Optimal PID Controller Parameters Tuning via GOA and VSA for an AVR System

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 221 - 230

Mustafa Saka

Abstract

One of the very vital control scheme for power systems is automatic voltage regulator (AVR). Voltage instability may occur in the power systems when its cannot meet the reactive power demand. The reactive power balance in the power system is related to the terminal voltages of synchronous generators (SGs) in the system. The voltage stability for a synchronous generator can be provided with AVR. In this paper, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller has been used for controlled the AVR system. In order to determined optimal PID controller gains, two different optimization methods called Golf Optimization Algorithm (GOA) and Vortex Search Algorithm (VSA) have been chosen. The results have been analyzed with respect to maximum overshoot (MP), settling time (ST) for ±0.05 bandwidth and rising time (RT) from 0.1p.u to 0.9p.u. values. Moreover, the founded results have been compared with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in the literature. Also, robustness analyses have been performed for ±25% and ±50% changes of time constant parameters through the algorithm that gives better performance results. From the computed results, it has been observed that GOA has been capable to improved the performance outputs of AVR system and could tolerate changes in system time constant parameters.

Keywords

Automatic voltage regulator, GOA, VSA, PID controller

Bir AVR Sistemi için GOA ve VSA Aracılığıyla Optimum PID Kontrolör Parametrelerinin Ayarlanması

Abstract

Güç sistemleri için çok önemli kontrol şemalarından biri otomatik voltaj regülatörüdür (AVR). Güç sistemleri reaktif güç talebini karşılayamadığında voltaj dengesizliği meydana gelebilir. Güç sistemindeki reaktif güç dengesi sistemdeki senkron jeneratörlerin (SG) terminal voltajlarıyla ilgilidir. Senkron bir jeneratör için voltaj kararlılığı AVR ile sağlanabilir. Bu makalede, AVR sistemini kontrol etmek için oran-integral-türev (PID) denetleyici kullanılmıştır. Optimum PID denetleyici kazanımlarını belirlemek için Golf Optimizasyon Algoritması (GOA) ve Girdap Arama Algoritması (VSA) olarak adlandırılan iki farklı optimizasyon yöntemi seçilmiştir. Sonuçlar maksimum aşma (MP), ±0,05 bant genişliği için yerleşme süresi (ST) ve 0,1p.u'dan 0,9p.u'ya yükselme süresi (RT) açısından analiz edilmiştir. Dahası, bulunan sonuçlar literatürdeki Parçacık Sürüsü Optimizasyonu (PSO) algoritmasıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, AVR sistem parametrelerinde değişiklikler olabileceğinden, daha iyi performans sonuçları veren algoritma aracılığıyla zaman sabiti parametrelerinin ±%25 ve ±%50 değişim oranları için sağlamlık analizleri yapılmıştır. Hesaplanan sonuçlardan, GOA'nın AVR sisteminin performans çıktılarını iyileştirebildiği ve sistem zaman sabiti parametrelerindeki değişiklikleri tolere edebildiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

Otomatik gerilim regülatörü, GOA, VSA, PID kontrolör

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