Legal Maxims in Islamic and Late Roman Law

Year 2018, Issue: 30, 55 - 84, 01.12.2018

İrem Kurt

Abstract

Legal maxims (qawāʿid) have been, especially after the contributions of Joseph Schacht to the understanding of the beginnings of Islamic Law, a popular area of research in Islamic studies. Certain scholars attempted to see Islamic legal maxims which resemble maxims of late Roman law, as indicators of the Roman origins of Islamic Law. Unfortunately there are very few comparative studies on similar maxims in both law systems, which aim to reveal the common features alongside differences to prove this assertion. This research tries to shed some light into this discussion, not only with a mere analysis of two of the most resembling maxims in both law systems, but also by comparing the terminology of al qawāʿid and al qiyās and the Roman terminus for legal maxims, named regula. Furthermore, this detailed approach aims to reveal the peculiarities of the two law systems by pointing out to their specific characters and different approaches.

Keywords

al Qawāʿid al Kulliyya, Regula, Firāsh, Periculum, Commodus, aḏ Damān

Legal Maxims in Islamic and Late Roman Law

Abstract

Genel hukuk prensipleri Batı’daki İslam araştırmalarında özellikle Joseph Schacht’ın İslam hukukunun kökenlerine dair iddialarından sonra sıkça ele alınmıştır. Bazı araştırmacılar Roma hukukuna benzeyen bir takım genel İslam hukuk prensiplerini, İslam hukukunun Roma hukukundan iktibas edildiği iddiasının bir göstergesi olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Ancak bu iddiayı delillendirmek için iki hukuk sistemi arasındaki benzer kaideler detaylı bir analize tabi tutulmamıştır. Elinizdeki çalışma, bir taraftan iki hukuk sistemi arasında benzerlik bakımından en fazla göze çarpan iki kaideyi, diğer taraftan ise hukuk prensibini ifade eden kavâid ve regula kavramlarını, mukayese ederek, bu alandaki eksikliği gidermeye çalışmaktadır. Bu detaylı analiz aynı zamanda hukuk düşüncesindeki farklı yaklaşımlarını ve özelliklerini ortaya çıkararak iki hukuk sistemini birbirinden ayıran unsurlara da işaret edecektrir.

Keywords

Küllî Kaide, Regula, Firaş, Periculum, Damân

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