ERGENLERDE İNTERNET BAĞIMLILIĞININ YORDAYICISI OLARAK PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK VE YAŞAM DOYUMU

Year 2022, , 81 - 95, 15.08.2022

Mehmet Enes Sağar , Süleyman Sağar

https://doi.org/10.29065/usakead.1069202

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, psikolojik sağlamlık ve yaşam doyumu değişkenlerinin ergenlerin internet bağımlılığı düzeylerini ne kadar yordadığının incelenmesidir. Araştırma grubu 348 ergenden meydana gelmiştir. Araştırma grubunun yaş ortalaması 16.37’dir. Veri toplama araçları olarak “İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeği”, “Çocuk ve Genç Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği”, “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler çoklu doğrusal regresyon analiz (adımsal) yöntemi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, ergenlerde internet bağımlılığını psikolojik sağlamlık ve yaşam doyumu değişkenlerinin anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Ergen, İnternet bağımlılığı, Psikolojik sağlamlık, Yaşam doyumu

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

RESILIENCE AND LIFE SATISFACTION AS PREDICTORS OF INTERNET ADDICTION IN ADOLESCENTS

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine to what extent resilience and life satisfaction variables predict internet addiction levels of adolescents. The research group consisted of 348 adolescents. The mean age of the research group is 16.37. “Internet Addiction Scale”, “Child and Youth Resilience Measure”, “Life Satisfaction Scale” and “Personal Information Form” were used as data collection tools. In the study, the data were analyzed with the multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise) method. As a result of the research, it was determined that the variables of resilience and life satisfaction predicted internet addiction in adolescents at a significant level.

