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Barışın Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Avrupa Birliği Üye Devletleri Örneği

Year 2022, Issue: 14, 91 - 108, 30.06.2022

Adviye Damla Ünlü

https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.103

Abstract

Bu çalışma ülkelerin barışçıllık seviyelerinin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği üzerindeki etkisini panel veri analiziyle incelemektedir. Çalışmanın bağımlı değişkeni Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Endeksi (GII), bağımsız değişkeni Küresel Barış Endeksidir (GPI) Çalışmanın örneklemini, 2010-2019 dönemi için 25 Avrupa Birliği Üye Devletinden oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma ülkelerin yükselen barış seviyelerinin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin azalması yönünde bir etkisi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuç barışın toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinde belirleyici bir değişken olduğunu ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin ülkelerin barışçıllık seviyeleri üzerindeki olumlu etkisini ortaya koyan literatürü tamamlar niteliktedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışma barış ve toplumsal cinsiyet arasındaki dönüştürücü ilişkiye işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

Avrupa Birliği Küresel Barış Endeksi Toplumsal cinsiyet Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Endeksi

References

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  • Cockburn, Cynthia. From Where We Stand: War, Women’s Activism and Feminist Analysis. London: Zed Books, 2007.
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Impact of Peace on Gender Equality: The Case of European Union Member States

Year 2022, Issue: 14, 91 - 108, 30.06.2022

Adviye Damla Ünlü

https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.103

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of peacefulness on gender equality by employing panel data analysis. The study uses the Gender Inequality Index (GII) as a dependent variable and Global Peace Index (GPI) as an independent variable. The sample of the study covers 25 European Union Member States for the period of 2010-2019. The study found that increasing levels of peace have an impact on decreasing levels of gender inequality. The result suggests that peace is a determining variable in gender equality and complements the literature that reveals the positive impact of gender equality on peace levels of countries. This result points out the transformative relationship between peace and gender equality.

