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The Relationship Between Parasocial Theory and Brand Placement

Year 2019, , 116 - 128, 07.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.66

Abstract

This paper reviews parasocial theory including parasocial interaction, parasocial relationship, parasocial break up, the death of a character or a celebrity, parasocial attachment and the correlation between brand placement and parasocial theory. This paper contains secondary sources, which is literature review. While brand placement has been a controversial issue since there are no exact rules to follow to make a successful brand placement and also it remains unclear whether brand placement is effective or not, the popularity of it has been growing rapidly. In spite of this, there are not many studies regarding the correlation between brand placement and parasocial theory. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to bring clarity to each subject matter and the correlation between them.

References

  • Akıncı, S. and Çakır, V. (2017). “Televizyon Dizilerinde Ürün Yerleştirme ve Sponsorluğun Sonuçları”. Inif e-dergi. 2(2). 210-228.
  • Avramova, Y. R., De Pelsmacker, P., Dens, N. (2017). “Brand Placement in Text: The Short and Long-Term Effects of Placement Modality and Need for Cognition”. International Journal of Advertising. 36(5). 682-704. doi:10.1080/02650487.2017.1335041.
  • Ballantine, P. W. and Martin, B. A. S. (2005). “Forming Parasocial Relationships in Online Communities”. Advances in Consumer Research. 32. 197.
  • Batıgün, A. D. and Sunal, A. B. (2017). “Tv Dizilerinde Yer Alan Karakterlerle Kurulan Parasosyal Etkileşim: Evlilik Doyumu, Psikolojik Belirtiler ve Bazı Sosyal- Demografik Değişkenler Açısından Değerlendirme”. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi.32(79). 52-62. http://www.turkpsikolojidergisi.com.
  • Bernhold, Q. S. and Metzger, M. (2018). “Older Adults’ Parasocial Relationships with Favorite Television Characters and Depressive Symptoms”. Health Communication. 1-12. doi:10.1080/10410236.2018.1548336.
  • Brown, W. J. (2015). “Examining Four Processes of Audience Involvement with Media Personae: Transportation, Parasocial Interaction, Identification, and Worship”. Communication Theory. 25(3). 259-283. doi:10.1111/comt.12053.
  • Brown, W. J. and Bocarnea, M. (2007). “Celebrity-Persona Parasocial Interaction Scale”. R. A. Reynolds, R. Woods, J. D. Baker (eds.) Handbook of Research on Electronic Surveys and Measurements. (309-312). London: Idea Group Reference.
  • Cohen, E. L. and Hoffner, C. (2016). “Finding Meaning in a Celebrity’s Death: The Relationship Between Parasocial Attachment, Grief, and Sharing Educational Health Information Related to Robin Williams on Social Network Sites”. Computers in Human Behaviour. 65. 643-650. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.042.
  • Cohen, J. (2003). “Parasocial Breakups: Measuring Individual Differences in Responses to the Dissolution of Parasocial Relationships”. Mass Communication and Society. 6(2). 191-202. doi:10.1207/S15327825MCS0602_5.
  • ---------------- (2004). “Parasocial Breakups from Favourite Television Characters: The Role of Attachment Styles and Relationship Intensity”. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 21(2). 187-202. doi:10.1177/0265407504041374.
  • Cole, T. and Leets, L (199). “Attachment Styles and Intimate Television Viewing: Insecurely Forming Relationships in a Parasocial Way”. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 16(4). 496-511.
  • Dias, J. A., Dias, J. G., Lages, C. (2017). “Can Negative Characters in Soap Operas Be Positive for Product Placement?”. Journal of Business Research. 71. 125- 132. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.10.010.
  • Dibble, J. L. and Rosaen, S. F. (2011). “Parasocial Interaction as More Than Friendship: Evidence for Parasocial Interactions with Disliked Media Figures”. Journal of Media Psychology. 23(3). 122-132. doi:10.1027/18-64-1105/a000044.
