SANAYİ KAYNAKLI KARBONMONOKSİT SALINIMLARININ AERMOD DAĞILIM MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 275 - 286, 31.08.2018

Atilla Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.398123

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışma, özellikle kış mevsimlerinde yoğun hava
kirliliğinin yaşandığı Balıkesir ili için yapılmış ilk hava kalitesi modelleme
çalışmasıdır. Balıkesir
il merkezinde bulunan bir sanayi işletmesinden atmosferik karbonmonoksit (CO)
salınımlarının kent merkezine olan olası etkileri mevcut meteorolojik ve yüzey
topoğrafya özellikleri dikkate alınarak incelenmiş ve CO salınımlarına ait yeryüzü konsantrasyonlarının dağılımlarını
gösteren haritalar AERMOD ile oluşturulmuştur.Elde
edilen sonuçlara göre, Balıkesir ili
için uzun yıllık hakim rüzgar yönü Kuzey (N) ve Kuzey-Doğu (NE)  yönlü olarak belirlenmiştir ve kaynaktan
yayılan maksimum günlük 8 saatlik ortalama CO konsantrasyonu modelleme sonucuna
göre 34,01 μg.m^-3 olarak tahmin edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, tahmin
edilen CO seviyelerinin yasal sınırları aşmadığı ve şehir merkezine olumsuz bir
etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca incelenen kaynağa yakın kabul
edilebilecek yerde tam teşekküllü bir hastanenin olması, yapılan çalışmayı daha
önemli bir hale getirmektedir. Modelleme sonucuna göre, kaynaktan salınan
maksimum günlük 8 saatlik ortalama CO konsantrasyonu yaklaşık 10 μg.m^-3
olarak tahmin edilmiş olup, bu değerin yine aynı yönetmelikte izin verilen
yasal sınırları aşmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarının, halkın bilinçlendirilmesine katkı
sağlanması ve yerel otoriteye karar alma sürecinde öneriler sunulması da ayrıca
çalışma kapsamında önem arz etmektedir.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

CO, Balıkesir, Hava kalitesi, AERMOD, AERMET

An Investigation of Industrial Carbon monoxide Depositions Using AERMOD Dispersion Model

Öz

This study is the
first air quality modeling study for downtown Balikesir where intense air
pollution levels are experienced during the winter seasons. The possible
effects of atmospheric carbonmonoxide (CO) emissions from an industrial
operation in downtown Balikesir were examined by taking into consideration the
existing meteorological and surface topography characteristics and the maps
showing the distributions of the ground level concentrations for CO releases
were created by using the AERMOD.According to the results, the prevailing wind
direction was determined as North (N) and North-East (NE) for Balikesir
province, and the maximum daily 8-hour means of CO concentration emitted from
the source was estimated as 34,01 μg.m^-3 for the modeling study. For
this reason, it has been determined that the modeled CO concentrations do not
exceed the legal limits and there is no adverse effect on the downtown area.  In addition, the fact that, there was a full-scaled
hospital that was located nearby the source. The location of hospital complex
made the air quality modeling study more significant. According to the modeling
result, the maximum daily 8-hour means of CO concentration released from the
source was estimated to be about 10 μg.m^-3 for the hospital area. It
has also been determined that the modeled value for hospital does not exceed
the legal limits as states in the regulation. Within the scope of the study,
the obtained results are also important due to contribution to raising public
awareness and also provide suggestions to local authority in decision-making
process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CO, Balikesir, Air quality, AERMOD, AERMET

