THE ROLE OF THE SOCİO-POLİTİCAL CONDİTİONS OF THE GREAT SELJUK EMPİRE AT THE TİME OF THE FİRST CRUSADERS’ SUCCESS

Number: 5 June 1, 2016
  • Abdülkerim Özaydın
EN TR

THE ROLE OF THE SOCİO-POLİTİCAL CONDİTİONS OF THE GREAT SELJUK EMPİRE AT THE TİME OF THE FİRST CRUSADERS’ SUCCESS

Abstract

The most important factor for the success of the First Crusade, no doubt, is debilitation of the central authority in the Great Seljuk Emripe. I want to evaluate the political and social events which led to such situation under the following topics. 1. After Melik Shah’s death in 1092, the on-going fights for the throne between his sons and dynasty members. As a Turkish-Islamic state the Great Seljuk Empire, like other Turkish-Islamic states, has a structure which is also composed of ancient Turkish customs and Islamic elements. There was no certain rule to come to the throne in the Great Seljuk Empire which adopted ancient Turkish state mentality, concerning accession. As a result of this, constant fights for the throne both during the lifetimeof sultans and after their deaths, were frequent. So, the central authority’s power declined and couldn’t successfully campaign against the Crusades. 2. Clandestine activities of the Batinis led by Hasan Sabbah and the consequent damages to the state Batinies, which was one of the extreme Shiite sect and took up different names such as Ismailies, Hashishies, Zanadika, Malahida, Ibahiyya and Ta’limiyya, was one of the principal problems which occupied and debilitated central authority in the Great Seljuk Empire. Batinies/Ismailies, seriously damaged the state in political and social aspects andimpeded with the fight against the Crusaders, led by Hasan Sabbah who had keen intelligence, revolutionary and organizer qualifications. 3. Self-seeker policies of Emirs It is without question, self-seeker policies of emirs played an important role in blowing serious injury to the state authority of the Great Seljuk Empire. We see that the emirs,who had great iqta, extensive land and military force at their side, clashed with the sultan andamongst themselves. We also see when they at the sight of their iqta’srevolt against the sultan separately or jointly. These conflictsprevented a strong struggle against the Crusaders as was required. 4. Unqualified viziers and other statesmen The viziers in the Great Seljuk Empire had extensive authority as the absolute deputy of sultans. In his Siyasatnama, Nizamulmulk remarks that peace and harmony in the state depends on the competent vizier, if the vizier is capable the state would develop, people would be content and the sultan wouldbe pleased, otherwise the sultan and the state would suffer. After the martyrdom of Nizamulmulk by the Batinies, acceding vizierswho were incapable and completely self-seeking, overshadowed the state authority and couldn’t take measures against the Crusaders’ invasion. 5. Difficulties caused by Turkmen, Arab and other tribes Under the rule of the local emirs, the tribes which were after plundering and looting, were one of the factors which occupied the central government at the time. These tribes were ready to join to the rebellious emirs and adventurers. The tribes could quickly change sides and the ensuing socio- political chaos,curbed the state’spower and therefore the state had to spend its energy rather than using it for the fight against the Crusaders. 6. Political Role of hatuns or other women and their intricacies On the suffering of the central authority, passions of court’s women and their political activities had an important role. In terms of political struggle and conflict, the most salient hatun was Terken Hatun, who was the wife of Melik Shah and was efficient inshaking of the state authority in the first place. Terken Hatun hadextensive influence not only over her husband, Sultan Melik Shah, but also sultan’s emirs and commanders. Her extensive influence on the statesmen continued after his husband’s death. She resorted to numerousplots to enthrone her about 5 years old son, Mahmud, and exercised influence over the caliph, ulama and commanders, and also put up a fight against Berkyaruk, the older son of Melik Shah. In conclusion, this struggle and fight for the throne led to the weakening of the state authority. 7. Sectarian Tensions Sectarian tensions in the territory of the Great Seljuk Empire during the Crusade invasion were one of the factors which afflicted social structure and disrupted the fight against the Crusaders together. Sectarian tensions could be seen between the Shiite and Sunnies and even between themembers of Sunni sects. And these tensions werepartially damaging to the ultimate struggle against the Crusaders.

