Research Article

Serum Cathepsin G Levels and Their Relationship with Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Volume: 52 February 10, 2026
EN TR

Serum Cathepsin G Levels and Their Relationship with Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Cathepsin G (CatG), a neutrophil-derived serine protease, contributes to inflammation and vascular remodeling. Dysregulated CatG activity has been implicated in autoimmune and metabolic disorders; however, its role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains insufficiently characterized. This cross-sectional study investigated serum CatG levels in 76 patients with T2DM and 37 healthy controls. CatG levels were measured using ELISA, and metabolic and inflammatory indices—including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune–inflammation index (SII), and triglyceride-to–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL)—were assessed. Serum CatG levels were significantly lower in patients with T2DM than in controls (685.6±480.8 vs. 995.4±721.9 pg/mL; p=0.011). In unadjusted analyses, T2DM was negatively associated with CatG levels (B=−309.8; p=0.008); however, this association was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, and PLR (p=0.139), indicating attenuation of the crude between-group difference. These findings suggest that baseline demographic and anthropometric imbalances may partly contribute to the observed differences in CatG levels. Serum CatG levels were inversely correlated with HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and waist circumference, while no significant associations were observed with inflammatory indices. Despite evidence of low-grade inflammation in T2DM, CatG levels did not parallel NLR, PLR, or SII. Reduced serum CatG levels may therefore be associated with changes in the inflammatory milieu of chronic metabolic disorders rather than with a specific protective or adaptive mechanism. Overall, CatG provides descriptive insight into qualitative aspects of inflammation in long-standing diabetes and warrants further investigation in longitudinal studies.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Endocrinology, ​Internal Diseases

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

February 10, 2026

Submission Date

October 31, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 14, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 52

APA
Taştemur, Ş., & Keskin, Z. (2026). Serum Cathepsin G Levels and Their Relationship with Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, 52, 1814586. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1814586
AMA
1.Taştemur Ş, Keskin Z. Serum Cathepsin G Levels and Their Relationship with Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2026;52:1814586. doi:10.32708/uutfd.1814586
Chicago
Taştemur, Şeyma, and Zekeriya Keskin. 2026. “Serum Cathepsin G Levels and Their Relationship With Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 52 (February): 1814586. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1814586.
EndNote
Taştemur Ş, Keskin Z (February 1, 2026) Serum Cathepsin G Levels and Their Relationship with Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 52 1814586.
IEEE
[1]Ş. Taştemur and Z. Keskin, “Serum Cathepsin G Levels and Their Relationship with Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus”, Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, vol. 52, p. 1814586, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.32708/uutfd.1814586.
ISNAD
Taştemur, Şeyma - Keskin, Zekeriya. “Serum Cathepsin G Levels and Their Relationship With Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 52 (February 1, 2026): 1814586. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1814586.
JAMA
1.Taştemur Ş, Keskin Z. Serum Cathepsin G Levels and Their Relationship with Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2026;52:1814586.
MLA
Taştemur, Şeyma, and Zekeriya Keskin. “Serum Cathepsin G Levels and Their Relationship With Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus”. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, vol. 52, Feb. 2026, p. 1814586, doi:10.32708/uutfd.1814586.
Vancouver
1.Şeyma Taştemur, Zekeriya Keskin. Serum Cathepsin G Levels and Their Relationship with Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty. 2026 Feb. 1;52:1814586. doi:10.32708/uutfd.1814586

ISSN: 1300-414X, e-ISSN: 2645-9027

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