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Covıd-19 Pandemisinin Avrupa Birliği Çevre Politikalarına Yansımaları

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 74 - 90, 16.07.2022

Abstract

Bu çalışmada uluslararası çevre politikasının önemli aktörlerinden biri olan Avrupa Birliği (AB) odak noktası olarak seçilmiştir. Covid-19 pandemisinden AB çevre politikalarının ne yönde etkilendiğinin ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır. Cevaplanmak istenen temel soru, Covid-19’la mücadeleye ve pandeminin ekonomik etkilerine odaklanmanın AB çevre politikalarının ertelenmesine ya da göz ardı edilmesine yol açıp yol açmadığıdır. AB’nin bu süreçte uzun vadeli taahhütlerine sadık kalıp kalmadığı ise cevaplanmak istenen bir diğer sorudur. Bu amaçla öncelikle pandeminin ilk aylarından itibaren AB nezdinde alınan önlemlerin ve kabul edilen üst politika belgelerinin çevre politikasıyla bağlantısı ele alınmıştır. Pandeminin yarattığı ekonomik tahribatın giderilmesine ilişkin alınan önlemlerde ve mali destek paketlerinde iklim hedefleriyle uyumlu yeşil iyileşmenin AB’de bir politika tercihi olarak kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca pandemi döneminde çevre politikasına ilişkin atılan adımlar ve yapılan yasal düzenlemeler AB’nin uzun vadeli taahhütleri konusunda kararlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Avrupa Komisyonu’nun 2019-2024 dönemi için belirlediği 6 öncelik arasında yer alan Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı kapsamındaki çalışmalar devam etmektedir.

References

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  • Climate Home News (2020). European Green Deal must be central to a resilient recovery after Covid-19, https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/04/09/european-green-deal-must-central-resilient-recovery-covid-19/, (Erişim tarihi: 30.04.2022).
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  • European Commission (2021b). European Green Deal: Commission adopts new proposals to stop deforestation, innovate sustainable waste management and make soils healthy for people, nature and climate, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_5916, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022a). A European Green Deal, https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en, (Erişim tarihi:02.05.2022). European Commission (2022b). About InvestEU, https://investeu.europa.eu/about-investeu_en, (Erişim tarihi:12.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022c). Circular economy action plan, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/strategy/circular-economy-action-plan_en, (Erişim tarihi: 10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022ç). European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations, https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/what/civil-protection/resceu_en, (Erişim tarihi:12.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022d). Green Deal: Modernising EU industrial emissions rules to steer large industry in long-term green transition, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2238, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission, (2022e). Green Deal: New proposals to make sustainable products the norm and boost Europe's resource independence, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2013, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022f). Just Transition Fund, https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/find-funding/eu-funding-programmes/just-transition-fund_en, (Erişim tarihi:12.05.2022). European Commission (2022g). REACT-EU Fostering crisis repairand resilience, https://cohesiondata.ec.europa.eu/stories/s/REACT-EU-Fostering-crisis-repair-and-resilience/26d9-dqzy/, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022). European Commission (2022h). Recovery and Resilience Facility Annual Report, https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/com_2022_75_1_en.pdf, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022ı). Recovery Plan for Europe, https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/recovery-plan-europe_en, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022i), The Recovery and Resilience Facility, https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/recovery-coronavirus/recovery-and-resilience-facility_en, (Erişim tarihi:01.06.2022).
  • European Commission (2022j). The Recovery and Resilience Scoreboard: Country Overview, https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/recovery-and-resilience-scoreboard/country_overview.html?lang=en, (Erişim tarihi:.01.06.2022).
  • European Commission (2022k). The Recovery and Resilience Scoreboard: Disbursements, https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/recovery-and-resilience-scoreboard/disbursements.html?lang=en, (Erişim tarihi:20.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022l), The Recovery and Resilience Scoreboard: Timeline, https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/recovery-and-resilience-scoreboard/timeline.html?lang=en, (Erişim tarihi:01.06.2022).
  • European Commission (2022m). The State Aid Temporary Framework, https://ec.europa.eu/competition-policy/state-aid/coronavirus/temporary-framework_en, (Erişim tarihi:02.05.2022).
  • European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (2021). Horizon Europe, budget : Horizon Europe - the most ambitious EU research & innovation programme ever, Publications Office, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/202859
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  • Fadare, O.O ve Okoffo E.D. (2020). Covid-19 face masks: A potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment. Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 737, 140279, 1-4.
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  • Official Journal of the European Union (2021b). Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’), L243, Vol.64, 9 Temmuz, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2021.243.01.0001.01.ENG&toc=OJ%3AL%3A2021%3A243%3ATOC, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • Parashar, N. ve Hait,S. (2021). Plastics in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: Protector or polluter?, Science of The Total Environment,Vol.759, 144274, 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144274.
  • Prata J.C., Silva A.L.P., Walker T.R., Duarte A.C ve Rocha-Santos T. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic Repercussions on the Use and Management of Plastics. Environmental Science and Technology. 54(13):7760-7765. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02178.
  • Sicard , P., De Marco, A., Agathokleous, E., Feng,Z., Xu, X., Paoletti, E., Diéguez Rodriguez, J.J. ve Calatayud, V. (2020). Amplified ozone pollution in cities during the COVID-19 lockdown, Science Of The Total Environment. Vol.735 139542, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139542
  • Sikarwar, A. ve Rani, R. (2021). Assessing the Immediate Effect of Covid-19 Lockdown on Air Quality: A Case Study of Delhi, India. Journal of Environmental Geography. 13. 27-33. Doi:10.2478/jengeo-2020-0009.
  • Silva, A.L.P., Prata, J.C., Walker, T.R., Duarte, A.C., Ouyang, W., Barcelò, D. ve Rocha-Santos, T. (2021). Increased plastic pollution due to COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and recommendations, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol 405, 126683, 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126683.
  • Simon, F. (2020, 19 Mart). Green Deal facing delays due to coronavirus, EU admits, https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/news/green-deal-facing-delays-due-to-coronavirus-eu-admits/, (Erişim tarihi: 30.04.2022).
  • Uygun, A. G. (2021). Avrupa Birliği Dayanışması: Kriz Dönemlerinde Normatif ve Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme, Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi, 4(2), 68-85, DOI: 10.51763/uid.1008353.
  • Zambrano-Monserrate ve Ruano, M.A. (2020). Has air quality improved in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic? A parametric analysis. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 13:929–938, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00866-y.
  • Zangari, S., T. Hill, D., T. Charette, A. ve Mirowsky, J.E. (2020). Air quality changes in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 742, 140496, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140496.
Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 74 - 90, 16.07.2022

