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Electrochemical Synthesis of Polycarbazole Film in Nonacidic Medium and its Electrochromic Properties

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 276 - 285, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1157329

Abstract

This study is about the electrochemical polymerization of the monomer of carbazole, whose anodic polymerization is very common in the literature. When the studies in the literature were examined, it was seen that the electrochromic properties of carbazole were not examined. For this purpose, electrochemical and optical properties were investigated in detail by polymerizing carbazole on both glassy carbon and ITO glass electrodes in 0.1 M TABPF6/ DCM medium using the cyclic voltammetry method. The polymer film synthesized by electroanalytical methods showed reversible electrochemical oxidation process properties as well as electrochromic properties. The polymer film synthesized by electroanalytical methods showed reversible electrochemical oxidation process properties as well as electrochromic properties. Considering that this study will form a basis for other studies, it is thought that the evaluation of carbazole monomer in terms of its electrochromic properties will provide a great deal to the literature.

References

  • Abe, S. Y., Bernede, J. C., Delvalle, M. A., Tregouet, Y., Ragot, F., Diaz, F. R., & Lefrant, S. (2002). Electroluminescent polycarbazole thin films obtained by electrochemical polymerization. Synthetic metals, 126(1), 1-6.
  • Ambrose, J. F., & Nelson, R. F. (1968). Anodic oxidation pathways of carbazoles: I. carbazole and N‐substituted derivatives. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 115(11), 1159.
  • Azak, H., Yildiz, H. B., & Carbas, B. B. (2018). Synthesis and characterization of a new poly (dithieno (3, 2-b: 2′, 3′-d) pyrrole) derivative conjugated polymer: its electrochromic and biosensing applications. Polymer, 134, 44-52.
  • Baughman, R. H. (1996). Conducting polymer artificial muscles. Synthetic metals, 78(3), 339-353.
  • Beaujuge, P. M., & Reynolds, J. R. (2010). Color control in π-conjugated organic polymers for use in electrochromic devices. Chemical reviews, 110(1), 268-320.
  • Beaupré, S., Breton, A. C., Dumas, J., & Leclerc, M. (2009). Multicolored electrochromic cells based on poly (2, 7-carbazole) derivatives for adaptive camouflage. Chemistry of Materials, 21(8), 1504-1513.
  • Carbas, B. B. (2022). Fluorene based electrochromic conjugated polymers: A review. Polymer, 125040. Carbas, B. B., & Tekin, B. (2018). Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrode grown in the presence of ionic liquid and its symmetrical electrochemical supercapacitor application. Polymer Bulletin, 75(4), 1547-1562.
  • Carbas, B. B., Asil, D., Friend, R. H., & Önal, A. M. (2014). A new blue light emitting and electrochromic polyfluorene derivative for display applications. Organic Electronics, 15(2), 500-508.
  • Carbas, B. B., Gulen, M., Tolu, M. C., & Sonmezoglu, S. (2017). Hydrogen sulphate-based ionic liquid-assisted electro-polymerization of PEDOT catalyst material for high-efficiency photoelectrochemical solar cells. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-15.
  • Cevik, E., Carbas, B. B., Senel, M., & Yildiz, H. B. (2018). Construction of conducting polymer/cytochrome C/thylakoid membrane based photo-bioelectrochemical fuel cells generating high photocurrent via photosynthesis. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 113, 25-31.
  • Diamant, Y., Chen, J., Han, H., Kamenev, B., Tsybeskov, L., & Grebel, H. (2005). Electrochemical polymerization, optical and electrical characterizations of polycarbazole on single wall carbon nanotubes. Synthetic metals, 151(3), 202-207.
