KIYI ALANLARINDAKİ GÖRSEL KALİTE VE KIRILGANLIK İLİŞKİSİNİN İKİLİ MEKANİZMASI

Abstract

Kıyı alanları yüksek görsellikleri ile sosyo-ekonomik olarak stratejik öneme sahipken, iklim değişikliği kaynaklı fiziksel kırılganlıkları nedeniyle risk altındadır. Literatürde kıyı görsel kalitesinin değişimi ile deniz seviyesi yükselmesi kırılganlığı, birbirinden bağımsız yöntemlerle değerlendirilirken, bu iki boyut arasındaki ilişki sistematik olarak incelenmemektedir. Literatürdeki bu boşluk, Kıyı Alanları Görsel Kalite Değerlendirme Modeli (CSES) ile belirlenen görsel kalite ve Kıyı Kırılganlık İndeksi (CVI-SLR) ile belirlenen kırılganlık arasındaki ilişkinin Marmara bölgesinde seçilen 16 kumsalda nicel olarak ortaya konduğu bu çalışma ile tartışılmaktadır. Hiyerarşik Spearman korelasyon analizleri, görsel kalite ile kırılganlık arasında ikili bir etkileşim olduğunu göstermektedir. Görsel kaliteyi belirleyen fiziksel parametreler doğal kırılganlık ile pozitif ilişki sergilerken, insan kaynaklı parametrelerin fiziksel kırılganlık üzerindeki insan etkisi ile güçlü negatif ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu sonuç, yüksek görsel değere sahip doğal koruma alanlarının, koruma sağlayabilecek insan müdahalesinin olmaması nedeniyle deniz seviyesi etkilerine doğrudan maruz kalarak yüksek fiziksel kırılganlık gösterebildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak, yoğun yapılaşma ve düşük görsel kaliteye sahip kentsel kıyı alanları, mevcut yapılaşmanın kıyı koruma fonksiyonu sayesinde daha düşük kırılganlık sergileyebilmektedir. Bu ikili mekanizma, bileşik kırılganlık indekslerinde maskelenmekte, ancak ayrıntılı hiyerarşik analizler ile ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışma, kıyı alanları yönetiminde görsel kalitenin korunması ile kırılganlık azaltım stratejilerinin birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini önemle vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Kıyı görsel kalitesi
• Deniz seviyesi yükselmesi
• Kıyı kırılganlık indeksi
• Marmara Denizi

Dual Nature of Scenic Quality and Vulnerability Interaction of Coastal Areas

Abstract

Coastal areas have strategic importance characterized by high aesthetic values but physically vulnerable to climate change. In the literature, coastal scenic quality and sea-level rise vulnerability are addressed by independent methods not considering the relationship between these two dimensions. This paper systematically examines the relationship between scenic quality determined by the Coastal Scenic Evaluation System (CSES) and vulnerability determined by the Coastal Vulnerability Index to Sea-Level Rise (CVI-SLR) at 16 selected locations along Marmara Sea. Hierarchical Spearman correlation analyses revealed a dual interaction between scenic quality and vulnerability. While physical parameters determining scenic quality showed a positive relationship with physical vulnerability, human-induced parameters exhibited a strong negative relationship with human impact on the physical vulnerability. This result demonstrates that natural protected areas with high scenic value exhibit high physical vulnerability as directly exposed to sea-level rise due to minimal human intervention. Conversely, urban coastal areas with intensive development and low scenic quality may exhibit lower vulnerability due to the coastal protection function of the existing structures. This dual effect is masked in composite vulnerability indices, causing the overall relationship to appear statistically non-significant. The study emphasizes that scenic quality and adaptation strategies must be evaluated together in coastal area management.

Keywords

• Coastal scenic quality
• Sea level rise
• Coastal vulnerability index
• Marmara Sea

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