Spatial Variations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Concentrations in the Receiving Water Environment: The Nilüfer Creek

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify the spatial variations in PAH concentrations in the surface water samples, to determine the distribution of PAH species and their possible sources in the Nilüfer Creek which is one of the most important water resources in Bursa. Surface water samples taken from 6 different locations on the Nilüfer Creek were ultrasonically extracted and PAH content of the samples were measured by using a gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS).  Spatial total 12 (∑₁₂) PAH concentration profiles were in the range of 334-840 ng/L. The highest ∑₁₂ PAH levels was measured as 840 ng/L in the sampling point (N2) located after East Wastewater Treatment Plant discharge. Gümüştepe recreation area (N1) was in the second order with regards to PAH levels. It was observed that only 3- and 4-ring species existed in the samples. 5- and 6-ring species were not detected. 3 ring species (Phe, Ant) constitute 93% of the ∑₁₂ PAH content, 4 ring species (Fl, Pyr, BaA and Chr) constitute 7%. The diagnostic ratios of PAH species suggested that the pollution in the Nilüfer Creek is mostly pyrolytic.

Keywords

• Nilüfer Creek; PAH Compounds; Compositions; Sources

ALICI SU ORTAMLARINDAKİ POLİHALKALI AROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LAR) KONSANTRASYONLARININ BÖLGESEL DEĞİŞİMİ: NİLÜFER ÇAYI ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Bursa’nın en önemli su kaynaklarından olan Nilüfer Çayı’ndaki PAH konsantrasyonlarının bölgesel değişiminin, tür dağılımının ve olası kaynaklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Nilüfer Çayı’nın 6 farklı noktasından yüzeysel su örnekleri alınmıştır. Örnekler ultrasonik ektraksiyona tabi tutulmuş ve PAH konsantrasyonları gaz kromotografisi-kütle spektrometresinde (GC-MS) ölçülmüştür. Toplam 12 (∑₁₂) türe aitPAH konsantrasyonlarının 334-840 ng/L aralığında değişim gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Örnek alınan bölgeler içinde en yüksek ∑₁₂ PAH konsantrasyonu Doğu Atıksu Arıtma Deşarjı sonrasında yer alan (N2) örnekleme bölgesinde 840 ng/L olarak ölçülmüştür. Rekreasyon bölgesi olan Gümüştepe’nin (N1) de PAH kirliği açısından ikinci sırada yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Yüzeysel su örneklerinde yalnız 3-4 halkalı PAH türlerinin bulunduğu görülmüş olup 5 ve 6 halkalı türlere rastlanmamıştır. Ortalama ∑₁₂ PAH konsantrasyonlarının %93’ünün 3 halkalı türlerden (Phe, Ant), %7’sinin ise 4 halkalı türlerden (Fl, Pyr, BaA, Chr) oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. PAH türlerinin moleküler tanımlama oranları değerlendirildiğinde Nilüfer Çayı’ndaki kirliliğin büyük ölçüde pirolitik (yanma) kaynaklı olduğu belirlenmiştir.

 

Keywords

• Nilüfer Çayı, PAH Bileşikleri, Tür Dağılımları, Kaynakları

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