THE ARCHITECTURAL THEORY BEFORE AND AFTER KANT IN THE INTERSECTION OF THE PHILOSOPHY AND ARCHITECTURE

Year 2020, Issue: 4, 691 - 714, 22.12.2020

Hasan Basri Kartal , Asiye Nisa Kartal

https://doi.org/10.47994/usbad.804650

Abstract

With the philosophical system he established, Kant has become one of the leading actors that need to be reckoned, overcome, and expounded in the history of philosophy, especially since the end of the 19th century. Kant's significance for Architectural Theory is not only due to his profound influence on 20th Century Western Philosophy. Kant's centricity is maybe due to creating his critical philosophy through synthesising European Continental Rationalism and Anglo-Saxon Empiricism in the Western Philosophy Tradition that precedes before him and underlining the limitations of our knowledge by questioning the preceding Western metaphysics and reversing of some its concepts and principles. Kant's approach found its most competent expression in Neo-Kantian philosophy, and the legacy left by Neo-Kantians played a central role in the formation of 20th-century philosophical approaches. In this context, Neo-Kantians paved the way for the analysis of the ontological character of architectural works within different epistemological constructs, and consequently the theoretical and philosophical character of architectural knowledge. Based on this idea, it is possible to divide the epistemological approaches produced in the field of architecture into two as before and after Kant. The aim of this essay is to underline the importance of Kant's philosophy in terms of architectural theory and philosophy, along with its influence on its contemporary architectural theorists, why it is still valid currently. This article follows a theoretical approach as a method to decipher the storyline of the architectural theory before and after Kant. As the article shows Kant is an important figure not only in western philosophy but also in the development of architectural theory thinking.

Keywords

Architectural Theory, Kant, Neo-Kantianism, Continental Philosophy, Analytic Tradition

FELSEFE VE MİMARLIK KESİŞİMİNDE KANT ÖNCESİ VE SONRASI MİMARLIK TEORİSİ

Abstract

Kant kurduğu felsefi sistemi ile kendinden sonra özellikle 19. Yüzyıl’ın sonlarından itibaren felsefe tarihi içerisinde hesaplaşılması, aşılması, açımlanması gereken baş aktörlerden biri olmuştur. Kant’ın Mimarlık Teorisi için önemi, yalnızca 20. Yüzyıl Batı Felsefesi üzerindeki derin etkisinden kaynaklanmaz. Kant’ın bu merkeziliğinin belki de en önemli nedeni Batı Felsefesi geleneği içerisindeki kendisinden önce gelen Kıta Avrupa’sı Rasyonalizmi ile Anglo-Sakson Ampirizmini birleştirerek kendi Eleştirel Felsefesini içerisinde bu iki geleneği sentezlemesi, kendinden önceki Batı metafiziğini sorgulayarak insan bilgisinin sınırlılığının altını çizmesi ve bazı kavramlarını ve ilkelerini ters yüz edişidir. Kant’ın yaklaşımı en yetkin ifadesini Yeni-Kantçı felsefe içerisinde bulmuş ve Yeni-Kantçılar’ın bıraktığı miras 20. Yüzyıl felsefi yaklaşımlarının oluşumunda merkezi bir rol oynamıştır. Bu bağlamda Yeni-Kantçılar mimari eserlerin ontolojik karakterinin farklı epistemolojik kurgular içerisinde çözümlenmesini ve dolayısıyla da mimari bilginin kuramsal ve felsefi bir nitelik kazanmasının önünü açmıştır. Bu düşünceden hareketle mimarlık alanında üretilen epistemolojik yaklaşımları Kant öncesi ve sonrası olarak ikiye ayırmak mümkündür. Bu denemenin amacı Kant felsefesinin kendi çağdaşı mimarlık kuramcıları üzerindeki etkisi ile günümüz açısından hala geçerliliğini neden koruduğunun mimarlık kuramı ve felsefe açısından öneminin altını çizmektir. Bu makale, mimarlık teorisinin Kant öncesi ve sonrası hikayesini teorik bir metotla deşifre etmektedir. Makale göstermektedir ki, Kant sadece bati felsefesi alanında değil mimarlık düşüncesinin gelişiminde de çok önemli bir paya sahip bir figürdür.

Keywords

Mimarlık Teorisi, Kant, Yeni-Kantçılık, Kıta Felsefesi, Analitik Gelenek

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