  • Ferchaud, A., Grzeslo, J., Orme, S., LaGroue, J. (2018). “Parasocial Attributes and YouTube Personalities: Exploring Content Trends Across the Most Subscribed YouTube Channels”. Computers in Human Behavior. 80. 88-96.doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.041.
  • Hartmann, T. (2008). “Parasocial Interactions and Paracommunication with New Media Characters”. Elly A. Konijn, Sonja Utz, Martin Tanis, Susan B. Barnes (eds.) Mediated Interpersonal Communication. (177-199). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203926864.
  • ---------------- (2016). “Parasocial Interaction, Parasocial Relationships, and Well-Being”. L. Reinecke and M. B. Oliver (eds.) In The Routledge Handbook of Media Use and Well-Being: International Perspectives on Theory and Research on Positive Media Effects. (131-144). London: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
  • Hartmann, T. and Goldhoorn, C. (2011). “Horton and Wohl Revisited: Exploring Viewers’ Experience of Parasocial Interaction”. Journal of Communication. 61(6). 1104-1121. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01595.x.
  • Heider, F. (1958). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Hwang, K., and Zhang, Q. (2018). “Influence of Parasocial Relationship Between Digital Celebrities and Their Followers on Followers’ Purchase and Electronic Word-of-Mouth Intentions, and Persuasion Knowledge”. Computers in Human Behavior. 87. 155-173. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.029.
  • Kim, J., Kim, J., Yang, H. (2019). “Loneliness and the Use of Social Media to Follow Celebrities: A Moderating Role of Social Presence”. The Social Science Journal. 56(1). 21-29. doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2018.12.007.
  • Kim, S. S. and Kim, S. (2018). “Perceived Values of TV Drama, Audience Involvement, and Behavioral Intention in Film Tourism”. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 35(3). 259-272. doi:10.1080/10548408.2016.1245172.
  • Knoll, J., Schramm, H., Schallhorn, C., Wynistorf, S. (2015). “Good Guy vs. Bad Guy:The Influence of Parasocial Interactions with Media Characters on Brand Placement Effects”. International Journal of Advertising. 34(5). 720-743. doi:10.1080/02650487.2015.1009350.
  • Lueck, J. A. (2015). “Friend-Zone with Benefits: The Parasocial Advertising of Kim Kardashian”. Journal of Marketing Communications. 21(2). 91-109. doi:10.1 080/13527266.2012.726235.
  • Maltby, J., Giles, D. C., Barber, L., McCutcheon, L. E. (2005). “Intense-Personal Celebrity Worship and Body Image: Evidence of a Link Among Female Adolescents”. British Journal of Health Psychology. 10(1). 17-32. doi:10.1348/135910704X15257.
  • Schramm, H. and Knoll, J. (2015). “Modeling the Impact of Parasocial Interactions with Media Characters on Brand Placement Effects”. Journal of Promotion Management. 21(5). 548-565. doi:10.1080/10496491.2015.1055038.
  • Slater, M. D., Ewoldsen, D. R., Woods, K. W. (2018). “Extending Conceptualization and Measurement of Narrative Engagement After-the-Fact: Parasocial Relationship and Retrospective Imaginative Involvement”. Media Psychology. 21(3). 329-351. doi:10.1080/15213269.2017.1328313.
  • Sokolova, K. and Kefi, H. (2019). “Instagram and YouTube Bloggers Promote It, Why Should I Buy? How Credibility and Parasocial Interaction Influence Purchase Intentions”. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser. 2019.01.011.
  • Sun, T. and Wu, G. (2012). “Influence of Personality Traits on Parasocial Relationship with Sports Celebrities: A Hierarchical Approach: Personality Traits and Parasocial Relationship”. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. 11(2). 136-146. doi:10.1002/cb.1378.
  • Verhellen, Y., Dens, N., Pelsmacker, P. D. (2013). “Consumer Responses to Brands Placed in Youtube Movies: The Effect of Prominence and Endorser Expertise”. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research. 14(4). 287-303.
Year 2019, , 116 - 128, 07.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.66