Abstract

References

  • Aras, M. (2020). Post-Covid-19 Sürecinde AB’nin “Çevre Döngüsü”, EURO Politika, Covid-19 Sonrası Avrupa Birliği'nin Geleceği, C:4-S:2, 227-236.
  • BBC (2021, 21 Nisan). Climate change: EU to cut CO2 emissions by 55% by 2030, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56828383, (Erişim tarihi:30.04.2022).
  • Climate Home News (2020). European Green Deal must be central to a resilient recovery after Covid-19, https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/04/09/european-green-deal-must-central-resilient-recovery-covid-19/, (Erişim tarihi: 30.04.2022).
  • Council of the European Union (2020). Recovery and Resilience Facility: Council presidency and Parliament reach provisional agreement, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2020/12/18/recovery-and-resilience-facility-council-presidency-and-parliament-reach-provisional-agreement/, (Erişim tarihi:02.05.2022).
  • Council of the European Union (2021). Council adopts European climate law, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/06/28/council-adopts-european-climate-law/, (Erişim tarihi:02.05.2022).
  • Dang, H. H. ve Trinh, T. (2020). Does the Covid-19 Pandemic Improve Global Air Quality? New Cross-National Evidence on its Unintended Consequences. IZA Discussion Paper No. 13480, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3654917, (Erişim tarihi:20.04.2022).
  • Erbach, Gregor (2020). Impact of the coronavirus crisis on climate action and the European Green Deal, European Parliamentary Research Service, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/649370/EPRS_BRI(2020)649370_EN.pdf, (Erişim tarihi:02.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2020a). A Farm to Fork Strategy, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0381, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2020b) A Renovation Wave for Europe-greening our buildings, creating jobs, improving lives https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/eu_renovation_wave_strategy.pdf, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2020c). A Roadmap For Recovery Towards a more resilient, sustainable and fair Europe, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/43384/roadmap-for-recovery-final-21-04-2020.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 02.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2020d). Boosting Offshore Renewable Energy for a Climate Neutral Europe, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_2096, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2020e). Daily News 31 / 03 / 2020, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_20_566, (Erişim tarihi: 02.05.2022).
  • European Commission. (2020f). EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1590574123338&uri=CELEX:52020DC0380, (Erişim tarihi: 02.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2020g). Europe's moment: Repair and Prepare for the Next Generation, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1590732521013&uri=COM:2020:456:FIN, (Erişim tarihi:02.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2020h). Joint European Roadmap towards lifting COVID-19 containment measures, https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/communication_-_a_european_roadmap_to_lifting_coronavirus_containment_measures_0.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 02.05.2022).
  • European Commission. (2020ı). State of the Union: Commission raises climate ambition and proposes 55% cut in emissions by 2030, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_1599, (Erişim tarihi: 02.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2020i). Temporary Framework for State aid measures to support the economy in the current, https://ec.europa.eu/competition/state_aid/what_is_new/sa_covid19_temporary-framework.pdf, (Erişim tarihi:02.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2021a). European Green Deal: Commission adopts new limits for some of the most harmful chemicals in waste, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_5552, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2021b). European Green Deal: Commission adopts new proposals to stop deforestation, innovate sustainable waste management and make soils healthy for people, nature and climate, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_5916, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022a). A European Green Deal, https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en, (Erişim tarihi:02.05.2022). European Commission (2022b). About InvestEU, https://investeu.europa.eu/about-investeu_en, (Erişim tarihi:12.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022c). Circular economy action plan, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/strategy/circular-economy-action-plan_en, (Erişim tarihi: 10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022ç). European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations, https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/what/civil-protection/resceu_en, (Erişim tarihi:12.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022d). Green Deal: Modernising EU industrial emissions rules to steer large industry in long-term green transition, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2238, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission, (2022e). Green Deal: New proposals to make sustainable products the norm and boost Europe's resource independence, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2013, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022f). Just Transition Fund, https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/find-funding/eu-funding-programmes/just-transition-fund_en, (Erişim tarihi:12.05.2022). European Commission (2022g). REACT-EU Fostering crisis repairand resilience, https://cohesiondata.ec.europa.eu/stories/s/REACT-EU-Fostering-crisis-repair-and-resilience/26d9-dqzy/, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022). European Commission (2022h). Recovery and Resilience Facility Annual Report, https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/com_2022_75_1_en.pdf, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022ı). Recovery Plan for Europe, https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/recovery-plan-europe_en, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022i), The Recovery and Resilience Facility, https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/recovery-coronavirus/recovery-and-resilience-facility_en, (Erişim tarihi:01.06.2022).