  • Grancarić, A. M., Jerković, I., Koncar, V., Cochrane, C., Kelly, F. M., Soulat, D., & Legrand, X. (2018). Conductive polymers for smart textile applications. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 48(3), 612-642.
  • Huang, Y., Lu, B., Xu, J., Zhu, G., Chen, S., & Yue, R. (2012). Novel redox‐active polycarbazole‐functionalized polycatechol network films produced by controlled electropolymerization. Journal of applied polymer science, 126(5), 1613-1622.
  • Kumar, D., & Sharma, R. C. (1998). Advances in conductive polymers. European polymer journal, 34(8), 1053-1060.
  • Macit, H., Sen, S., & Sacak, M. (2005). Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of polycarbazole. Journal of applied polymer science, 96(3), 894-898.
  • Margolis, J. (Ed.). (2012). Conductive polymers and plastics. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • MIAO, H. M., ZHANG, H. L., XU, J. K., FAN, C. L., Dong, B., ZENG, L. Q., & Zhao, F. (2008). Electrochemical polymerization of carbazole in acetic acid containing boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 26(10), 1922-1928.
  • Mortimer, R. J., Dyer, A. L., & Reynolds, J. R. (2006). Electrochromic organic and polymeric materials for display applications. Displays, 27(1), 2-18.
  • Omar, S. N. I., Ariffin, Z. Z., Akhir, R. A. M., Shri, D. N. A., Halim, M. I. A., Safian, M. F., ... & Mahat, M. M. (2019). Polyaniline (PANI) fabric doped p-toluene sulfonic acid (pTSA) with anti-infection properties. Materials Today: Proceedings, 16, 1994-2002.
  • Phan, S., & Luscombe, C. K. (2019). Recent advances in the green, sustainable synthesis of semiconducting polymers. Trends in Chemistry, 1(7), 670-681.
  • Rauh, R. D. (1999). Electrochromic windows: an overview. Electrochimica Acta, 44(18), 3165-3176.
  • Rosseinsky, D. R., & Mortimer, R. J. (2001). Electrochromic systems and the prospects for devices. Advanced Materials, 13(11), 783-793.
  • Sezer, E., Ustamehmetoǧlu, B., & Sarac, A. S. (1999). Chemical and electrochemical polymerisation of pyrrole in the presence of N-substituted carbazoles. Synthetic metals, 107(1), 7-17.
  • Shi, Y., Peng, L., Ding, Y., Zhao, Y., & Yu, G. (2015). Nanostructured conductive polymers for advanced energy storage. Chemical Society Reviews, 44(19), 6684-6696.
  • Sirringhaus, H., Bird, M., & Zhao, N. (2010). Charge transport physics of conjugated polymer field‐effect transistors. Advanced Materials, 22(34), 3893-3898.
  • Sonmez, G., & Sonmez, H. B. (2006). Polymeric electrochromics for data storage. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 16(25), 2473-2477.
  • Verghese, M. M., Ram, M. K., Vardhan, H., Malhotra, B. D., & Ashraf, S. M. (1997). Electrochromic properties of polycarbazole films. Polymer, 38(7), 1625-1629.
  • Verheyen, L., Leysen, P., Van Den Eede, M. P., Ceunen, W., Hardeman, T., & Koeckelberghs, G. (2017). Advances in the controlled polymerization of conjugated polymers. Polymer, 108, 521-546. Yi, H., Iraqi, A., Stevenson, M., Elliott, C. J., & Lidzey, D. G. (2007). A New Class of Blue‐Emitting Materials for LED Applications: Triarylamine N‐Functionalised 2, 7‐Linked Carbazole Polymers. Macromolecular rapid communications, 28(10), 1155-1160.
  • Zhou, M., & Heinze, J. (1999). Electropolymerization of pyrrole and electrochemical study of polypyrrole: 1. Evidence for structural diversity of polypyrrole. Electrochimica Acta, 44(11), 1733-1748 Zhuang, D. X., & Chen, P. Y. (2009). Electrochemical formation of polycarbazole films in air-and water-stable room-temperature ionic liquids. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 626(1-2), 197-200.

