Development and Evaluation of a Solar-Powered Cooling System Integrated with Energy Storage

Year 2025, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 282 - 298, 15.07.2025

Bachaier Khir , İbrahim Uzun , Bahadır Gemicioğlu

https://doi.org/10.29137/ijerad.1506901

Abstract

Energy study is conducted on the design of a cooling system powered by solar energy and used to perform the cooling process of a convenience store according to local environmental conditions. The main object of the study is to optimize the characteristic design parameters of the air conditioning system by utilizing solar energy as an alternative to conventional electrical energy. Energy and mass balances are established for the different parts of the convenience store to determine the heat gain by heat transfer in the building and the cooling load required to maintain a constant inside air temperature of 22°C. An air conditioning cycle with return air is considered to provide the required cooling capacity. Rechargeable storage system (battery) is defined to cover the no sunshine period.
Technical research is included to determine the size and number of the photovoltaic solar panels required to provide the electrical power needed for the cooling system operation of and the batteriy charging. Suitable electrical and control equipment are selected from manufacturer catalogs.

Keywords

Cooling system , Solar PV system , heat gain , Heat transfer , Air conditioning , Electrical energy storage

Güneş Enerjili Soğutma Sistemi ve Enerji Depolama İle Entegrasyonun Geliştirilmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Güneş enerjisiyle çalışan bir soğutma sisteminin tasarımı üzerine enerji çalışması yapılmış ve yerel çevresel koşullara göre bir bakkalın soğutma işlemini gerçekleştirmek üzere kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın ana amacı, geleneksel elektrik enerjisi yerine güneş enerjisini kullanarak klima sisteminin karakteristik tasarım parametrelerini optimize etmektir. Bakkalın farklı bölgeleri için enerji ve kütle dengeleri kurulmuş, binada ısı transferi yoluyla ısı kazancı ve iç hava sıcaklığının sabit tutulması için gereken soğutma yükü belirlenmiştir (iç hava sıcaklığı 22°C). İhtiyaç duyulan soğutma kapasitesini sağlamak için geri dönüş havasıyla bir klima devresi ele alınmıştır. Güneş ışığı olmayan dönemleri kapsamak üzere şarj edilebilir depolama sistemi (pil) tanımlanmıştır. Soğutma sisteminin işletilmesi için gereken elektrik gücünü sağlamak için gereken fotovoltaik güneş panellerinin boyutu ve sayısı belirlemek için teknik araştırma yapılmış, uygun elektrik ve kontrol ekipmanları üretici kataloglarından seçilmiştir.

Keywords

Soğutma sistemi , Güneş PV sistemi , ısı kazancı , Isı transferi , Klima , Elektrik enerjisi depolama

