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Interior Ergonomics in Emergency Shelters with Universal Design Perspective

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 173 - 186, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1199675

Abstract

Emergency shelters are emerging as living areas in the world where the global climate crisis is becoming widespread. The inclusion and accessibility of legislative areas has long been considered within the spatial design criteria and sanctions are imposed by various agreements and laws. Accessibility studies for emergency shelters are not yet widespread in terms of the space and installation features it provides. To close this gap in literature, the interior of various emergency shelters compiled from Turkey and the world were examined according to ergonomics criteria. The main objective here is to define the accessibility criteria that should be considered in the interior of emergency shelters and to map the path to the design of universal design criteria and emergency shelters. 60 different emergency shelters from literature and internet search engine scans were examined, and 13 examples of shelters containing wet volumes from 45 shelters with plan schematics and measurements were analyzed. As a result, universal design criteria was fulfilled partially in emergency shelters and there were a lot of missing in accessibility; the comments on the issue were presented in the discussions section.

References

  • Çağlayan Gümüş, D. (2020). Erişilebilirlik Kılavuzu. Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı Engelli ve Yaşlı Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü
  • Evans, K. (2020). Tackling Homelessness with Tiny Houses: An Inventory of Tiny House Villages in the United States. The Professional Geographer, 72(3), 360-370. Doi:10.1080/00330124.2020.1744170
  • Goldsmith, S. (1997), Designing for the Disabled: The New Paradigm, New York: Routledge Architectural Press
  • Karlen, M., Fleming, R. (2016). Space Planning Basics (4th Ed.). New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Kaya, Ö., Özok, A. F. (2017). Ergonomi ve Tasarım İlişkisi, II. Uluslararası Akdeniz’de Güzel Sanatlar Sempozyumu ve Kültür Sanat Çalıştayı
  • Kernon, K. E., Harmon, S. K. (2022). The Codes Guidebook for Interiors (8th ed.). New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Kurban, H, Kaygın, B, Tankut, A,N,. (2016) Mobilya Tasarımında Antropometrik Ölçü ve Ergonomik Analizlerin Kullanımı, İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, İnönü University Journal of Art and Design, 1-101.
  • Mace, R., Hardie, G. J., Place, J. P. (1996). Accessible Environments: Towards Universal Design, Center for Accessible Housing, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
  • Mace, R. L. (1998). Presentation at Designing for the 21st Century: An International Conference on Universal Design (editted by J. Reagan), Hofstra University, New York, USA. Retrieved from https://projects.ncsu.edu/ncsu/design/cud/about_us/usronmacespeech.htm Mitton, M., Nystuen, C. (2022). Residential Interior Design: A Guide to Planning Spaces (4th ed.). New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Olguntürk, N. (2007). Evrensel Tasarım: Tüm Yaşlar, Farklı Yetenekler ve Çeşitli İnsanlık Durumları İçin Tasarım, Dosya 04: Tasarım ve Özgürlük: Engelli İnsanlar ve Herkes İçin Tasarım, TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Ankara Şubesi, Bülten 46: 10-17.
  • Özge, Ç. (2019). Afet ve Acil Durum Sonrası Sürdürülebilir Geçici Konut Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, T. C. Maltepe Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Panero, J., Zelnik, M. (1979). A Source Book of Design Reference Standards. New York, Watson-Guptill Publications
  • Pheasant, S., Haslegrave, C. M. (2015). Bodyspace: Antrophometry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work. Taylor & Francis.
  • Shearer, H., Burton, P. (2021). Tiny Houses: Movement or moment?, Housing Studies. Doi:10.1080/02673037.2021.1884203
  • Shi, Y., Blainey, S., Sun, C., Jing, P. (2020). A literature review on accessibility using bibliometric analysis techniques. Journal of Transport Geography, 87, doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102810
  • Struckmeyer, L., Morgan-Daniel, J., Ahrentzen, S., Ellison C. (2021). Home Modification Assessments for Accessibility and Aesthetics: A Rapid Review, Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 14(2) 313-327.Doi: 10.1177/1937586720960704
  • Şener, S. M., Altun, M. C. (2009). Design of a Post Disaster Temporary Shelter Unit, A|Z ITU Journal of Faculty of Architecture.
  • Şengül, G. (2019). Mobil Konut Bağlamında, Zamanın Değişen İhtiyaçlarına Karşı Mekansal Arayışlar: Tıny House Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, T. C. Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Wegge, K.P., Zimmermann, D. (2007). Accessibility, Usability, Safety, Ergonomics: Concepts, Models, and Differences. In: Stephanidis, C. (eds) Universal Acess in Human Computer Interaction. Coping with Diversity. UAHCI 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4554. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73279-2_33
  • Yan, S. (2014). Ergonomics in Universal Design. Advanced Materials Research Vols., 860(863), 2660-2663, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.860-863.2660
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  • http-5: https://www.freewheelintravel.org/wheelchair-accessible-tiny-house-for-people-with-disabilities/
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Evrensel Tasarım Bakış Açısıyla Acil Durum Barınaklarında İç Mekân Ergonomisi