Keywords

Adolescent, Internet addiction, Resilience, Life satisfaction

Project Number

-

References

• Akboğa, Ö. F. ve Gürgan, U. (2019). Gençlerde internet bağımlılığı ile sosyal kaygı bozukluğu arasındaki ilişkinin yaşam doyumu ve bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(6), 443-464. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/asead/issue/47256/595902.
• Akbulut, Y. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS uygulamaları. İstanbul: İdeal Kültür Yayıncılık.
• Anderson, E. L., Steen, E. and Stavropoulos, V. (2017). Internet use and problematic internet use: A systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22(4), 430-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2016.1227716.
• Arslan, G. (2015). Çocuk ve genç psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin (ÇGPSÖ-12) psikometrik özellikleri: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 16(1), 1-12.
• Ateş, B. ve Sağar, M. E. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinde bilişsel esneklik ve duygu düzenleme becerilerinin internet bağımlılığı üzerindeki yordayıcı rolü. Uşak Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 87-102. doi:10.29065/usakead.887799.
• Azher, M., Khan, R. B., Salim, M., Bilal, M., Hussain, A. and Haseeb, M. (2014). The relationship between internet addiction and anxiety among students of university of Sargodha. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(1), 288-293.
• Błachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., Benvenuti, M., Mazzoni, E. and Seidman, G. (2019). Relations between facebook intrusion, internet addiction, life satisfaction, and self-esteem: a study in Italy and the USA. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(25), 793-805. DOI:10.1007/s11469-018-0038-y.
• Beard, K. W. and Wolf, E. M. (2001). Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for ınternet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 377-383. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493101300210286.
• Bozkurt, H., Şahin, S. ve Zoroğlu, S. (2016). İnternet bağımlılığı: Güncel bir gözden geçirme. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, 6(3), 235-247. DOI:10.16899/ctd.66303
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. (15. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
• Cao, Q., An, J., Yang, Y., Peng, P., Xu, S., Xu, X. and Xiang, H. (2020). Correlation among psychological resilience, loneliness, and internet addiction among left-behind children in China: A cross-sectional study. Current Psychology, 1-8. DOI:10.1007/s12144-020-00970-3.
• Cao, H., Sun, Y., Wan, Y., Hao, J. and Tao, F. (2011). Problematic internet use in Chinese adolescents and its relation to psychosomatic symptoms and life satisfaction. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 1-8. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-802
• Caplan, S. E. (2002). Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: development of a theory-based cognitive–behavioral measurement instrument. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(5), 553-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00004-3.
• Caplan, S. E. (2005). A social skill account of problematic internet use. Journal of Communication, 55(4), 721-736. DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb03019.x.
• Chang, F. C., Chiu, C. H., Miao, N. F., Chen, P. H., Lee, C. M., Chiang, J. T. and Pan, Y. C. (2015). The relationship between parental mediation and internet addiction among adolescents, and the association with cyberbullying and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 57, 21-28. DOI:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.013.
• Cheng, C., & Li, A. Y. (2014). Internet Addiction Prevalence and Quality of (Real) Life: A Meta-Analysis of 31 Nations Across Seven World Regions. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(12), 755–760. DOI:10.1089/cyber.2014.0317.
• Cheung, L. M. and Wong, W. S. (2011). The effects of insomnia and internet addiction on depression in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents: An exploratory cross‐sectional analysis. Journal of Sleep Research, 20(2), 311-317. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00883.x.
• Choi, Eun-Mi, Shin, Jeom-Ran, Bae, Jae-Hong, & Kim, Myung-Sik. (2014). The Relationships among Depression, Anxiety, Impulsivity and Aggression and Internet Addiction of College Students - Moderating Effect of Resilience. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 14(8), 329–341. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2014.14.08.329.
• Çelik, Ç. B., & Odacı, H. (2013). The relationship between problematic internet use and interpersonal cognitive distortions and life satisfaction in university students. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(3), 505-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.01.001.
• Diener, E. and Lucas, R. E. (1999). 11 personality and subjective well-being. Well-being: Foundations of hedonic psychology. Russell: Sage Foundation.
• Dong, B., Zhao, F., Wu, X. S., Wang, W. J., Li, Y. F., Zhang, Z. H. and Sun, Y. H. (2019). Social anxiety may modify the relationship between internet addiction and its determining factors in Chinese adolescents. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(6), 1508-1520.
• Garmezy, N. (1971). Vulnerability research and the issue of primary prevention. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 41(1), 101–116. DOI:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1971.tb01111.x.
• Garmezy, N. (1974). The study of competence in children at risk for severe psychopathology. In E. J. Anthony and C. Koupernik (Ed.), The child in his family: III. children at psychiatric risk (pp. 77-97). New York: Wiley.
• Gholamian, B., Shahnazi, H. and Hassanzadeh, A. (2017). The prevalence of internet addiction and its association with depression, anxiety, and stress, among high-school students. International Journal of Pediatrics, 5(4), 4763-4770. DOI:10.22038/ijp.2017.22516.1883.
• Goel, D., Subramanyam, A. and Kamath, R. (2013). A study on the prevalence of internet addiction and its association with psychopathology in Indian adolescents. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 140-143. DOI:10.4103/0019-5545.111451.
