Abstract
This paper presents an interactive X-ray Tube Simulator designed for students in biomedical engineering and biomedical device technology. Developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and integrating the Chart.js library for dynamic graphical representations, this simulator offers dynamic visualizations and real-time graphical analysis to understand X-ray tube operation comprehensively. The simulator allows users to select tube voltage (kV), filament current (mA), exposure time (ms), anode angle (°), anode rotation speed (RPM), anode material (Tungsten, Molybdenum, Rhodium), cathode thickness (mm), filter thickness (mm), filter material (Aluminum, Copper, Molybdenum), collimator aperture (mm), chamber distance (cm), glass type (Lead, Borosilicate) and cooling type (Oil, Water), Air) and instantly observe their effects on X-ray spectra, radiation dose, heat accumulation and energy efficiency. This tool aims to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, promoting a deeper understanding of X-ray physics and safety considerations in a safe and cost-effective environment.
Keywords
References
- S.F. Keevil, Physics and medicine: a historical perspective, Lancet 379 (9825) (2012) 1517–1524.
- F. Nüsslin, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen: The scientist and his discovery, Phys. Medica 79 (2020) 65–68.
- Y.M. Al-Worafi, Radiology and Medical Imaging Research in Developing Countries, in: Handbook of Medical and Health Sciences in Developing Countries: Education, Practice, and Research, Springer Int. Publ., Cham, 2024, pp. 1–29.
- J.G.J. Lftta, A.N.A.A. Zahra, A.H.J. Ashour, A.H.K. Nasser, A.N. Shanawa, X-Rays and Their Uses on The Human Body, Curr. Clin. Med. Educ. 2 (8) (2024) 91–115.
- M.S. Linet, et al., Cancer risks associated with external radiation from diagnostic imaging procedures, CA Cancer J. Clin. 62 (2) (2012) 75–100.
- M. Kurudirek, Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of some human tissues and dosimetric materials for mean energies of various radiation sources relevant to radiotherapy and medical applications, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 102 (2014) 139–146.
- S. Prabhu, D.K. Naveen, S. Bangera, B.S. Bhat, Production of x-rays using x-ray tube, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1712 (1) (2020) 012036.
- M.J. Yaffe, J.A. Rowlands, X-ray detectors for digital radiography, Phys. Med. Biol. 42 (1) (1997).
- C. Cao, et al., Emerging X-ray imaging technologies for energy materials, Mater. Today 34 (2020) 132–147.
- A.H. Zamzam, et al., A systematic review of medical equipment reliability assessment in improving the quality of healthcare services, Front. Public Health 9 (2021) 753951.
- A. Haleem, M. Javaid, R.P. Singh, R. Suman, Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features, capabilities, and applications, Internet Things Cyber-Phys. Syst. 2 (2022) 12–30.
- F. Albert, Principles and applications of x-ray light sources driven by laser wakefield acceleration, Phys. Plasmas 30 (5) (2023) 050902.
- M. Berger, Q. Yang, A. Maier, X-ray Imaging, in: Medical Imaging Systems: An Introductory Guide, 2018, pp. 119–145.
- H. Jung, Basic physical principles and clinical applications of computed tomography, Prog. Med. Phys. 32 (1) (2021) 1–17.
- M.K.M. Alharbi, A. Zhou, M. Naunton, R. Davidson, C. Makanjee, Innovations in X-ray tube design and instrumentation for conventional radiological applications: a scoping review, Imaging Sci. J. (2025) 1–16.
- J.A. Seibert, X-ray imaging physics for nuclear medicine technologists. Part 1: Basic principles of x-ray production, J. Nucl. Med. Technol. 32 (3) (2004) 139–147.
- T. Bashore, Fundamentals of x‐ray imaging and radiation safety, Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 54 (1) (2001) 126–135.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Element Information, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element (accessed 26.05.25).
