Electrospinning of nanofibrous polycaprolactone (PCL) and collagen-blended polycaprolactone for wound dressing and tissue engineering

Year 2014, , 121 - 134, 01.06.2014

Begüm Zeybek Mert Duman Aylin Şendemir Ürkmez -

https://doi.org/10.12748/uujms.201416506

Abstract

Fabrication of nanofibrous biomaterials based on natural materials through various techniques is a popular research topic, particularly for biomedical applications. Electrospinning, a well-established technique for nanofiber production has also been extended for producing nanofibrous structures of natural materials that mimic natural extracellular matrix of mammalian tissues. Collagen nanofiber production utilizes hexafluoro propanol (HFP) as a solvent for electrospinning. A novel cost-effective electrospun nanofibrous membrane is established for wound dressing and allogeneic cultured epidermal substitute through the cultivation of human dermal keratinocytes for skin defects. Several synthetic polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL) are generally electrospun for tissue engineering applications because of their remarkable mechanical stability and slow degradation rates. The large surface area of the polymer nanofibers with specific modifications facilitates cell adhesion and control of their cellular functions. The objectives of this study were to optimize fabrication parameters of electrospun nanofibrous membranes from biodegradable PCL and collagen-blended nanofibrous membranes to combine mechanical integrity and spinnability of PCL with high biocompatibility of collagen, and to examine keratinocyte attachment, morphology, proliferation, and cell-matrix interactions. Results prove that the porous nanofibrous PCL and modified PCL-blended collagen nanofibrous membranes are suitable for the attachment and proliferation of keratinocytes, and might have the potential to be applied as wound dressing as well as in tissue engineering as an epidermal substitute for the treatment of skin defects and burn wounds.