• Griffiths, M. D. (1996). Internet addiction: an issue for clinical psychology?. Clinical Psychology Forum, 97, 32-36. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/25089.
• Günüç, S. ve Kayri, M. (2010). Türkiye’de internet bağımlılık profili ve internet bağımlılık ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 39, 220–232. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hunefd/issue/7799/102177.
• Ha, J. H., Kim, S. Y., Bae, S. C., Bae, S., Kim, H., Sim, M., Lyoo, I. K. and Cho, S. C. (2007). Depression and internet addiction in adolescents. Psychopathology, 40(6), 424-430. DOI:10.1159/000107426.
• Jun, S. and Choi, E. (2015). Academic stress and internet addiction from general strain theory framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 282-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.001.
• Kitazawa, M., Yoshimura, M., Murata, M., Sato-Fujimoto, Y., Hitokoto, H., Mimura, M., Tsubota, K. and Kishimoto, T. (2018). Associations between problematic Internet use and psychiatric symptoms among university students in Japan. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 72(7), 531-539. DOI:10.1111/pcn.12662.
• Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Chen, C. C., Chen, S. H. and Yen, C. F. (2005). Proposed diagnostic criteria of internet addiction for adolescents. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(11), 728-733. DOI:10.1097/01.nmd.0000185891.13719.54
• Ko, C. H., Liu, T. L., Wang, P. W., Chen, C. S., Yen, C. F. and Yen, J. Y. (2014). The exacerbation of depression, hostility, and social anxiety in the course of internet addiction among adolescents: A prospective study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(6), 1377-1384. DOI:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.05.003.
• Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Kuss, D. J., Van Rooij, A. J., Shorter, G. W., Griffiths, M. D., & van de Mheen, D. (2013). Internet addiction in adolescents: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1987-1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.002.
• Lachmann, B., Sariyska, R., Kannen, C., Cooper, A., & Montag, C. (2016). Life satisfaction and problematic Internet use: Evidence for gender specific effects. Psychiatry research, 238, 363-367. DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.017.
• Leung, L. (2007). Stressful life events, motives for ınternet use, and social support among digital kids. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(2), 204–214. DOI:10.1089/cpb.2006.9967.
• Li, X., Shi, M., Wang, Z., Shi, K., Yang, R. and Yang, C. (2010, 16-17August). Resilience as a predictor of internet addiction: The mediation effects of perceived class climate and alienation. 2010 IEEE 2nd Symposium on Web Society, Beijing, China. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5607478 adresinden 19.09.2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
• Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227.
• Masten, A. S., Best, K. M. and Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2(04), 425-444. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400005812.
• Murphy L. B. and Moriarty A. (1976). Vulnerability, coping, and growth: From infancy to adolescence. New Haven: Yale U Press.
• Myers, D. G. and Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy?. Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00298.x.
• Nam, C. R., Lee, D. H., Lee, J. Y., Choi, A., Chung, S. J., Kim, D. J., ... & Choi, J. S. (2018). The role of resilience in internet addiction among adolescents between sexes: a moderated mediation model. Journal of clinical medicine, 7(8), 222-237. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7080222.
• Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J. and Tobin, S. S. (1961). The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16(2), 134–143. DOI:10.1093/geronj/16.2.134 .
• Naseri, L., Mohamadi, J., Sayehmiri, K. and Azizpoor, Y. (2015). Perceived social support, self-esteem, and internet addiction among students of Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 9(3), 1-4. DOI:10.17795/ijpbs-421
• Ostovar, S., Allahyar, N., Aminpoor, H., Moafian, F., Nor, M. B. M. and Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Internet addiction and its psychosocial risks (depression, anxiety, stress and loneliness) among Iranian adolescents and young adults: A structural equation model in a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14(3), 257-267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9628-0.
• Panicker, J. and Sachdev, R. (2014). Relations among loneliness, depression, anxiety, stress and problematic internet use. International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences, 2(9), 1-10.
• Pontes, H. M., Griffiths, M. D. and Patrão, I. M. (2014). Internet addiction and loneliness among children and adolescents in the education setting: An empirical pilot study. Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport, 32(1), 91-98.
• Rębisz, S. and Sikora, I. (2016). Internet addiction in adolescents. Practice and Theory in Systems of Education, 11(3), 194-204. DOI:10.1515/ptse-2016-0019.
• Robertson, T. W., Yan, Z. and Rapoza, K. A. (2018). Is resilience a protective factor of internet addiction?. Computers in Human Behavior, 78, 255-260. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2017.09.027.
• Rutter, M. (1979). Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantage. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 8(3), 324-338.
• Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598–611. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.6.598.
• Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57(3), 316-331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x.
• Sağar, M. E. (2021). Predictive role of cognitive flexibility and self-control on social media addiction in university students. International Education Studies, 14(4), 1-10. DOI:10.5539/ies.v14n4p1.
• Sağar, M. E., ve Kök Eren, H. (2018). Bir grup üniversite öğrencisinin internet bağımlılıklarının incelenmesi. Asos Journal The Journal of Academic Social Science, 80, 523-534. DOI:10.16992/ASOS.14232.
• Saikia, A. M., Das, J., Barman, P. and Bharali, M. D. (2019). Internet addiction and its relationships with depression, anxiety, and stress in urban adolescents of Kamrup District, Assam. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 26(2), 108-112. DOI:10.4103/jfcm.JFCM_93_18
