Apelinergic System And Myocardial Contractility

Abstract

The apelinergic system consists of APJ (apelin receptor), apelin and elabela. APJ is a G protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and elabela are endogenous ligands of APJ. APJ, apelin and elabela are widely expressed in cardiovascular tissues. The positive inotropic effect of apelin and elabela, which mediate vasodilator, cardioprotective and angiogenic effects, is quite potent. It is suggested that calcium-dependent and calcium-independent mechanisms play role in the positive inotropic effect of apelin after activation of phospholipase C. Elabela is thought to show positive inotropic effect by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Apelin, elabela, their analogues and APJ agonists may be an important alternative in the treatment of heart failure due to their potent positive inotropic effects. This review focuses on effects and effect mechanisms of the apelinergic system on myocardial function.

Keywords

• apelin,elabela,myocard

Apelinerjik Sistem ve Miyokardiyal Kontraktilite

Abstract

Apelinerjik sistem APJ (apelin reseptörü), apelin ve elabeladan oluşmaktadır. APJ, G protein kenetli bir reseptördür. Apelin ve elabela APJ’nin endojen ligandlarıdır. APJ, apelin ve elabela kardiyovasküler dokularda yaygın olarak eksprese edilmektedir. Vazodilatatör, kardiyoprotektif ve anjiyogenik etkilere aracılık eden apelin ve elabelanın pozitif inotropik etkisi oldukça güçlüdür. Apelinin pozitif inotropik etkisinde fosfolipaz C aktivasyonu sonrası kalsiyum bağımlı ve kalsiyum bağımsız mekanizmaların rol oynadığı ileri sürülmektedir. Elabelanın ise mitojenle aktiflenen protein kinaz 1/2-ekstraselüler sinyalle düzenlenen kinaz 1/2 yolağını aktive ederek pozitif inotropik etki gösterdiği düşünülmektedir. Apelin, elabela, bunların analogları ve APJ agonistleri güçlü pozitif inotropik etkileri nedeni ile kalp yetmezliği tedavisinde önemli bir tedavi alternatifi oluşturabilir. Bu derlemede apelinerjik sistemin miyokard fonksiyonuna etkileri ve etki mekanizmaları üzerinde durulmaktadır.

Keywords

• apelin,elabela,miyokard

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