Asidik Olmayan Ortamda Polikarbazol Filmin Elektrokimyasal Sentezi ve Elektrokromik Özellikleri

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 276 - 285, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1157329

Abstract

Bu çalışma, literatürde anodik polimerizasyonu çok yaygın olan karbazol monomerinin elektrokimyasal polimerizasyonu ile ilgilidir. Literatürdeki çalışmalar incelendiğinde karbazolün elektrokromik özelliklerinin incelenmediği görülmüştür. Bu amaçla, karbazolün hem camsı karbon hem de İTO cam elektrotlar üzerinde 0.1 M TABPF6/DCM ortamında döngüsel voltametri yöntemi kullanılarak polimerize edilmesiyle elektrokimyasal ve optik özellikler detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Elektroanalitik yöntemlerle sentezlenen polimer film, elektrokromik özelliklerin yanı sıra tersinir elektrokimyasal oksidasyon prosesi özellikleri de göstermiştir. Elektroanalitik yöntemlerle sentezlenen polimer film, elektrokromik özelliklerin yanı sıra tersinir elektrokimyasal oksidasyon prosesi özellikleri de göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın diğer çalışmalara temel oluşturacağı düşünüldüğünde, karbazol monomerinin elektrokromik özellikleri açısından değerlendirilmesinin literatüre büyük katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Abe, S. Y., Bernede, J. C., Delvalle, M. A., Tregouet, Y., Ragot, F., Diaz, F. R., & Lefrant, S. (2002). Electroluminescent polycarbazole thin films obtained by electrochemical polymerization. Synthetic metals, 126(1), 1-6.
  • Ambrose, J. F., & Nelson, R. F. (1968). Anodic oxidation pathways of carbazoles: I. carbazole and N‐substituted derivatives. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 115(11), 1159.
  • Azak, H., Yildiz, H. B., & Carbas, B. B. (2018). Synthesis and characterization of a new poly (dithieno (3, 2-b: 2′, 3′-d) pyrrole) derivative conjugated polymer: its electrochromic and biosensing applications. Polymer, 134, 44-52.
  • Baughman, R. H. (1996). Conducting polymer artificial muscles. Synthetic metals, 78(3), 339-353.
  • Beaujuge, P. M., & Reynolds, J. R. (2010). Color control in π-conjugated organic polymers for use in electrochromic devices. Chemical reviews, 110(1), 268-320.
  • Beaupré, S., Breton, A. C., Dumas, J., & Leclerc, M. (2009). Multicolored electrochromic cells based on poly (2, 7-carbazole) derivatives for adaptive camouflage. Chemistry of Materials, 21(8), 1504-1513.
  • Carbas, B. B. (2022). Fluorene based electrochromic conjugated polymers: A review. Polymer, 125040. Carbas, B. B., & Tekin, B. (2018). Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrode grown in the presence of ionic liquid and its symmetrical electrochemical supercapacitor application. Polymer Bulletin, 75(4), 1547-1562.
  • Carbas, B. B., Asil, D., Friend, R. H., & Önal, A. M. (2014). A new blue light emitting and electrochromic polyfluorene derivative for display applications. Organic Electronics, 15(2), 500-508.
  • Carbas, B. B., Gulen, M., Tolu, M. C., & Sonmezoglu, S. (2017). Hydrogen sulphate-based ionic liquid-assisted electro-polymerization of PEDOT catalyst material for high-efficiency photoelectrochemical solar cells. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-15.
  • Cevik, E., Carbas, B. B., Senel, M., & Yildiz, H. B. (2018). Construction of conducting polymer/cytochrome C/thylakoid membrane based photo-bioelectrochemical fuel cells generating high photocurrent via photosynthesis. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 113, 25-31.
  • Diamant, Y., Chen, J., Han, H., Kamenev, B., Tsybeskov, L., & Grebel, H. (2005). Electrochemical polymerization, optical and electrical characterizations of polycarbazole on single wall carbon nanotubes. Synthetic metals, 151(3), 202-207.
  • Grancarić, A. M., Jerković, I., Koncar, V., Cochrane, C., Kelly, F. M., Soulat, D., & Legrand, X. (2018). Conductive polymers for smart textile applications. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 48(3), 612-642.
