Research Article

Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Generating Impressions for Radiology Reports

Volume: 51 Number: 2 August 28, 2025
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Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Generating Impressions for Radiology Reports

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the performance of three popular large language models (LLMs) in generating impressions for radiology reports in Turkish. ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot were used to generate impressions for 50 anonymized radiology reports using a “few-shot” prompt. The impressions were scored by three radiologists using a Likert scale, based on whether they included all relevant information from the report, provided an appropriate summary of the report, contained no misleading information, and could be added to the report without modification. Friedman's test was used to evaluate whether there was a difference between the scores of the LLMs. The 50 reports included 32 magnetic resonance examinations, 11 computed tomography examinations, 5 ultrasound examinations, and 2 fluoroscopy examinations. Of these, 15 were neuroradiology studies, 14 were musculoskeletal studies, 13 were abdominal studies, and 8 were thoracic radiology studies. The median scores for the models’ outputs were 4 and 5. This finding indicates that the radiologists generally found the models successful in generating impressions. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found among the models in terms of their performance in containing all information, providing an appropriate summary, avoiding misleading information, and being suitable for inclusion in the report without modification (p = 0.607, 0.327, 0.629, 0.089, respectively). In conclusion, ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot were found to be successful in generating impressions for radiology reports in Turkish, and no significant difference in performance was detected among the models.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Radiology and Organ Imaging

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 28, 2025

Submission Date

March 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 31, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 51 Number: 2

APA
Kaya, H. E., Sağlam, D., Yazıcı, Z., & Gökalp, G. (2025). Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Generating Impressions for Radiology Reports. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, 51(2), 305-309. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1653680
AMA
1.Kaya HE, Sağlam D, Yazıcı Z, Gökalp G. Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Generating Impressions for Radiology Reports. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2025;51(2):305-309. doi:10.32708/uutfd.1653680
Chicago
Kaya, Hasan Emin, Dilek Sağlam, Zeynep Yazıcı, and Gökhan Gökalp. 2025. “Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Generating Impressions for Radiology Reports”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 51 (2): 305-9. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1653680.
EndNote
Kaya HE, Sağlam D, Yazıcı Z, Gökalp G (August 1, 2025) Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Generating Impressions for Radiology Reports. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 51 2 305–309.
IEEE
[1]H. E. Kaya, D. Sağlam, Z. Yazıcı, and G. Gökalp, “Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Generating Impressions for Radiology Reports”, Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 305–309, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.32708/uutfd.1653680.
ISNAD
Kaya, Hasan Emin - Sağlam, Dilek - Yazıcı, Zeynep - Gökalp, Gökhan. “Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Generating Impressions for Radiology Reports”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 51/2 (August 1, 2025): 305-309. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1653680.
JAMA
1.Kaya HE, Sağlam D, Yazıcı Z, Gökalp G. Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Generating Impressions for Radiology Reports. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2025;51:305–309.
MLA
Kaya, Hasan Emin, et al. “Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Generating Impressions for Radiology Reports”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, vol. 51, no. 2, Aug. 2025, pp. 305-9, doi:10.32708/uutfd.1653680.
Vancouver
1.Hasan Emin Kaya, Dilek Sağlam, Zeynep Yazıcı, Gökhan Gökalp. Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Generating Impressions for Radiology Reports. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2025 Aug. 1;51(2):305-9. doi:10.32708/uutfd.1653680

ISSN: 1300-414X, e-ISSN: 2645-9027

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