Impact of Smoking on Respiratory Function in Young Women

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cigarette smoking on selected respiratory functions in young women. Method: A total of 40 young women voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were divided into non-smoker (n = 20; age: 19.8 ± 1.54 years, height: 163.05 ± 6.64 cm, body weight: 55.6 ± 6.79 kg) and smoker groups (n = 20; age: 20.2 ± 1.82 years, height: 163.5 ± 4.59 cm, body weight: 55.4 ± 11.45 kg). All participants were apparently healthy and reported engaging in regular light-to-moderate physical activity as part of their daily routines; however, none were involved in organized or competitive sports training programs. The smoker group consisted of individuals who reported daily cigarette smoking for at least three consecutive years, while the non-smoker group included participants with no history of smoking or substance dependence. Respiratory function parameters were assessed using a spirometer under standardized conditions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Data normality was evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and since the data were not normally distributed, group comparisons were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test. The level of statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in all measured respiratory parameters-including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of vital capacity (FEF₂₅-₇₅), vital capacity (VC), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV)-with consistently higher values recorded in the non-smoker group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that cigarette smoking is associated with a pronounced negative impact on pulmonary function in young women, resulting in significant reductions across multiple spirometric parameters even in the absence of structured sports training.

Keywords

• Addiction
• Respiration
• Smoking
• Women

Yetişkin Kadınlarda Sigaranın Solunum Fonksiyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sigara kullanımının genç kadınlarda seçilmiş solunumsal fonksiyonlar üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya toplam 40 genç kadın gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılar, sigara içmeyen (n = 20; yaş: 19,8 ± 1,54 yıl; boy: 163,05 ± 6,64 cm; vücut ağırlığı: 55,6 ± 6,79 kg) ve sigara içen (n = 20; yaş: 20,2 ± 1,82 yıl; boy: 163,5 ± 4,59 cm; vücut ağırlığı: 55,4 ± 11,45 kg) gruplarına ayrılmıştır. Tüm katılımcılar görünür biçimde sağlıklı olup günlük rutinleri kapsamında hafif-orta düzeyde fiziksel etkinlikte bulunduklarını bildirmiş, ancak hiçbiri düzenli veya rekabetçi spor antrenman programlarına dahil olmamıştır. Sigara içen grup, en az üç yıl boyunca her gün sigara içtiğini bildiren bireylerden; sigara içmeyen grup ise sigara veya madde kullanım öyküsü bulunmayan kişilerden oluşmuştur. Solunum fonksiyonu parametreleri standardize koşullar altında bir spirometre kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analiz SPSS yazılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri dağılımının normalliği Shapiro–Wilk testi ile incelenmiş; verilerin normal dağılmaması nedeniyle grup karşılaştırmalarında Mann–Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi α = 0,05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Zorunlu vital kapasite (FVC), bir saniyedeki zorlu ekspiratuvar hacim (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC oranı, tepe ekspiratuvar akım (PEF), vital kapasitenin %25–75’lik aralığında zorlu ekspiratuvar akım (FEF₂₅–₇₅), vital kapasite (VC) ve maksimal istemli ventilasyon (MVV) dâhil olmak üzere tüm solunumsal parametrelerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gözlenmiş; sigara içmeyen grupta sistematik biçimde daha yüksek değerler kaydedilmiştir (p < 0,05). Sonuç: Bulgular, sigara kullanımının genç kadınlarda akciğer fonksiyonları üzerinde belirgin ve olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olduğunu, düzenli spor antrenmanı olmaksızın dahi birçok spirometrik parametrede anlamlı düşüşlere yol açtığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Solunum
• Sigara
• Kadın
• Bağımlılık

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