Keywords

Scaffold, electrospinning, collagen, polycaprolactone, tissue engineering

References

• Brohem CA, Cardeal LB, Tiago M, Soengas M, Barros SB, Maria-Engle S. Artificial skin in perspective: concepts and applications. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res, 2011; 24(1): 35 – 50.
• MacNeil S. Progress and opportunities for tissue-engineered skin. Nature, 2007; 445(7130): 874 – 880.
• Liu C, Z Xia, Czernuszka JT. Design and development of three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2007; 85(7): 1051 – 1064.
• Deshpande P, DR Ralston, MacNeil S. The use of allodermis prepared from Euro skin bank to prepare autologous tissue engineered skin for clinical use. Burns, 2013; 39(6): 1170 – 1177.
• Zeng Q, Macri L, Prasad A, Clark R, Zeugolis D, Hanley C, Garcia Y, Pandit A. Skin tissue engineering, Comprehensive Biomaterials, Oxford, Elsevier, 2011; 4674
• Martínez-Santamaría L, Guerrero-Aspizua S, Del Rio M. Skin bioengineering: preclinical and clinical applications. Revista Española de Cardiología, 2012; 103(01): 5 – 11.
• Bottcher-Haberzeth S, Biedermann T, Reichmann E. Tissue engineering of skin. Burns, 2010; 36(4): 450 – 460.
• Metcalfe AD, Ferguson MW. Tissue engineering of replacement skin: the crossroads of biomaterials, wound healing, embryonic development, stem cells and regeneration. JR Soc Interface, 2007; 4(14): 413 – 437.
• Yannas I, Burke JF. Design of an artificial skin. I. Basic design principles. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 1980; 14(1): 65 – 81.
• Shevchenko RVS, James L, James SE. A review of tissue-engineered skin bioconstructs available for skin reconstruction. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2010; 7(43): 229 – 258.
• Zhong SP, Zhang YZ, Lim CT. Tissue scaffolds for skin wound healing and dermal reconstruction. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol, 2010; 2(5): 510 – 525.
• Black AF, Bouez C, Perrier E, Schlotmann K, Chapuis F, Damour O. Optimization and characterization of an engineered human skin equivalent. Tissue engineering, 2005; 11(5-6): 723 – 733.
• Groeber F, Holeitera M, Hampela M, Hinderera S, Schenke-Laylanda K. Skin tissue engineering in vivo and in vitro applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2011; 63(4-5): 352 – 366.
• Yildirimer L, Thanh NT, Seifalian AM. Skin regeneration scaffolds: a multimodal bottom-up approach. Trends Biotechnol, 2012; 30(12): 638 – 648.
• Blackwood KA, McKean R, Canton I, Freeman CO, Franklin KL, Cole D, Brook I, Farthing P, Rimmer S, Haycock JW, Ryan AJ, MacNeil S. Development of biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for dermal replacement. Biomaterials, 2008; 29: 3091 – 3104.
• Venugopal JR, Zhang Y, Ramakrishna S. In-vitro culture of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun polycaprolactone/collagen nanofibrous membrane, Artificial Organs, 2006; 30(6): 440 – 446.
• Gaspar A, Moldovan L, Constantin D, Stanciuc AM, Sarbu Boeti PM, Efrimescu IC. Collagen–based scaffolds for skin tissue engineering. Journal of medicine and life, 2011; 4(2): 172 – 177.
• Shabani I, Haddadi-Asl V, Seyedjafari E, Soleimani M. Cellular infiltration on nanofibrous scaffolds using a modified electrospinning technique. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2012; 423(1): 50 – 54.
• Kanungo BP, Gibson LJ. Density-property relationships in collagenglycosaminoglycan scaffolds. Acta Biomater, 2010; 6(2): 344 – 353.
• Pelipenko J, Kristl J, Jankovic B, Baumgartner S, Kocbek P. The impact of relative humidity during electrospinning on the morphology and mechanical properties of nanofibers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2013; 456(1): 125 – 134.
• Kanani AG, Bahrami SH. Review on electrospun nanofibers scaffold and biomedical applications. Trends Biomater Artif Organs, 2010; 24(2): 93 – 115.
• Li WJ, Laurencin CT, Caterson EJ, Tuan RS, Ko FK. Electrospun nanofibrous structure: a novel scaffold for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res 2002; 60: 613 – 621.
• Lannutti J, Reneker D, Ma T, Tomasko D, Farson D. Electrospinning for tissue engineering scaffolds. Materials Science and Engineering C, 2007; 27: 504 – 509. Bhattarai SR, Bhattarai N, Yi HK, Hwang PH, Cha DI, Kim HY. Novel biodegradable electrospun membrane: scaffold for tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 2004; 25: 2595 – 2602.
• Doshi J, Reneker DH. Electrospinning process and applications of electrospun fibers. J Electrostat, 1995; 35(2–3): 151 – 160.
• Khil MS, Bhattarai SR, Kim HY, Kim SZ, Lee KH. Novel fabricated matrix via electrospinning for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005; 72B: 117 – 1
• Huang ZM, Zhang YZ, Kotaki M, Ramakrishna S. A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites. Comput Sci Technol, 2003; 63: 2223 – 2253.