Abstract

References

  • Akıncı, S. and Çakır, V. (2017). “Televizyon Dizilerinde Ürün Yerleştirme ve Sponsorluğun Sonuçları”. Inif e-dergi. 2(2). 210-228.
  • Avramova, Y. R., De Pelsmacker, P., Dens, N. (2017). “Brand Placement in Text: The Short and Long-Term Effects of Placement Modality and Need for Cognition”. International Journal of Advertising. 36(5). 682-704. doi:10.1080/02650487.2017.1335041.
  • Ballantine, P. W. and Martin, B. A. S. (2005). “Forming Parasocial Relationships in Online Communities”. Advances in Consumer Research. 32. 197.
  • Batıgün, A. D. and Sunal, A. B. (2017). “Tv Dizilerinde Yer Alan Karakterlerle Kurulan Parasosyal Etkileşim: Evlilik Doyumu, Psikolojik Belirtiler ve Bazı Sosyal- Demografik Değişkenler Açısından Değerlendirme”. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi.32(79). 52-62. http://www.turkpsikolojidergisi.com.
  • Bernhold, Q. S. and Metzger, M. (2018). “Older Adults’ Parasocial Relationships with Favorite Television Characters and Depressive Symptoms”. Health Communication. 1-12. doi:10.1080/10410236.2018.1548336.
  • Brown, W. J. (2015). “Examining Four Processes of Audience Involvement with Media Personae: Transportation, Parasocial Interaction, Identification, and Worship”. Communication Theory. 25(3). 259-283. doi:10.1111/comt.12053.
  • Brown, W. J. and Bocarnea, M. (2007). “Celebrity-Persona Parasocial Interaction Scale”. R. A. Reynolds, R. Woods, J. D. Baker (eds.) Handbook of Research on Electronic Surveys and Measurements. (309-312). London: Idea Group Reference.
  • Cohen, E. L. and Hoffner, C. (2016). “Finding Meaning in a Celebrity’s Death: The Relationship Between Parasocial Attachment, Grief, and Sharing Educational Health Information Related to Robin Williams on Social Network Sites”. Computers in Human Behaviour. 65. 643-650. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.042.
  • Cohen, J. (2003). “Parasocial Breakups: Measuring Individual Differences in Responses to the Dissolution of Parasocial Relationships”. Mass Communication and Society. 6(2). 191-202. doi:10.1207/S15327825MCS0602_5.
  • ---------------- (2004). “Parasocial Breakups from Favourite Television Characters: The Role of Attachment Styles and Relationship Intensity”. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 21(2). 187-202. doi:10.1177/0265407504041374.
  • Cole, T. and Leets, L (199). “Attachment Styles and Intimate Television Viewing: Insecurely Forming Relationships in a Parasocial Way”. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 16(4). 496-511.
  • Dias, J. A., Dias, J. G., Lages, C. (2017). “Can Negative Characters in Soap Operas Be Positive for Product Placement?”. Journal of Business Research. 71. 125- 132. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.10.010.
  • Dibble, J. L. and Rosaen, S. F. (2011). “Parasocial Interaction as More Than Friendship: Evidence for Parasocial Interactions with Disliked Media Figures”. Journal of Media Psychology. 23(3). 122-132. doi:10.1027/18-64-1105/a000044.
  • Ferchaud, A., Grzeslo, J., Orme, S., LaGroue, J. (2018). “Parasocial Attributes and YouTube Personalities: Exploring Content Trends Across the Most Subscribed YouTube Channels”. Computers in Human Behavior. 80. 88-96.doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.041.
  • Hartmann, T. (2008). “Parasocial Interactions and Paracommunication with New Media Characters”. Elly A. Konijn, Sonja Utz, Martin Tanis, Susan B. Barnes (eds.) Mediated Interpersonal Communication. (177-199). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203926864.
  • ---------------- (2016). “Parasocial Interaction, Parasocial Relationships, and Well-Being”. L. Reinecke and M. B. Oliver (eds.) In The Routledge Handbook of Media Use and Well-Being: International Perspectives on Theory and Research on Positive Media Effects. (131-144). London: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
  • Hartmann, T. and Goldhoorn, C. (2011). “Horton and Wohl Revisited: Exploring Viewers’ Experience of Parasocial Interaction”. Journal of Communication. 61(6). 1104-1121. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01595.x.
  • Heider, F. (1958). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Hwang, K., and Zhang, Q. (2018). “Influence of Parasocial Relationship Between Digital Celebrities and Their Followers on Followers’ Purchase and Electronic Word-of-Mouth Intentions, and Persuasion Knowledge”. Computers in Human Behavior. 87. 155-173. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.029.
  • Kim, J., Kim, J., Yang, H. (2019). “Loneliness and the Use of Social Media to Follow Celebrities: A Moderating Role of Social Presence”. The Social Science Journal. 56(1). 21-29. doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2018.12.007.
  • Kim, S. S. and Kim, S. (2018). “Perceived Values of TV Drama, Audience Involvement, and Behavioral Intention in Film Tourism”. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 35(3). 259-272. doi:10.1080/10548408.2016.1245172.
  • Knoll, J., Schramm, H., Schallhorn, C., Wynistorf, S. (2015). “Good Guy vs. Bad Guy:The Influence of Parasocial Interactions with Media Characters on Brand Placement Effects”. International Journal of Advertising. 34(5). 720-743. doi:10.1080/02650487.2015.1009350.
  • Lueck, J. A. (2015). “Friend-Zone with Benefits: The Parasocial Advertising of Kim Kardashian”. Journal of Marketing Communications. 21(2). 91-109. doi:10.1 080/13527266.2012.726235.
  • Maltby, J., Giles, D. C., Barber, L., McCutcheon, L. E. (2005). “Intense-Personal Celebrity Worship and Body Image: Evidence of a Link Among Female Adolescents”. British Journal of Health Psychology. 10(1). 17-32. doi:10.1348/135910704X15257.
  • Schramm, H. and Knoll, J. (2015). “Modeling the Impact of Parasocial Interactions with Media Characters on Brand Placement Effects”. Journal of Promotion Management. 21(5). 548-565. doi:10.1080/10496491.2015.1055038.
  • Slater, M. D., Ewoldsen, D. R., Woods, K. W. (2018). “Extending Conceptualization and Measurement of Narrative Engagement After-the-Fact: Parasocial Relationship and Retrospective Imaginative Involvement”. Media Psychology. 21(3). 329-351. doi:10.1080/15213269.2017.1328313.
  • Sokolova, K. and Kefi, H. (2019). “Instagram and YouTube Bloggers Promote It, Why Should I Buy? How Credibility and Parasocial Interaction Influence Purchase Intentions”. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. doi:10.1016/j.jretconser. 2019.01.011.
  • Sun, T. and Wu, G. (2012). “Influence of Personality Traits on Parasocial Relationship with Sports Celebrities: A Hierarchical Approach: Personality Traits and Parasocial Relationship”. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. 11(2). 136-146. doi:10.1002/cb.1378.
  • Verhellen, Y., Dens, N., Pelsmacker, P. D. (2013). “Consumer Responses to Brands Placed in Youtube Movies: The Effect of Prominence and Endorser Expertise”. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research. 14(4). 287-303.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burcu Özbay