Kaynakça

• Abril, G.A., Diez, S.C., Pignata, M.L. ve Britch, J. (2016) Particulate matter concentrations originating from industrial and urban sources: Validation of atmospheric dispersion modeling results, Atmospheric Pollution Research, 7, 180-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2015.08.009
• Alberini, A. ve Krupnick, A. (1998) Air quality and episodes of acute respiratory illness in Taiwan cities: Evidence from survey data, Journal of Urban Economics, 44(1), 68-92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1997.2057
• Aneja V.P, Agarwal, A., Roelle P.A., Phillips S.B., Tong, Q., Watkins, N. ve Yablonsky R. (2001) Measurements and analysis of criteria pollutants in New Delhi, India, Environment International, 27, 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(01)00051-4
• Borge, R., Lumbreras, J., Perez, J., de la Paz, D. Ve Vedrenne, M. (2014) Emission inventories and modeling requirements for the development of air quality plans. Application to Madrid (Spain), Science of the Total Environment, 466, 809-819. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.093
• Brunekreef, B. ve Holgate, S.T. (2002) Air pollution and health, The Lancet, 360(9341), 1233-1242. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11274-8
• Carslaw, D.C. (2015) The openair manual — open-source tools for analysing air pollution data. Manual for version 1.1-4, King’s College London.
• Carslaw, D.C. ve K. Ropkins (2012) Openair — an R package for air quality data analysis, Environmental Modelling & Software,27-28, pp. 52–61.
• Chang, J.C. ve Hanna, S.R. (2004) Air quality model performance evaluation, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 87: 167-196. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00703-003-0070-7
• Gokhale, S. ve Khare, M. (2005) A hybrid model for predicting carbon monoxide from vehicular exhaust in urban environments, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 4025-4040. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.010
• Gomzi, M. (1999) Indoor air and respiratory health in preadolescent children, Atmospheric Environment, 33(24-25),4081-4086. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00149-1
• Hava Kalitesi İzleme. (2018) Hava Kalitesi İzleme Ağı. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı web sayfası. Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2018. Konu: Balıkesir il merkezine ait CO ölçüm raporu.
• H.K.D.Y.Y. (2008) http://cygm.csb.gov.tr/yonetmelikler-i-440. Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2018. Konu: Hava Kalitesi Değerlendirme ve Yönetimi Yönetmeliği.
• Helander, M. L., Savolainen, J., and Ahlholm, J. (1997) Effects of air pollution and other environmental factors on birch pollen allergens, Allergy: European Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 52(12),1207-1214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02525.x
• Liu, C.,Yin, P., Chen, R., Meng, X., Wang, L., Niu, L., Lin, Z., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Qi, J., You, J., Kan, H. ve Zhou, M. (2018) Ambient carbon monoxide and cardiovascular mortality: a nationwide time-series analysis in 272 cities in China, The Lancet Planetary Health, 2, e12-e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30181-X
• Martonen T,B., ve Schroeter, J.D. (2003) Risk assessment dosimetry model for inhaled particulate matter: I. Human subjects, Toxicology Letters, 138(1-2), 119-132. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00411-3
• Monn, C., Alean-Kirkpatrick, P., Künzli, N., Defila, C., Peeters, A., Ackermann-Liebrich, U., Leuenberger, F. and SAPALDIA Team. (1999) Air pollution, climate and pollen comparisons in urban, rural and alpine regions in Switzerland (SAPALDIA study), Atmospheric Environment, 33(15), 2411-2416. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00068-0
• Moshammer, H ve Neuberger, M. (2003) The active surface of suspended particles as a predictor of lung function and pulmonary symptoms in Austrian school children, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 1737-1744. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00073-6
• SKHKKY-EK1 (2014) http://cygm.csb.gov.tr/yonetmelikler-i-440. Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2018. Konu: Sanayi Kaynaklı Hava Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliği Ek-1.
• Tecer, L.H. (2009) A factor analysis study: Air pollution, meteorology, and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases, Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 91(7): 1399-1411. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02772240902732316
• Timonen, K.L., Pekkanen, J., Tiittanen, P. ve Salonen, R.O. (2002) Effects of air pollution on changes in lung function induced by exercise in children with chronic respiratory sypmtoms, Occup Environ Med, 59.129-134. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.59.2.129
• USEPA, (2018) https://www.epa.gov/co-pollution, Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2018, Konu: Carbon Monoxide (CO) Pollution in Outdoor Air.
• Vallero, D. A. (2008) Fundementals of Air Pollution, Fourth Edition, Elsevier Academic Press, UK.
• Visscher, A. (2014) Air Dispersion Modeling, John Wiley & Sons Press. Hoboken, New Jersey.
• Wang, L.K., Pereria, N.C., ve Hung, Y.T. (2004) Air Pollution Control Engineering, Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey.
• Williams, R., Creason, J., Zweidinger, R., Watts, R., Sheldon L., ve Shy, C. (2000) Indoor, outdoor, and personal exposure monitoring of particulate air pollution: the Baltimore elderly epidemiology-exposure pilot study, Atmospheric Environment,34(24), 4193-4204. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00209-0
• Wong, G. W. K., Ko, F. W. S., Lau, T. S., Li, S. T., Hui, D., Pang, S. W., Leung, R., Fok, T. F. ve Lai, C. K. W. (2000) Temporal relationship between air pollution and hospital admissions for asthmatic children in Hong Kong, Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 31(4), 565-569. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01063.x
• Wordley, J., Walters, S. ve Ayres, J. (1997) Short term variations in hospital admissions and mortality and particulate air pollution, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 54(2), 108-116. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.54.2.108