Research Article

Skew correction and image alignment for accurate region of interest detection in scanned exam papers

Volume: 17 Number: 1 November 27, 2025
EN TR

Skew correction and image alignment for accurate region of interest detection in scanned exam papers

Abstract

Accurate digit segmentation is a critical process in handwritten digit recognition. In structured documents, digits are written in predefined locations based on template files. One common example is exam papers, where students’ identification numbers and evaluation grades are written in designated regions. However, in scanned documents, these locations are often misaligned due to skews, which negatively affects segmentation accuracy. This study proposes a skew detection and correction method combined with template matching based image alignment to improve digit segmentation for handwritten digit recognition. Unlike general-purpose methods, our approach focuses on structured exam templates, ensuring that numeric entries like student IDs and question grades are accurately extracted. Automating this process is particularly valuable for grading since manual entering scores for each question is a labor-intensive task, especially in large classes. Experimental results on 211 exam papers containing 3,407 handwritten digits show that 2,462 (72%) corrections were required due to misalignment. With the proposed alignment method, this number is reduced to only 333 (9.7%), demonstrating its effectiveness in template-based handwritten digit recognition.

Keywords

References

  1. Y. Lecun, L. Bottou, Y. Bengio, and P. Haffner, “Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition”, Proceedings of the IEEE, c. 86, sy 11, ss. 2278-2324, Kas. 1998, doi: 10.1109/5.726791.
  2. R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3. bs. Prentice Hall, 2008.
  3. G. Kumar and P. K. Bhatia, “Analytical Review of Preprocessing Techniques for Offline Handwritten Character Recognition”, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management, ICETEM, 2013.
  4. S. Inunganbi, “A systematic review on handwritten document analysis and recognition”, Multimed Tools Appl, c. 83, sy 2, ss. 5387-5413, Oca. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s11042-023-15326-9.
  5. Changming Sun and Deyi Si, “Skew and slant correction for document images using gradient direction”, içinde Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Ulm, Germany: IEEE Comput. Soc, 1997, ss. 142-146. doi: 10.1109/ICDAR.1997.619830.
  6. A. M. Al-Shatnaw and K. Omar, “Skew Detection and Correction Technique for Arabic Document Images Based on Centre of Gravity”, J. of Computer Science, c. 5, sy 5, Art. sy 5, May. 2009, doi: 10.3844/jcssp.2009.363.368.
  7. H. Fan, L. Zhu, and Y. Tang, “Skew detection in document images based on rectangular active contour”, IJDAR, c. 13, sy 4, Art. sy 4, Ara. 2010, doi: 10.1007/s10032-010-0119-3.
  8. I. V. Konya, S. Eickeler, and C. Seibert, “Fast Seamless Skew and Orientation Detection in Document Images”, içinde 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Ağu. 2010, ss. 1924-1928. doi: 10.1109/ICPR.2010.474.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Machine Vision , Computer Software

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

November 27, 2025

Submission Date

February 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 7, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 17 Number: 1

APA
Şentürk, A. (2025). Skew correction and image alignment for accurate region of interest detection in scanned exam papers. Uluslararası Teknolojik Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55974/utbd.1637840
AMA
1.Şentürk A. Skew correction and image alignment for accurate region of interest detection in scanned exam papers. IJTS. 2025;17(1):1-9. doi:10.55974/utbd.1637840
Chicago
Şentürk, Ali. 2025. “Skew Correction and Image Alignment for Accurate Region of Interest Detection in Scanned Exam Papers”. Uluslararası Teknolojik Bilimler Dergisi 17 (1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55974/utbd.1637840.
EndNote
Şentürk A (November 1, 2025) Skew correction and image alignment for accurate region of interest detection in scanned exam papers. Uluslararası Teknolojik Bilimler Dergisi 17 1 1–9.
IEEE
[1]A. Şentürk, “Skew correction and image alignment for accurate region of interest detection in scanned exam papers”, IJTS, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–9, Nov. 2025, doi: 10.55974/utbd.1637840.
ISNAD
Şentürk, Ali. “Skew Correction and Image Alignment for Accurate Region of Interest Detection in Scanned Exam Papers”. Uluslararası Teknolojik Bilimler Dergisi 17/1 (November 1, 2025): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.55974/utbd.1637840.
JAMA
1.Şentürk A. Skew correction and image alignment for accurate region of interest detection in scanned exam papers. IJTS. 2025;17:1–9.
MLA
Şentürk, Ali. “Skew Correction and Image Alignment for Accurate Region of Interest Detection in Scanned Exam Papers”. Uluslararası Teknolojik Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 1, Nov. 2025, pp. 1-9, doi:10.55974/utbd.1637840.
Vancouver
1.Ali Şentürk. Skew correction and image alignment for accurate region of interest detection in scanned exam papers. IJTS. 2025 Nov. 1;17(1):1-9. doi:10.55974/utbd.1637840