References

• Alfa Solar Enerji. (2023). [Catalog]. https://doiwww.alfasolarenerji.com
• Alghool, D., Khir, R., & Haouari, M. (2024). Optimization and Assessment of Solar-Assisted Cooling Systems: A Multicriteria Framework and Comparative Study. Energy Conversion and Management: X, Volume 22, 100530
• Luque, A., & Hegedus, S. (2003), Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons Ltd
• AREA. (2021). [Catalog]. https://areacooling.com
• ASHRAE. (2007). [Handbook]. HVAC Applications (SI), Building air intake and exhaust design, Chapter 44
• Bin Arif, M. S., Mustafa, U., Prabaharan, N., Bin Md. Ayob, S., & Ahmad, J. (2024). Performance evaluation of a hybrid solar PV system with reduced emission designed for residential load in subtropical region. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Volume 46, Issue 1
• Çengel, Y. A., & Boles, M. A. (2010). Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach with Student Resources, 7th edition
• Coral Innovative. (2023). [Biotechnology Company]. https://www.coralinnovative.com/
• Danfoss. (2018). [Catalog]. https://i0.wp.com/hvac-eng.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Logp-h-diagram-R404A.png?fit=3168%2C2448&ssl=1
• Eanes, A., & Smith, A. E. (2024). Optimizing solar capacity for commercial-scale PV systems: An empirical cost-benefit framework for all stakeholders. Solar Energy (269), 112323
• Farj, K. S., Hassan, I. S., & Jaafer, A. M. (2023). Design and Analysis of a Photovoltaic (PV) System for Residential Applications. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing
• Frigo Block. (2019). [Catalog]. https://www.frigoblock.com.tr/
• Friterm. (2016). [Catalog], https://friterm.com/
• Fu, Y., O'Neill, Z., Wen, J., Pertzborn, A., & Bushby, S. T. (2022) Utilizing commercial heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems to provide grid services: A review. Applied Energy, Volume 307, 118133
• Gao, Y., Ji, J., Han, K., & Zhang, F. (2021). Comparative analysis on performance of PV direct-driven refrigeration system under two control. International Journal of Refrigeration, Volume 127, Pages 21-33
• Arslan, G., & Yaman, K. (2017). The Optimization of Solar Water Heating System Using Hybrid Algorithm (PSO/HJ) for Different Locations of Turkey. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 9 Issue 3, Pages 73 – 82
• Green, M. A., & Ho-Baillie, A. (2017). Emerging photovoltaics: Achievements, challenges, and opportunities. Science, 356(6345)
• Ikram, H., Javed, A., Mehmood, M., Shah, M., Ali, M., & Waqas, A. (2021). Techno-economic evaluation of a solar PV integrated refrigeration system for a cold storage facility. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, Volume 44, 101063
• Irena. (2023). [Renewable Enery Company]. https://www.irena.org/
• İzoder TS 825 Hesap Programı. (2024). [Hesap Programı]. https://www.izoder.org.tr/sayfa/30/ts-825-hesap-programi
• Khamisani, A. A., Liu, P. P., Cloward, J., &. Bai, R. (2018). Design Methodology of Off-Grid PV Solar Powered System (A Case Study of Solar Powered Bus Shelter)
• Khezri, R., Mahmoudi, A., & Aki, H. (2022). Optimal Planning of Solar Photovoltaic and Battery Storage Systems for Grid-Connected Residential Sector: Review, Challenges and New Perspectives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 153, 111763
• Kreider, J. F. (2001). Handbook of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. CRC Press LLC
• Liang, R., Zhou, C., Zhang, J., Chen, J., & Riaz, A. (2020). Characteristics analysis of the photovoltaic thermal heat pump system on refrigeration mode: An experimental investigation. Renewable Energy, Volume 146, Pages 2450-2461
• Maiorino, A., Petruzziello, F., Cilenti, C., Llopis, R., & Aprea, C. (2024). Performance evaluation of a hybrid photovoltaic-vapor compression system serving a refrigerated van. International Journal of Refrigeration 168 (2024) 720–729
• Markvart, T., & Castanier, L. (2003). Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics: Fundamentals and Applications. Edition Elsevier, 2003
• McQuiston, F. C., Parker, J. D., Spitler, J. D., & Heating, J. (2001). Ventilating and Air Conditioning. Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of the Republic of Turkey. (2020). [Türkiye's Monthly Average Solar Potential]. https://enerji.gov.tr/eigm-resources-en
• Oral, O., Uğuz, S., & Çağlayan, N. (2019). PV Güç Santrallerinden Elde Edilecek Enerjinin Makine Öğrenmesi Metotları Kullanılarak Tahmin Edilmesi. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 11 Issue 3, Pages 769 – 779
• PowerSafe. (2023). [Catalog]. France.
• Rashid, F. L., Eleiwi, M. A., Mohammed, H. I., Ameen, A., & Ahmad, S. (2023). A Review of Using Solar Energy for Cooling Systems: Applications, Challenges, and Effects
• Ruiz, J., Martínez, P., Aguilar, F., & Lucas, M. (2024) Analytical Modelling and Optimization of a Solar-Driven Cooling System Enhanced with a Photovoltaic Evaporative Chimney. Applied Thermal Engineering 245 (2024) 122878
• Sayigh, A. A. M., & Mcveigh, J. C. (1992). Solar Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
• Su, P., Ji, J., Cai, J., Gao, Y., & Han, K. (2020). Dynamic Simulation and Experimental Study of a Variable Speed Photovoltaic DC Refrigerator. Renewable Energy, Volume 152, Pages 155-164
• Trott, A. R., & Welch, T. (2000). Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, Third edition. Butterworth-Heinemann
• VarioString. (2023). [Catalog]. https://studer-innotec.com/vs120/
• Vedat S., Selamet, A., & Kao, S. (2000). Introduction To Heat Transfer. Prentice-Hall Inc
• Xtender. (2023). [Catalog]. https://www.europe-solarshop.com/document/studer/xtender/xtender_series_user_manual_en.pdf
• Yang, J., Wu, J., Xian , T., Zhang, H., & Li, X. (2022). Research On Energy-Saving Optimization of Commercial Central Air-Conditioning Based on Data Mining Algorithm. Energy and Buildings, Volume 272, 112326
• Yıldız, G., Gürel, A. E., Ceylan, İ., Ergün, A., Karaağaç, M. O., & Ağbulut, Ü. (2023). Thermodynamic Analyses of a Novel Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) Module Assisted Vapor Compression Refrigeration System. Journal of Building Engineering, Volume 64, 105621
• Yontar, E. (2022). Yenilenebilir Enerji Çalışmalarında Bölge Seçimi Problemlerini Etkileyen Kriterlerin Önem Sıralarının Belirlenmesi. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 14 Issue 2, Pages 475 – 491
• Zhang, W., Fu, S., Gao, P., Wu, W., & Pan, Q. (2024). Solar Photovoltaic Refrigeration System Coupled with a Flexible, Cost-Effective and High-Energy-Density Chemisorption Cold Energy Storage Module. Energy, Volume 304, 132163