• Salarvand, S., Bagheri, Z., Keshvari, M., Dalvand, P., Gheshlagh, R. G. and Keshvari, M. (2018). The prevalence of internet addiction and its relations to the self esteem and life satisfaction in students of a medical university. Acta Medica Iranica, 56(6), 392-397.
• Sato, T. (2006). Internet addiction among students: Prevalence and psychological problems in Japan. Japan Medical Association Journal, 49(7/8), 279-283.
• Seabra, L., Loureiro, M., Pereira, H., Monteiro, S., Marina Afonso, R. and Esgalhado, G. (2017). Relationship between internet addiction and self-esteem: Cross-cultural study in Portugal and Brazil. Interacting with Computers, 29(5), 767-778. DOI:10.1093/iwc/iwx011.
• Sert Ağır, M. (2018). Ergenlerde psikolojik sağlamlık, okul tükenmişliği ve internet bağımlılığı üzerine bir inceleme. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(16), 5-28. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/genclikarastirmalari/issue/66475/1040666.
• Shahnaz, I., & Karim, A. K. M. R. (2014). The impact of Internet addiction on life satisfaction and life engagement in young adults. Universal Journal of Psychology, 2(9), 273-284. DOI:10.13189/ujp.2014.020902.
• Shapira, N. A., Lessig, M. C., Goldsmith, T. D., Szabo, S. T., Lazoritz, M., Gold, M. S. and Stein, D. J. (2003). Problematic internet use: Proposed classification and diagnostic criteria. Depression and Anxiety, 17(4), 207-216. DOI:10.1002/da.10094. Sharma, P. and De Sousa, A. (2016). Internet addiction in adolescents–an overview. Indian Journal of Mental Health, 3(4), 394-404.
• Shaw, M. and Black, D. W. (2008). Internet addiction: definition, assessment, epidemiology and clinical management. CNS Drugs, 22(5), 353-365. DOI:10.2165/00023210-200822050-00001.
• Shi, X., Wang, J. and Zou, H. (2017). Family functioning and internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of self-esteem and loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.028.
• Suler, J. R. (1999). To get what you need: Healthy and pathological internet use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 2(5), 385–393. DOI:10.1089/cpb.1999.2.385.
• Şahin, C. (2016). Rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık öğrencilerinin internet bağımlılığı ile yaşam doyumu düzeyleri arasındaki ilişinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 1-13. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/intjces/issue/25669/270723.
• Tam, P. G. (2016). Problematic internet use in youth: An outline and overview for health professionals. Australian Clinical Psychologist, 2(1), 1-14.
• Tang, J., Yu, Y., Du, Y., Ma, Y., Zhang, D. and Wang, J. (2014). Prevalence of internet addiction and its association with stressful life events and psychological symptoms among adolescent internet users. Addictive Behaviors, 39(3), 744-747. DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.12.010.
• Tan, Y., Chen, Y., Lu, Y. and Li, L. (2016). Exploring associations between problematic internet use, depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance among southern Chinese adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(3), 1-12. DOI:10.3390/ijerph13030313.
• Tao, R., Huang, X., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y. and Li, M. (2010). Proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction. Addiction, 105(3), 556-564. DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02828.x.
• Taş, İ. (2019). Association between depression, anxiety, stress, social support, resilience and internet addiction: a structural equation modelling. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7(3), 1-10. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17220/mojet.2019.03.001.
• Tserkovnikova, N. G., Shchipanova, D. Y., Uskova, B. A., Puzyrev, V. V. and Fedotovskih, O. (2016). Psychological aspects of internet addiction of teenagers. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(16), 8846-8857.
• Vanderstoep, S. W. & Johnston, D. D. (2009). Methods for everyday life blending qualitative and quantitative approaches. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Yen, C. F., Chou, W. J., Liu, T. L., Yang, P. and Hu, H. F. (2014). The association of internet addiction symptoms with anxiety, depression and self-esteem among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(7), 1601-1608. DOI:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.05.025.
• Young, K. (2010). Internet addiction over the decade: a personal look back. World Psychiatry, 9(2), 91–91. DOI:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00279.x.
• Young, K. S. (1996). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237-244. http://www.netaddiction.com/articles/newdisorder.pdf.
• Young, K. S. (2004). Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(4), 402-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204270278.
• Young, K. S. and Rogers, R. C. (1998). The relationship between depression and internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(1), 25–28. DOI:10.1089/cpb.1998.1.25.
• Wagnild, G. M. and Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165-178.
• Wagnild, G. and Young, H. M. (1990). Resilience among older women. IMAGE: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 22(4), 252-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1990.tb00224.x
• Weinstein, A., Dorani, D., Elhadif, R., Bukovza, Y., Yarmulnik, A. and Dannon, P. (2015). Internet addiction is associated with social anxiety in young adults. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 27(1), 4-9.
• Werner, E. E., Bierman, J. M. and French, F. E. (1971). The children of Kauai: A longitudinal study from the prenatal period to age ten. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
• Wisniewski, P., Jia, H., Wang, N., Zheng, S., Xu, H., Rosson, M. B. and Carroll, J. M. (2015, April). Resilience mitigates the negative effects of adolescent internet addiction and online risk exposure. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 4029-4038).
• Zhou, P., Zhang, C., Liu, J. and Wang, Z. (2017). The relationship between resilience and internet addiction: A multiple mediation model through peer relationship and depression. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(10), 634–639. DOI:10.1089/cyber.2017.0319.