Review Article

Asymmetric Warfare: Iran's Tools in Confronting the Military Superiority of the United States of America

Volume: 7 Number: 2 June 19, 2026
EN TR

Asymmetric Warfare: Iran's Tools in Confronting the Military Superiority of the United States of America

Abstract

This study examines the topic of asymmetric warfare by presenting key definitions of the concept in international relations and then analyzing the tools and strategies Iran employs to counter the military and technological superiority of the United States and Israel, the two dominant parties in the conflict. The study aims to understand how Iran has developed a unique style of confrontation that relies on unconventional means to compensate for the significant gap in conventional military power. The study focuses on the most prominent tools of asymmetric warfare used by Iran, such as supporting allies and armed groups in the region, developing ballistic missile and drone programs, and utilizing cyber capabilities, media warfare, and psychological warfare. It also explores the role of the ideological and political dimensions in bolstering Iranian influence within the Middle East and the extent to which these tools diminish the effectiveness of American military superiority. Furthermore, the study seeks to highlight the implications of this type of warfare for regional and international security, analyzing the ability of asymmetric warfare to create a relative balance in modern conflicts, particularly when weaker states or entities confront a military power superior in terms of technology and conventional capabilities.

Keywords

References

  1. • Al-Otaibi, Saleh bin Sanidah (2026), An Analytical Reading of the American-Israeli War on Iran, Riyadh: Gulf Research Center.
  2. • Al-Zubaidi, Bilal Muhammad (2026), Asymmetric Warfare between the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran: The Logic of Power versus the Strategy of Attrition, Al-Bayan Center for Studies and Planning.
  3. • Allen, Michael A. & Fordham, Benjamin O. (2011), “From Melos to Baghdad: Explaining Resistance to Militarized Challenges from More Powerful States”, International Studies Quarterly, 55(4), pp. 1025-1045.
  4. • Amer, Ghada Mohamed (2020), “The Evolution of International Conflict in Light of Technological Advancements and the Emergence of Asymmetric Warfare: Unconventional Warfare”, Journal of Strategic and Military Studies, 8.
  5. • Arreguín-Toft, Ivan (2001), “How the weak win wars: A theory of asymmetric conflict”, International Security, 26(1), pp. 93-128.
  6. • Bakir, Ali (2026), “The US-Israeli War on Iran: Context of Escalation and Trajectories of the Conflict”, Lubab for Strategic Studies, 30, pp. 72-98.
  7. • Bennett, Bruce W. & Twomey, Christopher P. & Treverton, Gregory F. (1999), What Are Asymmetric Strategies?, Washington, D.C.: RAND.
  8. • Khaliq, Fazal (2026), “Strategic Resilience, Miscalculation, and Geopolitical Realignment: The 2026 US-Israel-Iran”, Erişim Tarihi: 12.06.2026, Erişim Adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/404040249_Strategic_Resilience_Miscalcula1on_and_Geopoli1cal_Realignment_The_2026_US-Israel-Iran.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

International Politics, International Security

Journal Section

Review Article

Publication Date

June 19, 2026

Submission Date

May 21, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 3, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 2

APA
İnaç, H., & Hadji, A. (2026). Asymmetric Warfare: Iran’s Tools in Confronting the Military Superiority of the United States of America. UPA Strategic Affairs, 7(2), 220-241. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20762006
AMA
1.İnaç H, Hadji A. Asymmetric Warfare: Iran’s Tools in Confronting the Military Superiority of the United States of America. UPA Strategic Affairs. 2026;7(2):220-241. doi:10.5281/zenodo.20762006
Chicago
İnaç, Hüsamettin, and Aymene Hadji. 2026. “Asymmetric Warfare: Iran’s Tools in Confronting the Military Superiority of the United States of America”. UPA Strategic Affairs 7 (2): 220-41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20762006.
EndNote
İnaç H, Hadji A (June 1, 2026) Asymmetric Warfare: Iran’s Tools in Confronting the Military Superiority of the United States of America. UPA Strategic Affairs 7 2 220–241.
IEEE
[1]H. İnaç and A. Hadji, “Asymmetric Warfare: Iran’s Tools in Confronting the Military Superiority of the United States of America”, UPA Strategic Affairs, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 220–241, June 2026, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20762006.
ISNAD
İnaç, Hüsamettin - Hadji, Aymene. “Asymmetric Warfare: Iran’s Tools in Confronting the Military Superiority of the United States of America”. UPA Strategic Affairs 7/2 (June 1, 2026): 220-241. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20762006.
JAMA
1.İnaç H, Hadji A. Asymmetric Warfare: Iran’s Tools in Confronting the Military Superiority of the United States of America. UPA Strategic Affairs. 2026;7:220–241.
MLA
İnaç, Hüsamettin, and Aymene Hadji. “Asymmetric Warfare: Iran’s Tools in Confronting the Military Superiority of the United States of America”. UPA Strategic Affairs, vol. 7, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 220-41, doi:10.5281/zenodo.20762006.
Vancouver
1.Hüsamettin İnaç, Aymene Hadji. Asymmetric Warfare: Iran’s Tools in Confronting the Military Superiority of the United States of America. UPA Strategic Affairs. 2026 Jun. 1;7(2):220-41. doi:10.5281/zenodo.20762006