Ana Akım Klasik Masal İllüstrasyonunda Bir Stereotip Yaratım Sorunu Olarak Disneyleştirme

Abstract

Zamansız ütopik içerikleri ve değerli ahlaki iletileriyle geçmişten günümüze önemli bir yere sahip olan klasik masalların görsel anlatımlarında Avrupa-merkezli (Eurocentric) veya Avro-Amerikan (Euro-American) olarak da bilinen Batı idealine dayalı estetize yaklaşımlara sıkça rastlanmaktadır. Söz konusu yaklaşımların Walt Disney’in 20.yy.dan itibaren yükselen klasik masal animasyon uyarlamalarıyla birlikte güçlendiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu uyarlamalardan elde edilen başarılar ve bunların kitlelerarası popüler kültür tüketiminde gittikçe yayılan etkisi, zaman içerisinde, çocuk ve gençler için hazırlanan masal kitaplarındaki illüstrasyonların özgünlüğünü etkileyecek boyuta ulaşmıştır. Kültür endüstrisinde oldukça geniş bir yere sahip olan Disney’in bu ve benzeri etkileri alan yazınında Disneyization ve Disneyfication kavramlarına dayanmaktadır. Nitel bir çalışma olan bu araştırma kapsamında bahsi geçen kavramlar ve stereotip olgusu akademisyenlerin, edebiyat eleştirmenlerinin ve masal arştırmaları uzmanlarının görüşleriyle birlikte açıklanmaktadır. Aktarılan bilgiler ışığında eski ve daha güncel görsel veriler üzerinden karşılaştırmalı analiz yapılmış, bulgularla birlikte Disneyfication’un klasik ana akım dünya masalı illüstrasyonu alanında etkisini sürdüren stereotip yaratım sorunlarından biri olduğu ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada klasik masal illüstrasyonunda stereotip yaratım sorunlarının ana dayanak noktaları konusunda mesleki farkındalık kazanılması ve alanda yapılabilecek ileri çalışmalar için faydalı bir literatür sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Masal İllüstrasyonu
• Stereotip
• Disneyfication
• Disneyization
• Popüler Kültür

Disneyfication as a Stereotype Creation Problem in Mainstream Classical Fairy Tale Illustration

Abstract

It is frequently encountered in the visual narratives of classical fairy tales, which have had an important place from past to present with their timeless utopian content and valuable moral messages, aestheticized approaches based on the Western ideal, also known as Eurocentric or Euro-American. It is understood that these approaches have been strengthened with Walt Disney's animated adaptations of classical fairy tales since the 20th century. The successes obtained from these adaptations and their increasingly widespread influence on mass popular culture consumption have reached a level that will affect the originality of the illustrations in fairy tale books prepared for children and young people. Disney, which has a very large place in the culture industry, has these and similar effects based on the concepts of Disneyization and Disneyfication in the literature. In this qualitative study, the aforementioned concepts and the phenomenon of stereotypes are explained with the opinions of academics, literary critics and fairy tale research experts. In the light of the information provided, a comparative analysis was made on old and more current visual data, and with the findings, it was tried to be revealed that Disneyfication is one of the stereotype creation problems that continue to have an effect in the field of classical mainstream world fairy tale illustration. The aim of the research was to gain professional awareness on the main points of stereotype creation problems in classical fairy tale illustration and to provide useful literature for further studies in the field.

Keywords

• Fairy Tale Illustration
• Stereotype
• Disneyfication
• Disneyization
• Popular Culture

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