Association of Magnesium Levels with Glycemic Parameters and Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium levels, glycemic control, and microvascular complications in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) patients. Designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study, data from 262 T1D patients and 120 healthy individuals between July 2022 and June 2024 were analyzed. Patient records provided the data, and serum magnesium levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, with magnesium deficiency defined as serum levels below 1.6 mg/dL. The study found significantly lower magnesium levels in T1D patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Magnesium deficiency was observed in 6.1% (n = 16) of T1D patients. A negative correlation was found between serum magnesium levels and HbA1c (r = -0.286, p < 0.001), with higher HbA1c levels in patients with magnesium deficiency (p = 0.02). However, no significant relationship was identified between magnesium levels and microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy). These findings suggest that magnesium deficiency may be associated with poor glycemic control but may not have a direct effect on microvascular complications. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring magnesium levels in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes patients in terms of glycemic regulation.

Keywords

• Glycemic control
• Microvascular complications
• Type 1 Diabetes
• Magnesium

Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus Hastalarında Magnezyum Düzeylerinin Glisemik Parametreler ve Mikrovasküler Komplikasyonlarla İlişkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Tip 1 Diyabet (T1D) hastalarında serum magnezyum düzeylerinin glisemik kontrol ve mikrovasküler komplikasyonlarla olan ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Retrospektif kesitsel olarak tasarlanan çalışmada, Temmuz 2022 - Haziran 2024 tarihleri arasında 262 T1D hastası ve 120 sağlıklı birey incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri hastaların dosyalarından elde edilmiş olup, serum magnezyum düzeyleri atomik absorpsiyon spektrofotometresi kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Magnezyum eksikliği, 1.6 mg/dL’nin altındaki serum magnezyum düzeyi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmada, T1D hastalarında kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak düşük magnezyum seviyeleri tespit edilmiştir (p < 0.001). T1D hastalarının %6.1’inde (n = 16) magnezyum eksikliği saptanmıştır. Serum magnezyum düzeyi ile HbA1c arasında negatif bir korelasyon bulunmuş (r = -0.286, p < 0.001) ve magnezyum eksikliği olan hastalarda HbA1c seviyelerinin daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir (p = 0.02). Bununla birlikte, mikrovasküler komplikasyonlar (retinopati, nefropati, nöropati) ile magnezyum düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar, magnezyum eksikliğinin kötü glisemik kontrol ile ilişkili olabileceğini ancak mikrovasküler komplikasyonlara doğrudan etkisinin olmayabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, glisemik profili kötü T1D hastalarında magnezyum seviyelerinin izlenmesinin kan şekeri regülasyonu açısından önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Glisemik kontrol
• Mikrovasküler komplikasyonlar
• Tip 1 Diyabet
• Magnezyum

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