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 173 - 186, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1199675

Abstract

Acil durum barınakları küresel iklim krizinin yaygınlaştığı Dünya’da giderek daha fazla ihtiyaç duyulan yaşama alanları olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yaşama alanlarının kapsayıcı ve erişilebilir olması ise uzun zamandır mekânsal tasarım kriterleri içerisinde sayılmakta ve çeşitli sözleşme ile yasalarca yaptırım uygulanmaktadır. Sağladığı alan ve kurulum özellikleri bakımından acil durum barınakları için erişilebilirlik çalışmaları henüz yaygınlaştırılmamıştır. Literatürdeki bu açığı kapatmak için bu çalışmada Türkiye’den ve Dünya’dan derlenen çeşitli acil durum barınaklarının iç mekanları evrensel tasarım ve ergonomi kriterlerine göre incelenmiştir. Buradaki asıl amaç; acil durum barınaklarının iç mekanlarında dikkat edilmesi gereken erişilebilirlik kriterlerini tanımlamak ve evrensel tasarım kriterleri ile acil durum barınaklarının tasarlanmasındaki yol haritasını çıkarmaktır. Literatür ve internet arama motoru taramalarından elde edilen 60 farklı acil durum barınağı incelenmiş, plan şeması ve ölçülerine ulaşılan 45 barınaktan ıslak hacim barındıran 13 barınak örneği analiz edilmiştir. Evrensel tasarım kriterleri göz önünde bulundurularak acil durum barınaklarının mekânsal erişilebilirlikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucu acil durum barınaklarında evrensel tasarım kriterlerinin kısmi olarak sağlandığı ve erişilebilirlik açısında pek çok eksiğin olduğu saptanmış; konuyla ilgili yorumlar tartışmalar kısmında sunulmuştur.

