume specific gravity) of standard Marshall samples were investigated. The results indicate that the asphalt concrete with composite aggregate (basalt and limestone) and 5.7% rubber modified bitumen meets the criteria stated in the Turkish General Directorate of Highways’ (KGM) specifications and can be used in the wearing course.

References

  • Bahia, H. U. & Anderson, D. A. (1995a). The development of the bending beam rheometer; Basics and critical evaluation of the rheometer, Physical Properties of Asphalt Cement Binders: ASTM STP 1241, John C. Hardin, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA., pp. 28-50.
  • Bahia, H. U. & Anderson, D. A. (1995b). Strategic highway research program binder rheological parameters: Background and comparison with conventional properties. Transportation Research Record 1488, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC, pp. 32-39
  • Cao, W. D., Feng, Z. G., Liu, S. T., & Ren, P. (2013). Experimental research on high temperature creep property of stone matrix asphalt mixtures using basalt and limestone aggregates. Journal of Shandong University (Engineering Science), 43(2), 70-75, DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3691.0.2012.331.
  • Das, A. & Singh, D. (2019). Influence of basalt, hydrated lime, and fly-ash fillers on aging behavior of asphalt mastic using essential and plastic work of fracture. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 47, No. 5, 3576-3593, https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20180147.
  • Huang, S. C. (2008). Rubber concentrations on rheology of aged asphalts binders. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20:3(221), 221–229. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2008)20:3(221).
  • Iskender, E. (2013). Rutting evaluation of stone mastic asphalt for basalt and basalt–limestone aggregate combinations. Composites Part B: Engineering, 54, 255-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.05.019.
  • KGM (2021). Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü, Yol ağı bilgileri, https://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/Kurumsal/YolAgi.aspx.
  • Kong, D., Xiao, Y., Wu, S., Tang, N., Ling, J., & Wang, F. (2017). Comparative evaluation of designing asphalt treated base mixture with composite aggregate types. Construction and Building Materials, 156, 819-827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.020.
  • Maiah, H. & Al-Khateeb, G. (2012). Effect of basalt and limestone aggregate combinations on Superpave aggregate properties, Proceedings of the 5th Jordanian International Civil Engineering Conference (JICEC), Jordan Engineers Association (JEA), Amman, Jordan, January 17-19.
  • Read, J. & Whiteoak, D. (2003). The Shell bitumen handbook, 5th edition, Shell Bitumen, Surrey, UK.
  • Roberts, F. L., Kandhal, P. S., Brown, E. R., Lee, D. Y., & Kennedy, T. W. (1996). Hot mix asphalt materials, mixture design and construction, second edition, NAPA Research and Education Foundation, Lanham, MD.
  • Sönmez, İ., Yılmaz, M., & Tuğrul, A. (2009). Farklı agregave üretim prosesleri ile üretilen asfalt karışımlarının özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması, V. Ulusal Kırmataş Sempozyumu, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp. 299-308.
  • Türkiye Ticaret Bakanlığı (2021). Doğal Taşlar Sektör Raporu, İhracat Genel Müdürlüğü, Maden, Metal ve Orman Ürünleri Dairesi, Türkiye.
  • USGS (2018). Volkan Tehlikeleri Programı. ABD Jeoloji Araştırması. Erişim tarihi: 8 Şubat 2018.
  • Varış, Ç. (2019). Türkiye Fiziki, Beşeri ve Ekonomik Coğrafyası.
  • White, T. D. (1985). Marshall procedures for design and quality control of asphalt mixtures. In association of asphalt paving technologists proc. (Vol. 54).
  • Wikipedia (2021). Bazalt. Erişim tarihi: 12 Ekim 2021, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt#cite_note-1.
  • Zaniewski, J. P. & Pumphrey, M. E. (2004). Evaluation of performance graded asphalt binder equipment and testing protocol. Asphalt Technology Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Morgantown, West Virginia.
  • Zhou, C. H., Liu, S. H., & Yuan, Q. (2014). Experience of replacing basalt aggregate by limestones in porous asphalt concrete. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 1025, pp. 749-754). Trans Tech Publications Ltd, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1025-1026.749.

Kauçuk Modifiye Bitüm ve Kompozit Agrega ile Üretilen Asfalt Aşınma Tabakasının Şartname Limitleri Yönüyle Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 427 - 438, 31.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1011561