  • Huang, Y., Lu, B., Xu, J., Zhu, G., Chen, S., & Yue, R. (2012). Novel redox‐active polycarbazole‐functionalized polycatechol network films produced by controlled electropolymerization. Journal of applied polymer science, 126(5), 1613-1622.
  • Kumar, D., & Sharma, R. C. (1998). Advances in conductive polymers. European polymer journal, 34(8), 1053-1060.
  • Macit, H., Sen, S., & Sacak, M. (2005). Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of polycarbazole. Journal of applied polymer science, 96(3), 894-898.
  • Margolis, J. (Ed.). (2012). Conductive polymers and plastics. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • MIAO, H. M., ZHANG, H. L., XU, J. K., FAN, C. L., Dong, B., ZENG, L. Q., & Zhao, F. (2008). Electrochemical polymerization of carbazole in acetic acid containing boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 26(10), 1922-1928.
  • Mortimer, R. J., Dyer, A. L., & Reynolds, J. R. (2006). Electrochromic organic and polymeric materials for display applications. Displays, 27(1), 2-18.
  • Omar, S. N. I., Ariffin, Z. Z., Akhir, R. A. M., Shri, D. N. A., Halim, M. I. A., Safian, M. F., ... & Mahat, M. M. (2019). Polyaniline (PANI) fabric doped p-toluene sulfonic acid (pTSA) with anti-infection properties. Materials Today: Proceedings, 16, 1994-2002.
  • Phan, S., & Luscombe, C. K. (2019). Recent advances in the green, sustainable synthesis of semiconducting polymers. Trends in Chemistry, 1(7), 670-681.
  • Rauh, R. D. (1999). Electrochromic windows: an overview. Electrochimica Acta, 44(18), 3165-3176.
  • Rosseinsky, D. R., & Mortimer, R. J. (2001). Electrochromic systems and the prospects for devices. Advanced Materials, 13(11), 783-793.
  • Sezer, E., Ustamehmetoǧlu, B., & Sarac, A. S. (1999). Chemical and electrochemical polymerisation of pyrrole in the presence of N-substituted carbazoles. Synthetic metals, 107(1), 7-17.
  • Shi, Y., Peng, L., Ding, Y., Zhao, Y., & Yu, G. (2015). Nanostructured conductive polymers for advanced energy storage. Chemical Society Reviews, 44(19), 6684-6696.
  • Sirringhaus, H., Bird, M., & Zhao, N. (2010). Charge transport physics of conjugated polymer field‐effect transistors. Advanced Materials, 22(34), 3893-3898.
  • Sonmez, G., & Sonmez, H. B. (2006). Polymeric electrochromics for data storage. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 16(25), 2473-2477.
  • Verghese, M. M., Ram, M. K., Vardhan, H., Malhotra, B. D., & Ashraf, S. M. (1997). Electrochromic properties of polycarbazole films. Polymer, 38(7), 1625-1629.
  • Verheyen, L., Leysen, P., Van Den Eede, M. P., Ceunen, W., Hardeman, T., & Koeckelberghs, G. (2017). Advances in the controlled polymerization of conjugated polymers. Polymer, 108, 521-546. Yi, H., Iraqi, A., Stevenson, M., Elliott, C. J., & Lidzey, D. G. (2007). A New Class of Blue‐Emitting Materials for LED Applications: Triarylamine N‐Functionalised 2, 7‐Linked Carbazole Polymers. Macromolecular rapid communications, 28(10), 1155-1160.
  • Zhou, M., & Heinze, J. (1999). Electropolymerization of pyrrole and electrochemical study of polypyrrole: 1. Evidence for structural diversity of polypyrrole. Electrochimica Acta, 44(11), 1733-1748 Zhuang, D. X., & Chen, P. Y. (2009). Electrochemical formation of polycarbazole films in air-and water-stable room-temperature ionic liquids. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 626(1-2), 197-200.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Buket Bezgin Çarbaş 0000-0002-4178-5911

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date August 8, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bezgin Çarbaş, B. (2022). Electrochemical Synthesis of Polycarbazole Film in Nonacidic Medium and its Electrochromic Properties. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 14(3), 276-285. https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1157329

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