References

  • Çağlayan Gümüş, D. (2020). Erişilebilirlik Kılavuzu. Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı Engelli ve Yaşlı Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü
  • Evans, K. (2020). Tackling Homelessness with Tiny Houses: An Inventory of Tiny House Villages in the United States. The Professional Geographer, 72(3), 360-370. Doi:10.1080/00330124.2020.1744170
  • Goldsmith, S. (1997), Designing for the Disabled: The New Paradigm, New York: Routledge Architectural Press
  • Karlen, M., Fleming, R. (2016). Space Planning Basics (4th Ed.). New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Kaya, Ö., Özok, A. F. (2017). Ergonomi ve Tasarım İlişkisi, II. Uluslararası Akdeniz’de Güzel Sanatlar Sempozyumu ve Kültür Sanat Çalıştayı
  • Kernon, K. E., Harmon, S. K. (2022). The Codes Guidebook for Interiors (8th ed.). New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Kurban, H, Kaygın, B, Tankut, A,N,. (2016) Mobilya Tasarımında Antropometrik Ölçü ve Ergonomik Analizlerin Kullanımı, İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, İnönü University Journal of Art and Design, 1-101.
  • Mace, R., Hardie, G. J., Place, J. P. (1996). Accessible Environments: Towards Universal Design, Center for Accessible Housing, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
  • Mace, R. L. (1998). Presentation at Designing for the 21st Century: An International Conference on Universal Design (editted by J. Reagan), Hofstra University, New York, USA. Retrieved from https://projects.ncsu.edu/ncsu/design/cud/about_us/usronmacespeech.htm Mitton, M., Nystuen, C. (2022). Residential Interior Design: A Guide to Planning Spaces (4th ed.). New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Olguntürk, N. (2007). Evrensel Tasarım: Tüm Yaşlar, Farklı Yetenekler ve Çeşitli İnsanlık Durumları İçin Tasarım, Dosya 04: Tasarım ve Özgürlük: Engelli İnsanlar ve Herkes İçin Tasarım, TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Ankara Şubesi, Bülten 46: 10-17.
  • Özge, Ç. (2019). Afet ve Acil Durum Sonrası Sürdürülebilir Geçici Konut Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, T. C. Maltepe Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Panero, J., Zelnik, M. (1979). A Source Book of Design Reference Standards. New York, Watson-Guptill Publications
  • Pheasant, S., Haslegrave, C. M. (2015). Bodyspace: Antrophometry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work. Taylor & Francis.
  • Shearer, H., Burton, P. (2021). Tiny Houses: Movement or moment?, Housing Studies. Doi:10.1080/02673037.2021.1884203
  • Shi, Y., Blainey, S., Sun, C., Jing, P. (2020). A literature review on accessibility using bibliometric analysis techniques. Journal of Transport Geography, 87, doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102810
  • Struckmeyer, L., Morgan-Daniel, J., Ahrentzen, S., Ellison C. (2021). Home Modification Assessments for Accessibility and Aesthetics: A Rapid Review, Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 14(2) 313-327.Doi: 10.1177/1937586720960704
  • Şener, S. M., Altun, M. C. (2009). Design of a Post Disaster Temporary Shelter Unit, A|Z ITU Journal of Faculty of Architecture.
  • Şengül, G. (2019). Mobil Konut Bağlamında, Zamanın Değişen İhtiyaçlarına Karşı Mekansal Arayışlar: Tıny House Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, T. C. Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Wegge, K.P., Zimmermann, D. (2007). Accessibility, Usability, Safety, Ergonomics: Concepts, Models, and Differences. In: Stephanidis, C. (eds) Universal Acess in Human Computer Interaction. Coping with Diversity. UAHCI 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4554. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73279-2_33
  • Yan, S. (2014). Ergonomics in Universal Design. Advanced Materials Research Vols., 860(863), 2660-2663, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.860-863.2660
  • http-1: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/NL7/300/05/IMG/NL730005.pdf?OpenElement
  • http-2: https://www.abilities.com/community/inclusive-small-spaces.html
  • http-3: https://www.archdaily.com/893384/house-plans-under-50-square-meters-26-more-helpful-examples-of-small-scale-living
  • http-4: https://www.spinalcord.com/blog/5-amazing-wheelchair-accessible-tiny-homes
  • http-5: https://www.freewheelintravel.org/wheelchair-accessible-tiny-house-for-people-with-disabilities/
  • http-6: https://www.designboom.com/architecture/arqtainer-liray-house-chile/
  • http-7: http://www.garrisonarchitects.com/blog/post-disaster-housing-prototype-unveiled
  • http-8: https://inhabitat.com/nyc-to-test-out-prefabricated-post-disaster-housing-prototype-in-brooklyn/brooklyn-prefab-disaster-housing-garrison-architects-7/
  • http-9: https://www.dezeen.com/2016/04/14/architects-for-society-low-cost-hexagonal-shelter-housing-refugees-crisis-humanitarian-architecture/
  • http-10: : https://www.archdaily.com/960714/tecla-technology-and-clay-3d-printed-house-mario-cucinella-architects
  • http-11: https://www.archdaily.cl/cl/777784/vimob-colectivo-creativo-arquitectos/573fe441e58ece8ace00001d-vimob-colectivo-creativo-arquitectos-render?next_project=no
  • http-12: https://www.dezeen.com/2016/04/14/architects-for-society-low-cost-hexagonal-shelter-housing-refugees-crisis-humanitarian-architecture/
  • http-13: https://ablenook.com/
  • http-14: https://www.archdaily.com/793534/kokoon-aalto-university-wood-program
  • http-15: https://www.archstorming.com/ehm-w1.html
  • http-16: https://arquitecturaviva.com/works/viviendas-temporales-container-3
  • http-17: https://www.archdaily.com/801540/living-capsule-offers-shelter-from-disasters?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
  • http-18: https://www.designboom.com/architecture/create-personal-sanctuary-equal-architecture-customizable-prefab-environment-05-29-2020/
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İlknur Küçükoğlu 0000-0001-8802-6106

Onur Ülker 0000-0002-8108-6269

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date November 4, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Küçükoğlu, İ., & Ülker, O. (2022). Evrensel Tasarım Bakış Açısıyla Acil Durum Barınaklarında İç Mekân Ergonomisi. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 14(3), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1199675

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