Abstract

Doğal taş ocaklarından üretilen agregaların tedariki esnasında yaşanan bir takım kısıtlamalar ve zorluklar bitümlü sıcak karışım üretimini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Farklı taş ocaklarından temin edilen agregaların bir arada kullanılmasının, hem çevresel açıdan hem de doğal kaynakları daha efektif kullanmak açısından etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmada farklı iki ocaktan temin edilen bazalt ve kalker tipli agreganın kompozit agrega şeklinde asfalt betonu üretimindeki kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Karışımda kullanılacak performans dereceli hedef bağlayıcıyı (KMB 76-16); saf B50/70 penetrasyon dereceli bitümün optimum miktarda (%10) kauçukla modifikasyonu sonucunda elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra bu bağlayıcı ve %55’i bazalttan %45’i kalkerden oluşan kompozit agreganın karışım tasarımı yapılmıştır. Asfalt aşınma tabakasında kullanılması düşünülen karışımlar Marshall dizayn yöntemine göre üretilmiştir. Kompozit agreganın karışım üzerindeki etkisini daha fazla anlamak için standart Marshall numunelerinin mekanik özellikleri (stabilite ve akma) ve hacimsel parametreleri (agregalar arası boşluk oranı, bağlayıcı ile dolu boşluk oranı, hava boşluk oranı ve hacim özgül ağırlığı) araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki sonuçlara göre; bazalt ve kalkerden oluşan kompozit agreganın %5.7 oranında kauçuk modifiyeli bitüm ile karıştırılmasıyla elde edilen asfalt betonunun Türkiye Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü (KGM) teknik şartnamesinde belirtilen kriterleri sağladığı ve aşınma tabakasında kullanılabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.

References

  • Bahia, H. U. & Anderson, D. A. (1995a). The development of the bending beam rheometer; Basics and critical evaluation of the rheometer, Physical Properties of Asphalt Cement Binders: ASTM STP 1241, John C. Hardin, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA., pp. 28-50.
  • Bahia, H. U. & Anderson, D. A. (1995b). Strategic highway research program binder rheological parameters: Background and comparison with conventional properties. Transportation Research Record 1488, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC, pp. 32-39
  • Cao, W. D., Feng, Z. G., Liu, S. T., & Ren, P. (2013). Experimental research on high temperature creep property of stone matrix asphalt mixtures using basalt and limestone aggregates. Journal of Shandong University (Engineering Science), 43(2), 70-75, DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3691.0.2012.331.
  • Das, A. & Singh, D. (2019). Influence of basalt, hydrated lime, and fly-ash fillers on aging behavior of asphalt mastic using essential and plastic work of fracture. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 47, No. 5, 3576-3593, https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20180147.
  • Huang, S. C. (2008). Rubber concentrations on rheology of aged asphalts binders. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20:3(221), 221–229. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2008)20:3(221).
  • Iskender, E. (2013). Rutting evaluation of stone mastic asphalt for basalt and basalt–limestone aggregate combinations. Composites Part B: Engineering, 54, 255-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.05.019.
  • KGM (2021). Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü, Yol ağı bilgileri, https://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/Kurumsal/YolAgi.aspx.
  • Kong, D., Xiao, Y., Wu, S., Tang, N., Ling, J., & Wang, F. (2017). Comparative evaluation of designing asphalt treated base mixture with composite aggregate types. Construction and Building Materials, 156, 819-827, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.020.
  • Maiah, H. & Al-Khateeb, G. (2012). Effect of basalt and limestone aggregate combinations on Superpave aggregate properties, Proceedings of the 5th Jordanian International Civil Engineering Conference (JICEC), Jordan Engineers Association (JEA), Amman, Jordan, January 17-19.
  • Read, J. & Whiteoak, D. (2003). The Shell bitumen handbook, 5th edition, Shell Bitumen, Surrey, UK.
  • Roberts, F. L., Kandhal, P. S., Brown, E. R., Lee, D. Y., & Kennedy, T. W. (1996). Hot mix asphalt materials, mixture design and construction, second edition, NAPA Research and Education Foundation, Lanham, MD.
  • Sönmez, İ., Yılmaz, M., & Tuğrul, A. (2009). Farklı agregave üretim prosesleri ile üretilen asfalt karışımlarının özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması, V. Ulusal Kırmataş Sempozyumu, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp. 299-308.
  • Türkiye Ticaret Bakanlığı (2021). Doğal Taşlar Sektör Raporu, İhracat Genel Müdürlüğü, Maden, Metal ve Orman Ürünleri Dairesi, Türkiye.
  • USGS (2018). Volkan Tehlikeleri Programı. ABD Jeoloji Araştırması. Erişim tarihi: 8 Şubat 2018.
  • Varış, Ç. (2019). Türkiye Fiziki, Beşeri ve Ekonomik Coğrafyası.
  • White, T. D. (1985). Marshall procedures for design and quality control of asphalt mixtures. In association of asphalt paving technologists proc. (Vol. 54).
  • Wikipedia (2021). Bazalt. Erişim tarihi: 12 Ekim 2021, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazalt#cite_note-1.
  • Zaniewski, J. P. & Pumphrey, M. E. (2004). Evaluation of performance graded asphalt binder equipment and testing protocol. Asphalt Technology Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Morgantown, West Virginia.
  • Zhou, C. H., Liu, S. H., & Yuan, Q. (2014). Experience of replacing basalt aggregate by limestones in porous asphalt concrete. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 1025, pp. 749-754). Trans Tech Publications Ltd, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1025-1026.749.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdulgazi Gedik 0000-0002-1429-034X

Publication Date July 31, 2022
Submission Date October 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 14 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gedik, A. (2022). Kauçuk Modifiye Bitüm ve Kompozit Agrega ile Üretilen Asfalt Aşınma Tabakasının Şartname Limitleri Yönüyle Değerlendirilmesi. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 14(2), 427-438. https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1011561

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