  • European Commission (2022j). The Recovery and Resilience Scoreboard: Country Overview, https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/recovery-and-resilience-scoreboard/country_overview.html?lang=en, (Erişim tarihi:.01.06.2022).
  • European Commission (2022k). The Recovery and Resilience Scoreboard: Disbursements, https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/recovery-and-resilience-scoreboard/disbursements.html?lang=en, (Erişim tarihi:20.05.2022).
  • European Commission (2022l), The Recovery and Resilience Scoreboard: Timeline, https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/recovery-and-resilience-scoreboard/timeline.html?lang=en, (Erişim tarihi:01.06.2022).
  • European Commission (2022m). The State Aid Temporary Framework, https://ec.europa.eu/competition-policy/state-aid/coronavirus/temporary-framework_en, (Erişim tarihi:02.05.2022).
  • European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (2021). Horizon Europe, budget : Horizon Europe - the most ambitious EU research & innovation programme ever, Publications Office, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/202859
  • European Council (2020). Joint statement of the Members of the European Council, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/43076/26-vc-euco-statement-en.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 02.05.2022).
  • Fadare, O.O ve Okoffo E.D. (2020). Covid-19 face masks: A potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment. Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 737, 140279, 1-4.
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2021a). Regulation (EU) 2021/241 of The European Parliament and of The Council of 12 February 2021establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility, L57, 18 Şubat, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021R0241, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • Official Journal of the European Union (2021b). Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’), L243, Vol.64, 9 Temmuz, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2021.243.01.0001.01.ENG&toc=OJ%3AL%3A2021%3A243%3ATOC, (Erişim tarihi:10.05.2022).
  • Parashar, N. ve Hait,S. (2021). Plastics in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: Protector or polluter?, Science of The Total Environment,Vol.759, 144274, 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144274.
  • Prata J.C., Silva A.L.P., Walker T.R., Duarte A.C ve Rocha-Santos T. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic Repercussions on the Use and Management of Plastics. Environmental Science and Technology. 54(13):7760-7765. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02178.
  • Sicard , P., De Marco, A., Agathokleous, E., Feng,Z., Xu, X., Paoletti, E., Diéguez Rodriguez, J.J. ve Calatayud, V. (2020). Amplified ozone pollution in cities during the COVID-19 lockdown, Science Of The Total Environment. Vol.735 139542, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139542
  • Sikarwar, A. ve Rani, R. (2021). Assessing the Immediate Effect of Covid-19 Lockdown on Air Quality: A Case Study of Delhi, India. Journal of Environmental Geography. 13. 27-33. Doi:10.2478/jengeo-2020-0009.
  • Silva, A.L.P., Prata, J.C., Walker, T.R., Duarte, A.C., Ouyang, W., Barcelò, D. ve Rocha-Santos, T. (2021). Increased plastic pollution due to COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and recommendations, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol 405, 126683, 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126683.
  • Simon, F. (2020, 19 Mart). Green Deal facing delays due to coronavirus, EU admits, https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/news/green-deal-facing-delays-due-to-coronavirus-eu-admits/, (Erişim tarihi: 30.04.2022).
  • Uygun, A. G. (2021). Avrupa Birliği Dayanışması: Kriz Dönemlerinde Normatif ve Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme, Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi, 4(2), 68-85, DOI: 10.51763/uid.1008353.
  • Zambrano-Monserrate ve Ruano, M.A. (2020). Has air quality improved in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic? A parametric analysis. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 13:929–938, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00866-y.
  • Zangari, S., T. Hill, D., T. Charette, A. ve Mirowsky, J.E. (2020). Air quality changes in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 742, 140496, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140496.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hilal Görkem 0000-0002-9884-1179

Publication Date July 16, 2022
Submission Date June 8, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Görkem, H. (2022). Covıd-19 Pandemisinin Avrupa Birliği Çevre Politikalarına Yansımaları. Uluslararası Sosyal Siyasal Ve Mali Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(1), 74-90.