Keywords

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

-

Journal Section

-

Authors

Abdülkerim Özaydın This is me

Publication Date

June 1, 2016

Submission Date

June 1, 2016

Acceptance Date

-

Published in Issue

Year 2016 Number: 5

APA
Özaydın, A. (2016). I. HAÇLI SEFERİNİN BAŞARIYA ULAŞMASINDA BÜYÜK SELÇUKLULAR’IN İÇİNDE BULUNDUĞU SİYÂSÎ ve İÇTİMÂÎ ŞARTLARIN ROLÜ. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5, 1-18. https://izlik.org/JA69TZ25JU
AMA
1.Özaydın A. I. HAÇLI SEFERİNİN BAŞARIYA ULAŞMASINDA BÜYÜK SELÇUKLULAR’IN İÇİNDE BULUNDUĞU SİYÂSÎ ve İÇTİMÂÎ ŞARTLARIN ROLÜ. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2016;(5):1-18. https://izlik.org/JA69TZ25JU
Chicago
Özaydın, Abdülkerim. 2016. “I. HAÇLI SEFERİNİN BAŞARIYA ULAŞMASINDA BÜYÜK SELÇUKLULAR’IN İÇİNDE BULUNDUĞU SİYÂSÎ Ve İÇTİMÂÎ ŞARTLARIN ROLÜ”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi, nos. 5: 1-18. https://izlik.org/JA69TZ25JU.
EndNote
Özaydın A (June 1, 2016) I. HAÇLI SEFERİNİN BAŞARIYA ULAŞMASINDA BÜYÜK SELÇUKLULAR’IN İÇİNDE BULUNDUĞU SİYÂSÎ ve İÇTİMÂÎ ŞARTLARIN ROLÜ. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi 5 1–18.
IEEE
[1]A. Özaydın, “I. HAÇLI SEFERİNİN BAŞARIYA ULAŞMASINDA BÜYÜK SELÇUKLULAR’IN İÇİNDE BULUNDUĞU SİYÂSÎ ve İÇTİMÂÎ ŞARTLARIN ROLÜ”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 5, pp. 1–18, June 2016, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA69TZ25JU
ISNAD
Özaydın, Abdülkerim. “I. HAÇLI SEFERİNİN BAŞARIYA ULAŞMASINDA BÜYÜK SELÇUKLULAR’IN İÇİNDE BULUNDUĞU SİYÂSÎ Ve İÇTİMÂÎ ŞARTLARIN ROLÜ”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi. 5 (June 1, 2016): 1-18. https://izlik.org/JA69TZ25JU.
JAMA
1.Özaydın A. I. HAÇLI SEFERİNİN BAŞARIYA ULAŞMASINDA BÜYÜK SELÇUKLULAR’IN İÇİNDE BULUNDUĞU SİYÂSÎ ve İÇTİMÂÎ ŞARTLARIN ROLÜ. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2016;:1–18.
MLA
Özaydın, Abdülkerim. “I. HAÇLI SEFERİNİN BAŞARIYA ULAŞMASINDA BÜYÜK SELÇUKLULAR’IN İÇİNDE BULUNDUĞU SİYÂSÎ Ve İÇTİMÂÎ ŞARTLARIN ROLÜ”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 5, June 2016, pp. 1-18, https://izlik.org/JA69TZ25JU.
Vancouver
1.Abdülkerim Özaydın. I. HAÇLI SEFERİNİN BAŞARIYA ULAŞMASINDA BÜYÜK SELÇUKLULAR’IN İÇİNDE BULUNDUĞU SİYÂSÎ ve İÇTİMÂÎ ŞARTLARIN ROLÜ. Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi [Internet]. 2016 Jun. 1;(5):1-18. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA69TZ25JU

Selçuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).