Publication Date October 7, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Özbay, B. (2019). The Relationship Between Parasocial Theory and Brand Placement. Etkileşim(4), 116-128. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.66
AMA Özbay B. The Relationship Between Parasocial Theory and Brand Placement. Etkileşim. October 2019;(4):116-128. doi:10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.66
Chicago Özbay, Burcu. “The Relationship Between Parasocial Theory and Brand Placement”. Etkileşim, no. 4 (October 2019): 116-28. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.66.
EndNote Özbay B (October 1, 2019) The Relationship Between Parasocial Theory and Brand Placement. Etkileşim 4 116–128.
IEEE B. Özbay, “The Relationship Between Parasocial Theory and Brand Placement”, Etkileşim, no. 4, pp. 116–128, October 2019, doi: 10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.66.
ISNAD Özbay, Burcu. “The Relationship Between Parasocial Theory and Brand Placement”. Etkileşim 4 (October 2019), 116-128. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.66.
JAMA Özbay B. The Relationship Between Parasocial Theory and Brand Placement. Etkileşim. 2019;:116–128.
MLA Özbay, Burcu. “The Relationship Between Parasocial Theory and Brand Placement”. Etkileşim, no. 4, 2019, pp. 116-28, doi:10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.66.
Vancouver Özbay B. The Relationship Between Parasocial Theory and Brand Placement. Etkileşim. 2019(4):116-28.