Abstract
Bu çalışma, biyomedikal mühendisliği ve biyomedikal cihaz teknolojisi öğrencileri için tasarlanmış etkileşimli bir X-Işını Tüpü Simülatörü sunmaktadır. HTML, CSS ve JavaScript kullanılarak geliştirilen ve dinamik grafiksel gösterimler için Chart.js kütüphanesini entegre eden bu simülatör, X-ışını tüpü operasyonunun kapsamlı bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağlamak amacıyla dinamik görselleştirmeler ve gerçek zamanlı grafik analizleri sunar. Simülatör, kullanıcıların tüp voltajı (kV), flaman akımı (mA), maruz kalma süresi (ms), anot açısı (°), anot dönüş hızı (RPM), anot materyali (Tungsten, Molibden, Rodyum), katot kalınlığı (mm), filtre kalınlığı (mm), filtre materyali (Alüminyum, Bakır, Molibden), kolimatör açıklığı (mm), oda mesafesi (cm), cam türü (Kurşun, Borosilikat) ve soğutma türü (Yağ, Su, Hava) gibi tüm temel parametreleri manipüle etmelerine ve bunların X-ışını spektrumları, radyasyon dozu, ısı birikimi ve enerji verimliliği üzerindeki etkilerini anında gözlemlemelerine olanak tanır. Bu araç teorik bilgi ile pratik uygulama arasındaki boşluğu doldurmayı, güvenli ve uygun maliyetli bir ortamda X-ışını fiziği ve güvenlik hususlarının daha derinlemesine anlaşılmasını teşvik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Keywords
References
- S.F. Keevil, Physics and medicine: a historical perspective, Lancet 379 (9825) (2012) 1517–1524.
- F. Nüsslin, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen: The scientist and his discovery, Phys. Medica 79 (2020) 65–68.
- Y.M. Al-Worafi, Radiology and Medical Imaging Research in Developing Countries, in: Handbook of Medical and Health Sciences in Developing Countries: Education, Practice, and Research, Springer Int. Publ., Cham, 2024, pp. 1–29.
- J.G.J. Lftta, A.N.A.A. Zahra, A.H.J. Ashour, A.H.K. Nasser, A.N. Shanawa, X-Rays and Their Uses on The Human Body, Curr. Clin. Med. Educ. 2 (8) (2024) 91–115.
- M.S. Linet, et al., Cancer risks associated with external radiation from diagnostic imaging procedures, CA Cancer J. Clin. 62 (2) (2012) 75–100.
- M. Kurudirek, Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of some human tissues and dosimetric materials for mean energies of various radiation sources relevant to radiotherapy and medical applications, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 102 (2014) 139–146.
- S. Prabhu, D.K. Naveen, S. Bangera, B.S. Bhat, Production of x-rays using x-ray tube, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1712 (1) (2020) 012036.
- M.J. Yaffe, J.A. Rowlands, X-ray detectors for digital radiography, Phys. Med. Biol. 42 (1) (1997).
- C. Cao, et al., Emerging X-ray imaging technologies for energy materials, Mater. Today 34 (2020) 132–147.
- A.H. Zamzam, et al., A systematic review of medical equipment reliability assessment in improving the quality of healthcare services, Front. Public Health 9 (2021) 753951.
- A. Haleem, M. Javaid, R.P. Singh, R. Suman, Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features, capabilities, and applications, Internet Things Cyber-Phys. Syst. 2 (2022) 12–30.
- F. Albert, Principles and applications of x-ray light sources driven by laser wakefield acceleration, Phys. Plasmas 30 (5) (2023) 050902.
- M. Berger, Q. Yang, A. Maier, X-ray Imaging, in: Medical Imaging Systems: An Introductory Guide, 2018, pp. 119–145.
- H. Jung, Basic physical principles and clinical applications of computed tomography, Prog. Med. Phys. 32 (1) (2021) 1–17.
- M.K.M. Alharbi, A. Zhou, M. Naunton, R. Davidson, C. Makanjee, Innovations in X-ray tube design and instrumentation for conventional radiological applications: a scoping review, Imaging Sci. J. (2025) 1–16.
- J.A. Seibert, X-ray imaging physics for nuclear medicine technologists. Part 1: Basic principles of x-ray production, J. Nucl. Med. Technol. 32 (3) (2004) 139–147.
- T. Bashore, Fundamentals of x‐ray imaging and radiation safety, Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 54 (1) (2001) 126–135.
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Element Information, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element (accessed 26.05.25).
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Reinforcement Learning |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | May 27, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | June 20, 2025 |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 |