• Powell HM, Supp, DM, Boyce ST. Influence of electrospun collagen on wound contraction of engineered skin substitutes. Biomaterials, 2008; 29: 834 – 843.
• Zhong, S, Teo WE, Zhu X, Beuerman RW, Ramakrishna S, Yung LYL. An aligned nanofibrous collagen scaffold by electrospinning and its effects on in vitro fibroblast culture. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2006; 456 – 4
• Matthews AJ, Wnek GE, Simpson DG, Bowlin GL. Electrospinning of collagen nanofibers, Biomacromolecules, 2002; 3: 232 – 238.
• Matthews J, Boland E, Wnek G, Simpson D, Bowlin G. Electrospinning of collagen type II: a feasibility study. J Bioact Compat Polym, 2003; 18: 125 – 134.
• Lee KH, Kim HY, Khil MS, Ra YM, Lee DR. Characterization of nanostructured poly (ε-caprolactone) nonwoven mats via electrospinning. Polymer, 2003; 44: 1287 – 1294.
• Dai NT, Williamson MR, Khammo N, Adams EF, Coombes AG. Composite cell support membranes based on collagen and polycaprolactone for tissue engineering of skin. Biomaterials, 2004; 25: 4263 – 4371.
• Kweon H, Yoo MK, Park IK, Kim TH, Akaike T, Cho CS. A novel degradable polycaprolactone networks for tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 2003; 24: 801– 80
• Khor H, Ng K, Schantz J, Phan TT, Lim T, Teoh S, and Hutmacher D. Poly(ecaprolactone) films as a potential substrate for tissue engineering an epidermal equivalent. Mater Sci Eng C, 2002; 20, 71 – 75.
• Chong EJ, Phan TT, Lim IJ, Zhang YZ, Bay BH, Ramakrishna S, and Lim CT. Evaluation of electrospun PCL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffold for wound healing and layered dermal reconstitution. Acta Biomaterialia, 2007; 3: 321 – 3
• Lee JJ, Yu HS, Hong SJ, Jeong I, Jang JH, Kim HW. Nanofibrous membrane of collagen-polycaprolactone for cell growth and tissue regeneration. J. Mater Sci: Mater Med., 2009; 20(9): 1927 – 1935.
• Zhang YZ, Venugopal J, Huang ZM, Lim CT, Ramakrishna S. Characterization of the surface biocompatibility of the electrospun PCL-collagen nanofibers using fibroblasts. Biomacromolecules, 2005; 6: 1583 – 2589.
• Belbachir K, Noreen R, Gouspillou G, Petibois C. Collagen types analysis and differentiation by FTIR spectroscopy. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2009; 395(3): 829 – 837.
• Elzein T, Nasser-Eddine M, Delaite C, Bistac S, Dumas P. FTIR study of polycaprolactone chain organization at interfaces. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2004; 273(2): 381 – 387.
• Chong EJ, Phan TT, Lim IJ, Zhang YZ, Bay BH, Ramakrishna S, Lim CT. Evaluation of electrospun PCL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffold for wound healing and layered dermal reconstitution. Acta Biomaterialia. 2007; 3(3): 321 – 330.
• Szentivanyi A, Chakradeo T, Zernetsch H, Glasmacher B. Electrospun cellular microenvironments: understanding controlled release and scaffold structure. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2011; 63(4–5): 209 – 220.
• Dalby MJ, Gadegaard N, Riehle MO, Wilkinson CD, Curtis AS. Investigating filopodia sensing using arrays of defined nano-pits down to 35 nm diameter in size. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2004; 36: 2005 – 20
• Partridge MA, Marcantonio EE. Initiation of attachment and generation of mature focal adhesions by integrin-containing filopodia in cell spreading. Molecular Biology of Cell, 2006; 17: 4237 – 4248.
• Dubin-Thaler BJ, Giannone G, Dobereiner HG, Sheetz MP. Nanometer analysis of cell spreading on matrix-coated surfaces reveals two distinct cell states and STEPs. Biophysics Journal. 2004; 86: 1794 – 1806.
• Li B, Moshfegh C, Lin Z, Albuschies J, Vogel V. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exploit Extracellular Matrix as Mechanotransducer. Nature Scientific Reports. 2013; 3(2425).
• Kitano Y, Okada N, Adachi J. TPA-induced alteration of actin organization in cultured human keratinocytes. Experimental Cell Research, 1986; 167: 369 – 3
• Lulevich V, Yang H, RivkahIsseroff R, Liu G. Single cell mechanics of keratinocyte cells. Ultramicroscopy, 2010; 110: 1435 – 1442.
• Wei Q, Reidler D, Shen M Y, Huang H. Keratinocyte cytoskeletal roles in cell sheet engineering. BMC Biotechnology, 2013; 13(1): 17.
• Senturk-Ozer S, Gevgilili H, Erisken C, Ward D, Kalyon D. Dynamics of electrospinning of poly(caprolactone) via hybrid twin screw extrusion and electrospinning and properties of electrospun fibers, Polymer Engineering and Science, 2013; 53(7): 1463 – 1474.
• Erisken C, Kalyon D, Wang H. Functionally and continuously graded electrospun polycaprolactone and β-tricalcium phosphate nanocomposites for interface tissue engineering applications, Biomaterials, 2008; 29: 4065 – 4073.
• Cheng Z, Teoh S. Surface modification of ultra-thin poly (ε-caprolactone) films using acrylic acid and collagen, Biomaterials, 2014; 25(11): 1991 – 2001.