Keywords

European Union Gender equality Global Peace Index Gender Inequality Index

References

  • Ackerly, Brooke A. and Jacqui True. Doing Feminist Research in Political and Social Science. London: Red Globe Press, 2019.
  • Caprioli, Mary and Mark A. Boyer. “Gender, Violence, and International Crisis”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 45(4), (2001): 503-518, Accessed May 10, 2021, doi:10.1177/0022002701045004005.
  • Caprioli, Mary and Peter F. Trumbore. “Ethnic Discrimination and Interstate Violence: Testing the International Impact of Domestic Behavior”, Journal of Peace Research, 40(1), (2003): 5-23, Accessed May 10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022343303040001842.
  • Caprioli, Mary. “Gendered Conflict”, Journal of Peace Research, 37 (1), (2000): 53–68, Accessed May 10, 2021, doi: 10.1177/0022343300037001003.
  • Caprioli, Mary. “Primed For Violence: The Role of Gender Inequality in Predicting Internal Conflict”, International Studies Quarterly, 49(2), (2005): 161-178, Accessed May 10, 2021, doi: 10.1111/j.0020-8833.2005.00340.
  • Chinkin, Christine “Adoption of 1325 Resolution”, In The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security, ed. Sara. E. Davies and Jacqui True, 26-38. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • Cockburn, Cynthia. From Where We Stand: War, Women’s Activism and Feminist Analysis. London: Zed Books, 2007.
  • Confortini, Catia Cecilia. “Feminist Contributions and Challenges to Peace Studies”, (2010): 1, Accessed May 10, 2021, https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-47?print=pdf.
  • Doğan, Nezahat. “Determinants of Global Peace and Gender Equality as an Invisible Hand: A Cross Country Analysis”, Kadın/Woman 2000, 20(2), (2019): 13-28, Accessed May 10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v20i2.80.
  • Driscoll, John C. and Aart C. Kraay. “Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation with Spatially Dependent Panel Data”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), (1998): 549-560.
  • Elshtain, Jean B. Women and War. New York: Basic Books, 1987.
  • Enloe, Cynthia H. Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
  • Galtung, Johan. “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research”, Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), (1969): 167-191.
  • Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security (GIWPS) and Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). Women, Peace and Security Index 2019/20: Tracking Sustainable Peace Through Inclusion, Justice, and Security for Women. (Washington, DC, 2019).
  • Goetz, Anne Marie and Rob Jenkins. “Gender, Security, and Governance: The Case of Sustainable Development Goal 16”, Gender & Development, 24(1), (2016): 127-137, Accessed May 10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2016.1144412.
  • Gray, Mark M., Miki Caul Kittilson and Wayne Sandholtz. “Women and Globalization: A Study of 180 Countries, 1975–2000”, International Organization, 60(2), (2006): 293-333, Accessed May 10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818306060176.
  • Harding, Sandra. “Introduction: Is There a Feminist Method?”. In Feminism and Methodology, ed. Sandra Harding, 1-14. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1987.
  • Hausman, Jerry A. (1978). “Specification Tests in Econometrics”, Econometrica, 46(6), (1978): 1251–1271.
  • Hope, Sr. Kempe Ronald. “Peace, Justice and Inclusive Institutions: Overcoming Challenges to the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 16”, Global Change, Peace & Security, 32(1), (2020): 57-77, Accessed May 10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2019.1667320.
  • Hudson, Valerie M., Bonnie Ballif-Spanvill, Mary Caprioli, and Chad F. Emmett, Sex & World Peace. West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 2012.
  • Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP). Global Peace Index 2020: Measuring Peace in a Complex World, 2020, Accessed May 30, 2021, https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GPI_2020_web.pdf.
  • Koch, Michael T. and Sarah A. Fulton. “In the Defense of Women: Gender, Office Holding, and National Security Policy in Established Democracies”, The Journal of Politics, 73(1), (2011): 1-16, Accessed May 10, 2021, doi: 10.1017/S0022381610000824.
  • Melander, Erik. “Gender Equality and Intrastate Armed Conflict”, International Studies Quarterly, 49(4), (2005): 695-714, Accessed May 10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2005.00384.x.
  • Ní Aoláin, Fionnuala and Nahla Valji. “Scholarly Debates and Contested Meanings of WPS”. In The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security, ed. Sara. E. Davies and Jacqui True, 53-97. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • Pesaran, Hashem M. “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross-Section Dependence in Panels”, IZA Discussion Paper, (2004).
  • Peterson, V. Spike. Gendered States: Feminist (Re)Visions of International Relations Theory. Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1992.
  • Regan, Patrick M. and Aida Paskeviciute. “Women's Access to Politics and Peaceful States”, Journal of Peace Research, 40(3), (2003): 287-302, Accessed May 10, 2021, doi:10.1177/0022343303040003003.
  • Richards, David L. and Ronald Gelleny. “Women's Status and Economic Globalization”, International Studies Quarterly, 51(4), (2007): 855-876, Accessed May 10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00480.x.
  • Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu and Vladimir Strezov. “Effect of Foreign Direct Investments, Economic Development and Energy Consumption on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Developing Countries”, Science of the Total Environment, 646(1), (2019): 862-871, Accessed May 30, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.365.
  • Stauffer, Katelyn E. and Diana Z. O’Brien. Quantitative Methods and Feminist Political Science, 2018. Accessed May 10, 2021, https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-210.
  • Sylvester, Christine. Feminist International Relations: An Unfinished Journey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Sylvester, Christine. Feminist Theory and International Relations in a Postmodern Era. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • Tickner, J. Ann. “Feminism Meets International Relations: Some Methodological Issues”. In Feminist Methodologies for International Relations, ed. Brooke A. Ackerly, Maria Stern and Jacqui True, 19-42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  • Tickner, J. Ann. “Hans Morgenthau’s Principles of Political Realism: A Feminist Reformulation”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 17(3), (1988): 429–440, Accessed May 10, 2021, doi:10.1177/03058298880170030801.
  • Tickner, J. Ann. “Peace and Security from a Feminist Perspective”, In The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace and Security, ed. Sara. E. Davies and Jacqui True, 15-26. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • Tickner, J. Ann. Gender in International Relations: Feminist Perspectives on Achieving Global Security. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.
  • Toksöz, Gülay. “Sayıların Kadın Mücadelesindeki Yeri”, In Türkiye’de Feminist Yöntem, ed. Emine Erdoğan Nehir Gündoğdu, 123-147. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları. 2020.
  • United Nations (UN). Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4-15 September 1995. Accessed May 10, 2021, https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/pdf/Beijing%20full%20report%20E.pdf.
  • United Nations (UN). Report of the World Conference of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace, Copenhagen, 14 to 30 July 1980. Accessed May 10, 2021, https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/otherconferences/Copenhagen/Copenhagen%20Full%20Optimized.pdf.
  • United Nations (UN). Report of the World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace, Nairobi, 15-26 July 1985. Accessed May 10, 2021, https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/otherconferences/Nairobi/Nairobi%20Full%20Optimized.pdf.
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 2020a, Accessed May 30, 2021, http://hdr.undp.org/en/faq-page/gender-inequality-index-gii#t294n2918.
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 2020b, Accessed May 30, 2021, http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/gender-inequality-index-gii
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Sustainable Development Goals, 2015, Accessed June 02, 2021, https://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-5-gender-equality.html.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). Global Gender Gap Report, 2020, Accessed June 02, 2021, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2020.pdf.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, Ferda. Panel Veri Ekonometrisi. Istanbul: Beta, 2020.
  • Zinsser, Judith P. “From Mexico to Copenhagen to Nairobi: The United Nations Decade for Women, 1975- 1985”, Journal of World History, 13(1), (2002): 139-168.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Adviye Damla Ünlü 0000-0002-5902-4096

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date August 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 14

Cite

APA Ünlü, A. D. (2022). Impact of Peace on Gender Equality: The Case of European Union Member States. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(14), 91-108. https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.103
AMA Ünlü AD. Impact of Peace on Gender Equality: The Case of European Union Member States. JOSOC. June 2022;(14):91-108. doi:10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.103
Chicago Ünlü, Adviye Damla. “Impact of Peace on Gender Equality: The Case of European Union Member States”. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 14 (June 2022): 91-108. https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.103.
EndNote Ünlü AD (June 1, 2022) Impact of Peace on Gender Equality: The Case of European Union Member States. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 14 91–108.
IEEE A. D. Ünlü, “Impact of Peace on Gender Equality: The Case of European Union Member States”, JOSOC, no. 14, pp. 91–108, June 2022, doi: 10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.103.
ISNAD Ünlü, Adviye Damla. “Impact of Peace on Gender Equality: The Case of European Union Member States”. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 14 (June 2022), 91-108. https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.103.
JAMA Ünlü AD. Impact of Peace on Gender Equality: The Case of European Union Member States. JOSOC. 2022;:91–108.
MLA Ünlü, Adviye Damla. “Impact of Peace on Gender Equality: The Case of European Union Member States”. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 14, 2022, pp. 91-108, doi:10.32739/uskudarsbd.8.14.103.
Vancouver Ünlü AD. Impact of Peace on Gender Equality: The Case of European Union Member States. JOSOC. 2022(14):91-108.
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